In News: The World Health Organisation (WHO) has released a report: ‘Invisible numbers – the true scale of non-communicable diseases’ on non-Communicable diseases
WHO has launched a portal, which, for the first time, brings together all WHO data related to NCDs for 194 countries.
President of the Public Health Foundation of India had described NCDs as a public health emergency in slow motion.
Findings of the report:
NCDs led to 66% of deaths in India in 2019
Further there was a 22 per cent probability of death between the age of 30 and 70
Over 60.46 lakh people died due to NCDs in India in 2019.
Every two seconds, one person under the age of 70 dies of a non-communicable disease (NCD) with 86 per cent of those deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries.
Non-communicable disease deaths are due to cardiovascular diseases (over 25 lakhs deaths), chronic respiratory disease (over 11 lakhs deaths), diabetes (around 3.5 lakhs deaths), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer.
Diabetes of Type 2 nature accounts for more than 95 per cent of global cases caused due to– tobacco use, unhealthy diet, harmful use of alcohol, physical inactivity, and air pollution.
Cancer causes one in six deaths – 9.3 million people a year — and 44 per cent of cancer deaths could have been prevented or delayed by eliminating risks to health.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease kills 4.1 million people a year i.e., cause of one in 13 deaths.
Covid-19 highlighted the links between NCDs and infectious disease, as in the early months of the pandemic, 75 per cent of countries reported disruption to essential NCD services.
About Type 2 diabetes:
Diabetes is one of the most common NCDs
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose). With type 2 diabetes, the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin, or it resists insulin.
It is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.
Type 2 diabetes primarily occurs as a result of obesity, lack of exercise, excessive use of alcohol and tobacco and unhealthy lifestyle.
Symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue, and blurred vision.
Treatments include diet, exercise, medication, and insulin therapy.
Q.1) In the context of hereditary diseases, consider the following statements: (2021)
Passing on mitochondrial diseases from parent to child can be prevented by mitochondrial replacement therapy either before or after in vitro fertilization of egg.
A child inherits mitochondrial diseases entirely from mother and not from father.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
