Ethics Theory, TLP-UPSC Mains Answer Writing
Q. 4. Unity in diversity has long defined the Indian ethos. Critically analyse how this principle is sustained in contemporary India. (150 words, 10 marks)
Introduction
Unity in Diversity” reflects India’s civilisational ethos—where multiple religions, languages, and cultures coexist within a constitutional framework.
Body
Mechanisms Sustaining Unity in Diversity
- Constitutional Framework: Fundamental Rights (Articles 25–30), Official Languages (8th Schedule), and federalism ensure pluralism.
- Democratic Institutions: Free elections, judiciary, and decentralised governance help integrate diverse aspirations.
- Cultural Inclusivity: National festivals, linguistic tolerance, and composite traditions (e.g. Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb) foster cohesion.
- Education and Media: NCERT curriculum, Doordarshan, and newer digital platforms promote pan-Indian narratives.
- Inter-State Migration: Economic migration and urbanisation have enabled intermingling of regional identities in cities like Mumbai, Bengaluru.
Contemporary Challenges and Strains
- Religious Polarisation: Communal rhetoric and sectarian violence strain harmony (e.g. Delhi Riots 2020).
- Language Politics: Resistance to Hindi imposition in southern states reflects linguistic assertion.
- Regionalism: Movements like Maratha reservation, Gorkhaland, or intra-state conflicts in Northeast challenge national integration.
- Digital Echo Chambers: Social media has amplified identity-based fault lines and misinformation.
- Economic Inequality: Disparities between regions (e.g. BIMARU vs South India) can breed alienation and sub-nationalism.
Conclusion
While countries like France face unrest amid growing diversity, India’s social fabric endures through its civilisational ethos and constitutional values. Upholding inclusive governance is vital to sustain this unique model of pluralistic harmony.
