UPSC Quiz – 2021 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 5th JUNE 2021

Solution (b)

World employment and social outlook is the flagship report of the International Labour Organization. The report analyses the impact of the crisis on the labour market across the world and offers projections for recovery and gives details of the unequal impact of the crisis on different groups of workers and enterprises and calls for a broad-based human-centered recovery. 

According to the 2021 report, Global unemployment is expected to be at 205 million in 2022, surpassing the 2019 level of 187 million.

The jobs shortfall induced by the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was 75 million in 2021 and is expected to be 23 million in 2022.

Article Link: Global unemployment to surge to 205 million in 2022: ILO

Solution (d)

A low Earth orbit (LEO) is, as the name suggests, an orbit that is relatively close to Earth’s surface. It is normally at an altitude of less than 1000 km but could be as low as 160 km above Earth – which is low compared to other orbits, but still very far above Earth’s surface. By comparison, most commercial aeroplanes do not fly at altitudes much greater than approximately 14 km, so even the lowest LEO is more than ten times higher than that. 

Unlike satellites in GEO that must always orbit along Earth’s equator, LEO satellites do not always have to follow a particular path around Earth in the same way – their plane can be tilted. This means there are more available routes for satellites in LEO, which is one of the reasons why LEO is a very commonly used orbit.

LEO’s close proximity to Earth makes it useful for several reasons. It is the orbit most commonly used for satellite imaging, as being near the surface allows it to take images of higher resolution. It is also the orbit used for the International Space Station (ISS), as it is easier for astronauts to travel to and from it at a shorter distance.

The Hubble Space Telescope is a large telescope in space. It was launched into orbit by space shuttle Discovery on April 24, 1990. Hubble orbits about 547 kilometers (340 miles) above Earth.

Article Link: Why is the world getting closer to Internet from the skies?

Solution (a)

Sustainable Development Goals India Index is designed and developed by NITI Aayog. It was first launched in 2018. The preparation of the index followed extensive consultations with the primary stakeholders i.e. the States and Union Territories, the UN agencies in India, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), and the key Union Ministries.

The States and Union Territories are classified as below based on their SDG India Index score:

• Aspirant: 0–49
• Performer: 50–64
• Front-Runner: 65–99
• Achiever: 100

Key Highlights of SDG India Index 2020-21:

• The country’s overall SDG score has improved by 6 points i.e. from 60 in 2019 to 66 in 2020–21.
• Mizoram, Haryana, and Uttarakhand are the top gainers in 2020–21in terms of improvement in score from 2019, with an increase of 12, 10 and 8 points, respectively.
• There are no states in Achiever Category.
• Kerala has retained the top rank in Niti Aayog’s SDG India Index 2020-21, while Bihar has been adjudged as the worst performer.
• Both Himachal Pradesh and Tamil Nadu took the second spot with a score of 74.
• Bihar, Jharkhand and Assam were the worst performing states in this year’s India index.

Article Link: Significant progress in SDGs on clean energy, health: NITI index

Solution (c)

China’s Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) also known as Artificial Sun, works on the principle of Nuclear Fusion. The mission mimics the energy generation process of the Sun. The reactor consists of an advanced nuclear fusion experimental research device located in Hefei, China.

Recently, it has set a new record after it ran at 216 million degrees Fahrenheit (120 million degrees Celsius) for 101 seconds. For another 20 seconds, the “artificial sun” also achieved a peak temperature of 288 million degrees Fahrenheit (160 million degrees Celsius), which is over ten times hotter than the sun.

Article Link: What is China’s ‘artificial sun’ experimental fusion reactor that has set a new record?

Solution (a)

The Disaster Management Act was passed by the government of India in 2005 for the efficient management of disasters and other matters connected to it. It came into force in January 2006.

The objective of the Act is to manage disaster, including preparation of mitigation strategies, capacity building and more.

The Act designates the Ministry of Home Affairs as the Nodal Ministry for overall national disaster management.

It provides for The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) headed by the Prime Minister which is tasked with laying down disaster management policies and ensuring timely and effective response mechanism.

Article Link: DM Act is of 2005 vintage, was first enforced during pandemic