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Question 1 of 35

1. Question

Consider the following pairs:

Temple	Dynasty/ Rule
1. Kailashnath Temple	Rashtrakutas
2. Ajanta Caves	Hoysalas
3. Elephanta Caves	Kalachuris
4. Airavateshwara Temple	Pallavas

How many of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

a) One pair only
b) Two pairs only
c) Three pairs only
d) All of the above pairs

Correct

Solution (b)

Statement 1	Statement 2	Statement 3	Statement 4
Correct	Incorrect	Correct	Incorrect
The Kailashnath temple at the Ellora caves is one of the largest rock-cut temples in India. The construction of the temple is attributed to the Rashtrakuta King Krishna I.	Ajanta caves are a group of Buddhist cave monuments. The temples are believed to be constructed during the period of 400 to 650 AD. The construction of these temples is believed to have been started by the Satavahanas. However, most of the caves have been constructed under the patronage of the Vakatakas.	Elephanta caves are rock cut caves. They are devoted to Hinduism. The famous sculpture of Sadashiva is located here. They are believed to be constructed by the Kalachuris.	Airavateshwara temple is a temple located in the town of Darasuram in Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu. This temple was built by Rajaraja Chola II.

Incorrect

Solution (b)

Statement 1	Statement 2	Statement 3	Statement 4
Correct	Incorrect	Correct	Incorrect
The Kailashnath temple at the Ellora caves is one of the largest rock-cut temples in India. The construction of the temple is attributed to the Rashtrakuta King Krishna I.	Ajanta caves are a group of Buddhist cave monuments. The temples are believed to be constructed during the period of 400 to 650 AD. The construction of these temples is believed to have been started by the Satavahanas. However, most of the caves have been constructed under the patronage of the Vakatakas.	Elephanta caves are rock cut caves. They are devoted to Hinduism. The famous sculpture of Sadashiva is located here. They are believed to be constructed by the Kalachuris.	Airavateshwara temple is a temple located in the town of Darasuram in Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu. This temple was built by Rajaraja Chola II.

Question 2 of 35

2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Pallavas:

Mahendravarman I introduced the rock-cut temples.
Perundevanar translated the Mahabharata as Bharathavenba in Tamil.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct

Solution (c)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Correct

Mahendravarman I introduced the rock-cut temples. This style of Pallava temples are seen at places like Mandagappattu, Mahendravadi, Mamandur, Dalavanur, Tiruchirappalli, Vallam, Siyamangalam and Tirukalukkunram.

Perundevanar was patronized by Nandivarman II and he translated the Mahabharata as Bharathavenba in Tamil.

Mahendravaraman I composed the Sanskrit play Mattavilasaprahasanam. Tamil literature had also developed. The Nayanmars and Alwars composed religious hymns in Tamil. The Devaram composed by Nayanmars and the Nalayradivyaprabandam composed by Alwars represent the religious literature of the Pallava period.

Incorrect

Solution (c)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Correct

Perundevanar was patronized by Nandivarman II and he translated the Mahabharata as Bharathavenba in Tamil.

Question 3 of 35

3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Shikharas under Nagara temples:

The shikhara which is square at the base and whose walls curve or slope inward to a point on top is called the ‘Latina’ or the Rekha-Prasada type of shikara.
Phamsana buildings tend to be broader and shorter than Latina ones.
Valabhi type are rectangular buildings with a roof that rises into a vaulted chamber.

How many of the above statements are correct?

a) Only one
b) Only two
c) All three
d) None

Correct

Solution (c)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3

Correct

There are many subdivisions of nagara temples depending on the shape of the Shikhara.

The most common name for the simple shikhara which is square at the base and whose walls curve or slope inward to a point on top is called the ‘Latina’ or the Rekhaprasada type of shikara.

The second major type of architectural form in the Nagara order is the Phamsana. Phamsana buildings tend to be broader and shorter than Latina ones. Their roofs are composed of several slabs that gently rise to a single point over the center of the building, unlike the Latina ones which look like sharply rising tall towers. Phamsana roofs do not curve inward, instead they slope upwards on a straight incline.

The third main sub-type of the nagara building is what is generally called the Valabhi type.

These are rectangular buildings with a roof that rises into a vaulted chamber. The edge of this vaulted chamber is rounded, like the bamboo or wooden wagons that would have been drawn by bullocks in ancient times. They are usually called ‘wagon vaulted buildings’.

Incorrect

Solution (c)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3

Correct

There are many subdivisions of nagara temples depending on the shape of the Shikhara.

The most common name for the simple shikhara which is square at the base and whose walls curve or slope inward to a point on top is called the ‘Latina’ or the Rekhaprasada type of shikara.

The third main sub-type of the nagara building is what is generally called the Valabhi type.

Question 4 of 35

4. Question

Which of the following temples is/are located in Kanchipuram?

Ulagalanda Perumal Temple
Varadharaja Perumal temple
Ekambaresvara Temple
Kailasanathar Temple

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

a) 1 and 3 only
b) 1, 3 and 4 only
c) 2, 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Correct

Solution (d)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3

Statement 4

Correct

Ulagalanda Perumal Temple:

This temple has a unique feature of having four Divya Desams in the same complex, which is not seen anywhere.

Varadharaja Perumal temple:

Dedicated to Lord Vishnu, it is one of the 108 Divya Desams visited by all the 12 Alwar saints. It has a ‘hundred pillar’ Mandapam built by the Vijayanagara kings.

Ekambaresvara Temple:

It is one of the five major Shiva temples of Pancha Bootha Sthalams (each

representing a natural element) representing the element – Earth;

The temple’s Raja Gopuram is one of the tallest (57m) in south India and was built by the Vijayanagara king Krishnadevaraya;

One notable feature is the Aayiram Kaal Mandapam, or the ‘hallway with a thousand pillars’.

Kailasanathar Temple:

Built by the Pallava king Rajasimha I (Narasimhavarman II), it is the oldest structure in Kanchipuram. The temple’s sanctum sanctorum contains a unique 16- sided Shivalinga carved out of black granite

Incorrect

Solution (d)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3

Statement 4

Correct

Ulagalanda Perumal Temple:

This temple has a unique feature of having four Divya Desams in the same complex, which is not seen anywhere.

Varadharaja Perumal temple:

Dedicated to Lord Vishnu, it is one of the 108 Divya Desams visited by all the 12 Alwar saints. It has a ‘hundred pillar’ Mandapam built by the Vijayanagara kings.

Ekambaresvara Temple:

It is one of the five major Shiva temples of Pancha Bootha Sthalams (each

representing a natural element) representing the element – Earth;

The temple’s Raja Gopuram is one of the tallest (57m) in south India and was built by the Vijayanagara king Krishnadevaraya;

One notable feature is the Aayiram Kaal Mandapam, or the ‘hallway with a thousand pillars’.

Kailasanathar Temple:

Question 5 of 35

5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Odisha School of architecture:

The main architectural features of Odisha temples are classified in three orders, i.e., Rekhapida, Pidhadeul and Khakra.
The mandapa was known as Jagmohan.
The interior walls were lavishly decorated with intricate carvings, but exterior walls were plain.

How many of the above statements are correct?

a) Only one
b) Only two
c) All three
d) None

Correct

Solution (b)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3

Correct

Incorrect

The main architectural features of Odisha temples are classified in three orders, i.e., Rekhapida, Pidhadeul and Khakra.

Most of the main temple sites are located in ancient Kalinga—modern Puri District, including Bhubaneswar or ancient Tribhuvanesvara, Puri and Konark. The temples of Odisha constitute a distinct sub-style within the nagara order.

In general, here the shikhara, called Deul in Odisha, is vertical almost until the top when it suddenly curves sharply inwards.

In general, the shikhara, called deul in Odisha, is vertical almost until the top when it suddenly curves sharply inwards.

Deuls are preceded, as usual, by mandapas called jagamohana in Odisha.

The ground plan of the main temple is almost always square, which, in the upper reaches of its superstructure, becomes circular in the crowning mastaka.

The ground plan of the main temple is almost always square, which, in the upper reaches of its superstructure, becomes circular in the crowning Mastaka. This makes the spire nearly cylindrical in appearance in its length.

The ground plan of the main temple is almost always square, which, in the upper reaches of its superstructure, becomes circular in the crowning mastaka.

Compartments and niches are generally square, the exterior of the temples are lavishly carved, their interiors

generally quite bare. Odisha temples usually have boundary walls.

Incorrect

Solution (b)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3

Correct

Incorrect

The main architectural features of Odisha temples are classified in three orders, i.e., Rekhapida, Pidhadeul and Khakra.

In general, here the shikhara, called Deul in Odisha, is vertical almost until the top when it suddenly curves sharply inwards.

In general, the shikhara, called deul in Odisha, is vertical almost until the top when it suddenly curves sharply inwards.

Deuls are preceded, as usual, by mandapas called jagamohana in Odisha.

The ground plan of the main temple is almost always square, which, in the upper reaches of its superstructure, becomes circular in the crowning mastaka.

Compartments and niches are generally square, the exterior of the temples are lavishly carved, their interiors

generally quite bare. Odisha temples usually have boundary walls.

Question 6 of 35

6. Question
Who among the following authored ‘The Mattavilasa Prahasana’?
- a) Ravikirti
- b) Pulikesin II
- c) Mahendravarman I
- d) Rajendra Chola
Correct

Solution (c)
- The Mattavilasa Prahasana:
  - Mattavilasa Prahasana, is a short one-act Sanskrit play.
  - It is one of the two great one act plays written by Pallava King Mahendravarman I in the beginning of the seventh century in Tamil Nadu.
  - Mattavilasa Prahasana is a satire that pokes fun at the peculiar aspects of the heretic Kapalika and Pasupata Saivite sects, Buddhists and Jainism.
  - The setting of the play is Kanchipuram, the capital city of the Pallava kingdom in the seventh century.
  - The play revolves around the drunken antics of a Kapalika mendicant, Satyasoma, his woman, Devasoma, and the loss and recovery of their skull-bowl.
  - The act describes a dispute between a drunken Kapali and the Buddhist monk. The inebriated Kapali suspects the Buddhist monk of stealing his begging bowl made from a skull, but after a drawn-out argument it is found to have been taken away by a dog.
Incorrect

Solution (c)
- The Mattavilasa Prahasana:
  - Mattavilasa Prahasana, is a short one-act Sanskrit play.
  - It is one of the two great one act plays written by Pallava King Mahendravarman I in the beginning of the seventh century in Tamil Nadu.
  - Mattavilasa Prahasana is a satire that pokes fun at the peculiar aspects of the heretic Kapalika and Pasupata Saivite sects, Buddhists and Jainism.
  - The setting of the play is Kanchipuram, the capital city of the Pallava kingdom in the seventh century.
  - The play revolves around the drunken antics of a Kapalika mendicant, Satyasoma, his woman, Devasoma, and the loss and recovery of their skull-bowl.
  - The act describes a dispute between a drunken Kapali and the Buddhist monk. The inebriated Kapali suspects the Buddhist monk of stealing his begging bowl made from a skull, but after a drawn-out argument it is found to have been taken away by a dog.

Question 7 of 35

7. Question

With reference to the cultural history of the Chola Empire, consider the following pairs:

Term	Description
Tirumurai	Writings of the Saivite saints
Variyam	Village committees for local governance
Valangai	Type of caste division in Tamil land

How many of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

a) One pair only
b) Two pairs only
c) None of the above pairs
d) All of the above pairs

Correct

Solution (d)

Statement 1	Statement 2	Statement 3
Correct	Correct	Correct
A number of popular saints, called the Nayanmars and the Alvars, who were the devotees of Siva and Vishnu, respectively, flourished in the Tamil kingdoms between the sixth and the ninth centuries. They composed their works in Tamil. The writings of the Saivite saints, which were collected into 11 volumes under the name Tirumurai in the early part of the twelfth century, are considered sacred and are looked upon as the fifth Veda.	Village committees under the Chola rule were called as Variyam. They were divided into 6 types, such as Samvatsara Variyam, Eri Variyam, Thotta Variyam, Pancha Variyam, Pon Variyam and Puravuvari Variyam, to take up 6 different functions of the village administration. The committee members were called the Variyapperumakkal.	The inscriptions of the later period of the Chola rule mention two major divisions among the castes – Valangai and Idangai castes. However, there was cooperation among various castes and subcastes in the social and religious life.

Incorrect

Solution (d)

Statement 1	Statement 2	Statement 3
Correct	Correct	Correct
A number of popular saints, called the Nayanmars and the Alvars, who were the devotees of Siva and Vishnu, respectively, flourished in the Tamil kingdoms between the sixth and the ninth centuries. They composed their works in Tamil. The writings of the Saivite saints, which were collected into 11 volumes under the name Tirumurai in the early part of the twelfth century, are considered sacred and are looked upon as the fifth Veda.	Village committees under the Chola rule were called as Variyam. They were divided into 6 types, such as Samvatsara Variyam, Eri Variyam, Thotta Variyam, Pancha Variyam, Pon Variyam and Puravuvari Variyam, to take up 6 different functions of the village administration. The committee members were called the Variyapperumakkal.	The inscriptions of the later period of the Chola rule mention two major divisions among the castes – Valangai and Idangai castes. However, there was cooperation among various castes and subcastes in the social and religious life.

Question 8 of 35

8. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Ajanta:

Ajanta is the only surviving example of painting of the first century BCE and the fifth century CE.
Shrine images at Ajanta are grand in size.
Vakataka kingdom were the important patrons at Ajanta.

How many of the above statements are correct?

a) Only one
b) Only two
c) All three
d) None

Correct

Solution (c)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3

Correct

The most famous cave site Ajanta is located in Aurangabad District of Maharashtra State. It has large chaitya-viharas and is decorated with sculptures and paintings.

Ajanta is the only surviving example of painting of the first century BCE and the fifth century CE. The caves at Ajanta as well as in western Deccan in general have no

precise chronology because of the lack of known dated inscriptions.

Paintings have a lot of typological variations. Outward projections are used in the Ajanta paintings of the fifth century CE.

Shrine images at Ajanta are grand in size.

Lines are clearly defined and are very rhythmic.

Body color gets merged with the outer line creating the effect of volume.

The figures are heavy like the sculptures of western India.

Among the important patrons at Ajanta were Varahadeva (patron of Cave No. 16), the prime minister of the Vakataka king, Harishena; Upendragupta (patron of Cave Nos. 17–20) the local king of the region and feudatory of the Vakataka king, Harishena; Buddhabhadra (patron of Cave No. 26); and Mathuradasa (patron of Cave No. 4).

Incorrect

Solution (c)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3

Correct

The most famous cave site Ajanta is located in Aurangabad District of Maharashtra State. It has large chaitya-viharas and is decorated with sculptures and paintings.

Ajanta is the only surviving example of painting of the first century BCE and the fifth century CE. The caves at Ajanta as well as in western Deccan in general have no

precise chronology because of the lack of known dated inscriptions.

Paintings have a lot of typological variations. Outward projections are used in the Ajanta paintings of the fifth century CE.

Shrine images at Ajanta are grand in size.

Lines are clearly defined and are very rhythmic.

Body color gets merged with the outer line creating the effect of volume.

The figures are heavy like the sculptures of western India.

Question 9 of 35

9. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Kalinga school of temple architecture:

Large gopurams and water tanks are present in temple premises.
It is characterized by ‘mandaps’ or dance pavilions.
It is a sub-style of Dravidian style of temple architecture.

How many of the above statements are correct?

a) Only one
b) Only two
c) All three
d) None

Correct

Solution (a)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Gopurams and Large water tanks in temple premises are features of Dravidian style of temple architecture.

In this, Shikhara (called Deul in Odisha) is almost vertical before it curves near the top. Shikhara is preceded by a mandapa (called Jagmohan or ‘dance pavilion’ in Odisha).

Kaḷinga architectural style is a sub-style of Nagara architecture, flourished in the ancient Kalinga region – present state of Odisha, West Bengal and northern Andhra Pradesh.

The style consists of three distinct types of temples: Rekha Deula, Pidha Deula and Khakhara Deula.

The Rekha Deula and Khakhara Deula house the sanctum sanctorum,

while the Pidha Deula constitutes outer dancing and offering halls.

Examples of Kalinga architecture are Rajarani temple (Bhubaneshwar); Jagannath Temple, Puri.

Incorrect

Solution (a)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Gopurams and Large water tanks in temple premises are features of Dravidian style of temple architecture.

In this, Shikhara (called Deul in Odisha) is almost vertical before it curves near the top. Shikhara is preceded by a mandapa (called Jagmohan or ‘dance pavilion’ in Odisha).

Kaḷinga architectural style is a sub-style of Nagara architecture, flourished in the ancient Kalinga region – present state of Odisha, West Bengal and northern Andhra Pradesh.

The style consists of three distinct types of temples: Rekha Deula, Pidha Deula and Khakhara Deula.

The Rekha Deula and Khakhara Deula house the sanctum sanctorum,

while the Pidha Deula constitutes outer dancing and offering halls.

Examples of Kalinga architecture are Rajarani temple (Bhubaneshwar); Jagannath Temple, Puri.

Question 10 of 35

10. Question
Which of the temple architecture styles are easily distinguishable from other medieval temples by their highly original star-like ground-plans and a profusion of decorative carvings?
- a) Vijayanagara temples
- b) Pallavas temples
- c) Chalukyan temples
- d) Hoysala temples
Correct

Solution (d)
- Hoysala temples:
  - The Hoysaleswara temple (Lord of the Hoysalas) at Halebid in Karnataka was built in dark schist stone by the Hoysala king in 1150.
  - Hoysala temples are sometimes called hybrid or Vesara as their unique style seems neither completely Dravida nor nagara, but somewhere in between.
  - They are easily distinguishable from other medieval temples by their highly original star-like ground-plans and a profusion of decorative carvings.
  - Dedicated to Shiva as Nataraja, the Halebid temple is a double building with a large hall for the mandapa to facilitate music and dance.
  - A Nandi pavilion precedes each building. The tower of the temple here and at nearby Belur fell long ago, and an idea of the temples’ appearance can now only be gleaned from their detailed miniature versions flanking the entrances.
  - From the central square plan cut-out angular projections create the star effect decorated with the most profuse carvings of animals and deities.
  - So intricate is the carving that it is said, for instance, in the bottom-most frieze featuring a continuous procession of hundreds of elephants with their mahouts, no two elephants are in the same pose.
Incorrect

Solution (d)
- Hoysala temples:
  - The Hoysaleswara temple (Lord of the Hoysalas) at Halebid in Karnataka was built in dark schist stone by the Hoysala king in 1150.
  - Hoysala temples are sometimes called hybrid or Vesara as their unique style seems neither completely Dravida nor nagara, but somewhere in between.
  - They are easily distinguishable from other medieval temples by their highly original star-like ground-plans and a profusion of decorative carvings.
  - Dedicated to Shiva as Nataraja, the Halebid temple is a double building with a large hall for the mandapa to facilitate music and dance.
  - A Nandi pavilion precedes each building. The tower of the temple here and at nearby Belur fell long ago, and an idea of the temples’ appearance can now only be gleaned from their detailed miniature versions flanking the entrances.
  - From the central square plan cut-out angular projections create the star effect decorated with the most profuse carvings of animals and deities.
  - So intricate is the carving that it is said, for instance, in the bottom-most frieze featuring a continuous procession of hundreds of elephants with their mahouts, no two elephants are in the same pose.

Question 11 of 35

11. Question

Which of the following elements are associated with the Dravida style of temples?

Water tank
Multiple Shikharas
Pyramidal Vimana
River goddesses at the entrance of the Garbhagriha
Tall gateways

Which of the statements given above are correct?

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1, 2 and 3 only
c) 1, 3 and 5 only
d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Correct

Solution (c)

Statement 1	Statement 2	Statement 3	Statement 4	Statement 5
Correct	Incorrect	Correct	Incorrect	Correct
It is common to find a large water reservoir, or a temple tank, enclosed within the complex.	The north Indian idea of multiple Shikharas rising together as a cluster was not popular in south India.	Stepped pyramid shaped Shikhara, which rises up geometrically.	At the entrance to the north Indian temple’s Garbhagriha, it would be usual to find images, such as the Mithunas and the river goddesses, Ganga and Yamuna, whereas in the south you will generally find sculptures of the fierce Dwarapala or the door-keepers guarding the temple.	Dravida temples are enclosed within a compound wall. The enclosure wall has a tall entrance gateway, called the Gopuram. There can be multiple Gopurams also.

Incorrect

Solution (c)

Statement 1	Statement 2	Statement 3	Statement 4	Statement 5
Correct	Incorrect	Correct	Incorrect	Correct
It is common to find a large water reservoir, or a temple tank, enclosed within the complex.	The north Indian idea of multiple Shikharas rising together as a cluster was not popular in south India.	Stepped pyramid shaped Shikhara, which rises up geometrically.	At the entrance to the north Indian temple’s Garbhagriha, it would be usual to find images, such as the Mithunas and the river goddesses, Ganga and Yamuna, whereas in the south you will generally find sculptures of the fierce Dwarapala or the door-keepers guarding the temple.	Dravida temples are enclosed within a compound wall. The enclosure wall has a tall entrance gateway, called the Gopuram. There can be multiple Gopurams also.

Question 12 of 35

12. Question

Consider the following statements about the Pala School of Architecture

They built temples in the vanga style.
As they were patrons of Vajrayana Buddhism only Buddhist art was encouraged.
The Siddheswara Mahadeva temple in West Bengal is one of the examples of the Pala style of architecture.

How many of the above statements are correct?

a) Only one
b) Only two
c) All three
d) None

Correct

Solution (b)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

In the Pala School of Architecture, temples were built in the vanga style.

These included Mahavihar, Chaityas, Temples, Terracottas, and Stupas.

As they were patrons of Vajrayana Buddhism, Buddhist art was encouraged but they were tolerant towards Hindus and encouraged temple architecture too.

The Siddheswara Mahadeva temple in West Bengal is one of the examples of the Pala style of architecture.

The curved Shikhara and lancet window of the brick-built medieval Siva temple in Bihar was built by Narayan pala.

Incorrect

Solution (b)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

In the Pala School of Architecture, temples were built in the vanga style.

These included Mahavihar, Chaityas, Temples, Terracottas, and Stupas.

As they were patrons of Vajrayana Buddhism, Buddhist art was encouraged but they were tolerant towards Hindus and encouraged temple architecture too.

The Siddheswara Mahadeva temple in West Bengal is one of the examples of the Pala style of architecture.

The curved Shikhara and lancet window of the brick-built medieval Siva temple in Bihar was built by Narayan pala.

Question 13 of 35

13. Question

Consider the following statements

Provida style of architecture had exquisitely carved pillars and massive solid granite rathas with exceptional carvings and murals on walls.
Provida style of architecture was found during the reign of the Cholas.
Ekambarnatha temple at Kanchipuram is one of the finest examples of Provida style of architecture.

How many of the above statements are correct?

a) Only one
b) Only two
c) All three
d) None

Correct

Solution (b)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Provida style of architecture had exquisitely carved pillars and massive solid granite rathas with exceptional carvings and murals on walls. It had a depiction of animals like horses and elephants on the walls.

Provida style of architecture was found during the reign of the Vijayanagara Empire.

Ekambarnatha temple at Kanchipuram and Vithalswami and Hazara temples at Hampi are examples of Provida style of architecture.

Incorrect

Solution (b)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Provida style of architecture was found during the reign of the Vijayanagara Empire.

Ekambarnatha temple at Kanchipuram and Vithalswami and Hazara temples at Hampi are examples of Provida style of architecture.

Question 14 of 35

14. Question
Consider the following
1. Unao
2. Kumbakonam
3. Arasavalli
Which of the above places are famous for Sun Temples in India?
- a) 1 and 2
- b) 2 and 3
- c) 1 and 3
- d) 1, 2 and 3
Correct

Solution (d)

The famous Sun Temples in India are –
- Sun Temple at Konark, Odisha
- Martand Sun temple, Kashmir
- Katarmal Sun Temple, Uttarakhand
- Dakshinarkaa temple Gaya, Bihar
- Bhramanya temple, Unao, Madhya Pradesh
- Surya Prahaar temple, Assam
- Suryanar Kovil Temple at Kumbakonam in Tamil Nadu
- Suryanarayana temple at Arasavalli, Andhra Pradesh
Incorrect

Solution (d)

The famous Sun Temples in India are –
- Sun Temple at Konark, Odisha
- Martand Sun temple, Kashmir
- Katarmal Sun Temple, Uttarakhand
- Dakshinarkaa temple Gaya, Bihar
- Bhramanya temple, Unao, Madhya Pradesh
- Surya Prahaar temple, Assam
- Suryanar Kovil Temple at Kumbakonam in Tamil Nadu
- Suryanarayana temple at Arasavalli, Andhra Pradesh

Question 15 of 35

15. Question

Consider the following statements about the Panch Rathas temples

They are classified as the Mahendra group of Chola architecture.
The Dharmaraja ratha is the largest structure among the five rathas.
They are designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984.
The structures have no link to the iconic characters of the Mahabharata epic

How many of the above statements are correct?

a) Only one
b) Only two
c) Only three
d) All four

Correct

Solution (c)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3

Statement 4

Incorrect

Correct

Pancha Rathas is a monument complex at Mahabalipuram, on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, in the Kancheepuram district of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Pancha Rathas is an example of monolithic Indian rock-cut architecture. The complex was initially thought to have carved during the reign of King Narasimhavarman I (630–668 CE.) However, historians such as Nagaswamy attributed all of monuments in Mahabalipuram to Narasimhavarman II (c. 690–725 CE) with the discovery of new inscriptions.

The Dharmaraja ratha is the largest structure among the five rathas.

They are designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984.

The monoliths are named after the Pandavas – Arjuna, Bhima, Yudhishthira (“Dharmaraja”), Nakula and Sahadeva – and Draupadi. These names are considered to be a misrepresentation as the structures have no link to the iconic characters of the Mahabharata epic. They have no religious significance either, as they remained unfinished and unconsecrated; the uncut rock parts at the base and top of the rathas are still visible. The ASI confirmed the unfinished nature of the structures and suggested that they instead be referred to as vimanas. However, the Pandava names have become permanent.

Incorrect

Solution (c)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3

Statement 4

Incorrect

Correct

The Dharmaraja ratha is the largest structure among the five rathas.

They are designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984.

Question 16 of 35

16. Question

Regarding Indian Classical Music, consider the following statements

Raga is the basis of rhythm and Tala is the basis of melody.
A Raga is a series of five or more notes which are classified according to the time of day.

Choose the correct code:

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct

Solution (b)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Incorrect

Correct

Raga is the basis of melody and Tala is the basis of rhythm. The term ‘raga’ is derived from the Sanskrit word ‘Ranj,’ which means to delight, make happy, and satisfy someone. The ragas serve as the foundation for the melody, while the tala serves as the foundation for the rhythm.

A Raga is a series of five or more notes which are classified according to the time of day. Each raga’s melodic structure has something in common with the subject’s distinct personality and the mood evoked by the sounds. The basic elements required for the operation of a raga is the note on which it is based. A Raga is a series of five or more notes which are classified according to the time of day.

Ex: Hindol Raga is used during the morning.

Incorrect

Solution (b)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Incorrect

Correct

Ex: Hindol Raga is used during the morning.

Question 17 of 35

17. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Buddhist text ‘Digha Nikaya’

It is a part of Sutta Pitaka.
It was written in the Pali language which mentions the theory of the origin of Kingship.

Choose the correct code:

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct

Solution (c)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Correct

‘Digha Nikaya’ is a part of Sutta Pitaka. It is a Buddhist scripture, the first of the five nikayas, or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka.

It was written in the Pali language which mentions the theory of the origin of Kingship. It points out that in the earliest stage, human beings lived happily. Gradually they began to own private property and set up houses with their wives, and this led to quarrels over property and women. To put an end to such quarrels, they elected a chief who would maintain law and order and protect the people. In return for protection, the people promised to give the chief a part of the paddy. The chief came to be called king, and that is how kingship or the state originated.

Incorrect

Solution (c)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Correct

‘Digha Nikaya’ is a part of Sutta Pitaka. It is a Buddhist scripture, the first of the five nikayas, or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka.

Question 18 of 35

18. Question

Consider the following statements

Aitareya Brahmana which is the first reference to the origin of kingship is a part of Samaveda.
Gayatri Mantra is a part of Rigveda which is composed by Vishwamitra and dedicated to God Savitr.

Choose the correct code:

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct

Solution (b)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Incorrect

Correct

Aitareya Brahmana which is the first reference to the origin of kingship is a part of Rigveda.

Gayatri Mantra is a part of Rigveda which is composed by Vishwamitra and dedicated to God Savitr. It is present in the 3rd Mandala.

Rigveda is the oldest among the four Vedas and is arranged in 10 mandalas.

The first mandala of Rigveda is dedicated to Indra and Agni.

Incorrect

Solution (b)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Incorrect

Correct

Aitareya Brahmana which is the first reference to the origin of kingship is a part of Rigveda.

Gayatri Mantra is a part of Rigveda which is composed by Vishwamitra and dedicated to God Savitr. It is present in the 3rd Mandala.

Rigveda is the oldest among the four Vedas and is arranged in 10 mandalas.

The first mandala of Rigveda is dedicated to Indra and Agni.

Question 19 of 35

19. Question

Consider the following statements about ‘Amuktamalyada’

It is a Telugu epic poem composed by the Vijayanagara Emperor Krishnadevaraya.
It describes the story of the wedding of the Hindu Lord Ranganayaka, an avatar of Vishnu, and Goda Devi or Andal, the Tamil Alvar poet at Srirangam.

Choose the correct code:

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct

Solution (c)

Statement 1	Statement 2
Correct	Correct
Amuktamalyada is a Telugu epic poem composed by the Vijayanagara Emperor Krishnadevaraya. It was composed in the early 16th century.	It describes the story of the wedding of the Hindu Lord Ranganayaka, an avatar of Vishnu, and Goda Devi or Andal, the Tamil Alvar poet at Srirangam.

Incorrect

Solution (c)

Statement 1	Statement 2
Correct	Correct
Amuktamalyada is a Telugu epic poem composed by the Vijayanagara Emperor Krishnadevaraya. It was composed in the early 16th century.	It describes the story of the wedding of the Hindu Lord Ranganayaka, an avatar of Vishnu, and Goda Devi or Andal, the Tamil Alvar poet at Srirangam.

Question 20 of 35

20. Question

Consider the following statements

Natyashastra is a ancient treatise which covers only Indian music and is written by the sage Bharata
Sangeeta-Ratnakara of Sarangadeva is regarded as the definitive text by both the Hindustani music and the Carnatic music traditions.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct

Solution (b)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Incorrect

Correct

Natyashastra is a treatise on ancient Indian music, dance, and drama written by the sage Bharata around the 2nd century BCE. It is considered one of the oldest surviving texts in the world on performing arts. Natyashastra is considered one of the oldest surviving texts in the world on performing arts and has 36 chapters

The 13th century Sanskrit text Sangeeta-Ratnakara of Sarangadeva is regarded as the definitive text by both the Hindustani music and the Carnatic music traditions..

Incorrect

Solution (b)

Statement 1

Statement 2

Incorrect

Correct

The 13th century Sanskrit text Sangeeta-Ratnakara of Sarangadeva is regarded as the definitive text by both the Hindustani music and the Carnatic music traditions..

Question 21 of 35

21. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the National Green Tribunal (NGT):
1. It is a statutory body established under the Environment Protection Act of 1986.
2. Its chairperson is appointed by the central government in consultation with the Chief Justice of India (CJI).
3. An appeal against the decision of the NGT lies to the Supreme Court, generally within ninety days from the date of communication.
4. It deals with civil cases under the Public Liability Insurance Act of 1991 and the Forest (Conservation) Act of 1980.
How many of the above statements are correct?
- a) Only one
- b) Only two
- c) Only three
- d) All four
Correct

Solution (c)
- The National Green Tribunal (NGT) is a statutory body established under the National Green Tribunal Act of 2010. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
- It is set up for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources.
- It has jurisdiction over all civil cases involving substantial questions relating to the environment (including enforcement of any legal right relating to the environment).
- Its chairperson is appointed by the central government in consultation with the Chief Justice of India (CJI). Hence statement 2 is correct.
- It comprises the Chairperson, the Judicial Members, and the Expert Members. They shall hold office for a term of three years or till the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier, and are not eligible for reappointment.
- It is not bound by the procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure 1908 but shall be guided by principles of natural justice.
- An appeal against the decision of the NGT lies to the Supreme Court, generally within ninety days from the date of communication. Hence statement 3 is correct.
- It is mandated to make disposal of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of the filing of the same.
- The NGT has five places of sitting, New Delhi is the principal place of sitting, and Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata, and Chennai are the other four.
- It deals with civil cases under the seven laws – Public Liability Insurance Act of 1991, the Forest (Conservation) Act of 1980, the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974, the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act of 1977, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981, the Environment (Protection) Act of 1986, and the Biological Diversity Act of 2002. Hence statement 4 is correct.
Incorrect

Solution (c)
- The National Green Tribunal (NGT) is a statutory body established under the National Green Tribunal Act of 2010. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
- It is set up for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources.
- It has jurisdiction over all civil cases involving substantial questions relating to the environment (including enforcement of any legal right relating to the environment).
- Its chairperson is appointed by the central government in consultation with the Chief Justice of India (CJI). Hence statement 2 is correct.
- It comprises the Chairperson, the Judicial Members, and the Expert Members. They shall hold office for a term of three years or till the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier, and are not eligible for reappointment.
- It is not bound by the procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure 1908 but shall be guided by principles of natural justice.
- An appeal against the decision of the NGT lies to the Supreme Court, generally within ninety days from the date of communication. Hence statement 3 is correct.
- It is mandated to make disposal of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of the filing of the same.
- The NGT has five places of sitting, New Delhi is the principal place of sitting, and Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata, and Chennai are the other four.
- It deals with civil cases under the seven laws – Public Liability Insurance Act of 1991, the Forest (Conservation) Act of 1980, the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974, the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act of 1977, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981, the Environment (Protection) Act of 1986, and the Biological Diversity Act of 2002. Hence statement 4 is correct.
Question 22 of 35

22. Question
Consider the following statements:
1. A vote-on-account deals only with the expenditure side of the government’s budget.
2. A vote-on-account is passed by the Lok Sabha without discussion and is normally valid for two months.
3. A vote-on-account cannot alter direct taxes since they need to be passed through a finance bill.
How many of the above statements are correct?
- a) Only one
- b) Only two
- c) All three
- d) None
Correct

Solution (c)
- Vote-On-Account is a parliamentary approval for withdrawing money from the Consolidated Fund of India from April to June/July or until the new Government presents its full-fledged budget.
- It can be termed an advance grant, interim arrangement, and authorization for the outgoing government to draw the money from the above-said fund and meet short-term expenditures.
- A vote-on-account deals only with the expenditure side of the government’s budget. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- The Parliament passes a Vote-on-account to meet essential expenditures such as salaries of central government staff, funding of ongoing projects, and other government expenditures.
- A vote-on-account is passed by the Lok Sabha without discussion and is normally valid for two months. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- During election year or when it is anticipated that the main Demands and Appropriation Bill will take longer time than two months, the Vote on Account may be granted for a period exceeding two months.
- A vote-on-account cannot alter direct taxes since they need to be passed through a finance bill. Hence statement 3 is correct.
Incorrect

Solution (c)
- Vote-On-Account is a parliamentary approval for withdrawing money from the Consolidated Fund of India from April to June/July or until the new Government presents its full-fledged budget.
- It can be termed an advance grant, interim arrangement, and authorization for the outgoing government to draw the money from the above-said fund and meet short-term expenditures.
- A vote-on-account deals only with the expenditure side of the government’s budget. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- The Parliament passes a Vote-on-account to meet essential expenditures such as salaries of central government staff, funding of ongoing projects, and other government expenditures.
- A vote-on-account is passed by the Lok Sabha without discussion and is normally valid for two months. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- During election year or when it is anticipated that the main Demands and Appropriation Bill will take longer time than two months, the Vote on Account may be granted for a period exceeding two months.
- A vote-on-account cannot alter direct taxes since they need to be passed through a finance bill. Hence statement 3 is correct.
Question 23 of 35

23. Question
Which of the following are the criteria evolved by the Government of India to determine the declaration of a language as a Classical language?
1. High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 150-200 years.
2. A body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers.
3. The literary tradition be original and not borrowed from another speech community.
How many of the above statements are correct?
- a) Only one
- b) Only two
- c) All three
- d) None
Correct

Solution (b)

Criteria evolved by the Government of India to determine the declaration of a language as a Classical language:
- High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500-2000 years. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
- A body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- The literary tradition be original and not borrowed from another speech community. Hence statement 3 is correct.
The benefits it provides once a language is notified as a Classical language:
- Two major annual international awards for scholars of eminence in classical Indian languages.
- A Centre of Excellence for Studies in Classical Languages is set up.
- The University Grants Commission is requested to create, to start with at least in the Central Universities, a certain number of Professional Chairs for the Classical Languages so declared.
Note: Currently, six languages enjoy the ‘Classical’ status: Tamil (declared in 2004), Sanskrit (2005), Kannada (2008), Telugu (2008), Malayalam (2013), and Odia (2014).
Incorrect

Solution (b)

Criteria evolved by the Government of India to determine the declaration of a language as a Classical language:
- High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500-2000 years. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
- A body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- The literary tradition be original and not borrowed from another speech community. Hence statement 3 is correct.
The benefits it provides once a language is notified as a Classical language:
- Two major annual international awards for scholars of eminence in classical Indian languages.
- A Centre of Excellence for Studies in Classical Languages is set up.
- The University Grants Commission is requested to create, to start with at least in the Central Universities, a certain number of Professional Chairs for the Classical Languages so declared.
Note: Currently, six languages enjoy the ‘Classical’ status: Tamil (declared in 2004), Sanskrit (2005), Kannada (2008), Telugu (2008), Malayalam (2013), and Odia (2014).
Question 24 of 35

24. Question
Consider the following statements about the Tibetan Brown Bear:
1. It is found in Tibet, China, Nepal, and Bhutan.
2. It inhabits alpine forests, meadows, and steppes, close to the tree line.
3. Its sense of smell is much more acute than its hearing and sight.
4. It is listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List.
How many of the above statements are correct?
- a) Only one
- b) Only two
- c) Only three
- d) All four
Correct

Solution (c)

Context: A rare and elusive bear, the Tibetan brown bear, has been recently sighted in Sikkim, making it the first confirmed record of the animal being sighted in India.
- The Tibetan Brown Bear is found in Tibet, China, Nepal, and Bhutan. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- It is also known as the Tibetan blue bear, is one of the rarest subspecies of bears in the world and is rarely sighted in the wild.
- It inhabits alpine forests, meadows, and steppes, close to the tree line. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- They are solitary, but the territories between two Himalayan brown bears have been seen to overlap. They are one of the most terrestrial of the bears.
- It feeds on marmots and alpine vegetation.
- Its sense of smell is much more acute than its hearing and sight. Hence statement 3 is correct.
- It has shaggy, dark brown to black fur, a cream-to-cinnamon face, and a white collar that broadens from the shoulders to the chest.
- It has small ears covered with long black fur.
- It has a lifespan of around 20 to 30 years.
- It is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List. Hence statement 4 is incorrect.
- It is protected under Schedule II of the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and Appendix I of the CITES.
Incorrect

Solution (c)

Context: A rare and elusive bear, the Tibetan brown bear, has been recently sighted in Sikkim, making it the first confirmed record of the animal being sighted in India.
- The Tibetan Brown Bear is found in Tibet, China, Nepal, and Bhutan. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- It is also known as the Tibetan blue bear, is one of the rarest subspecies of bears in the world and is rarely sighted in the wild.
- It inhabits alpine forests, meadows, and steppes, close to the tree line. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- They are solitary, but the territories between two Himalayan brown bears have been seen to overlap. They are one of the most terrestrial of the bears.
- It feeds on marmots and alpine vegetation.
- Its sense of smell is much more acute than its hearing and sight. Hence statement 3 is correct.
- It has shaggy, dark brown to black fur, a cream-to-cinnamon face, and a white collar that broadens from the shoulders to the chest.
- It has small ears covered with long black fur.
- It has a lifespan of around 20 to 30 years.
- It is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List. Hence statement 4 is incorrect.
- It is protected under Schedule II of the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and Appendix I of the CITES.
Question 25 of 35

25. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the FASTags:
1. It is a device that employs Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for making toll payments directly from the customer’s linked prepaid or savings/current account.
2. It can be purchased from any of the National Electronic Toll Collection (NETC) Member Banks.
3. It is not vehicle-specific and it can be transferred from one vehicle to another vehicle.
How many of the above statements are correct?
- a) Only one
- b) Only two
- c) All three
- d) None
Correct

Solution (b)
- The FASTags is a device that employs Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for making toll payments directly from the customer’s linked prepaid or savings/current account. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- It is affixed on the windscreen of the vehicle and enables the customer to drive through toll plazas, without stopping for any toll payments.
- The toll fare is directly deducted from the linked account of the customer.
- It can be purchased from any of the National Electronic Toll Collection (NETC) Member Banks. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- If a FASTag is linked to the prepaid account, then it needs to be recharged/topped up as per the usage of the customer.
- It is vehicle-specific and once it is affixed to a vehicle, it cannot be transferred to another vehicle. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.
Incorrect

Solution (b)
- The FASTags is a device that employs Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for making toll payments directly from the customer’s linked prepaid or savings/current account. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- It is affixed on the windscreen of the vehicle and enables the customer to drive through toll plazas, without stopping for any toll payments.
- The toll fare is directly deducted from the linked account of the customer.
- It can be purchased from any of the National Electronic Toll Collection (NETC) Member Banks. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- If a FASTag is linked to the prepaid account, then it needs to be recharged/topped up as per the usage of the customer.
- It is vehicle-specific and once it is affixed to a vehicle, it cannot be transferred to another vehicle. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.
Question 26 of 35

26. Question
Consider the following statements about the Bhitarkanika National Park:
1. It is the largest mangrove ecosystem in India located in the state of Odisha.
2. It is situated on a delta formed by rivers, namely Brahmani, Baitarani, and Dhamra.
3. Gahirmatha Beach forms the boundary of the park in the east and is the largest colony of Olive Ridley Sea Turtles.
How many of the above statements are correct?
- a) Only one
- b) Only two
- c) All three
- d) None
Correct

Solution (b)
- The Bhitarkanika National Park is the second-largest mangrove ecosystem in India after Sunderbans, located in the state of Odisha. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
- It houses various species of mangroves spread across its forest region, marshy lands, creeks, etc.
- It is situated on a delta formed by rivers, namely Brahmani, Baitarani, and Dhamra. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- Gahirmatha Beach forms the boundary of the park in the east and is the largest colony of Olive Ridley Sea Turtles. Hence statement 3 is correct.
- Bhitarkanika has one of the largest populations of endangered saltwater crocodiles in India.
Incorrect

Solution (b)
- The Bhitarkanika National Park is the second-largest mangrove ecosystem in India after Sunderbans, located in the state of Odisha. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
- It houses various species of mangroves spread across its forest region, marshy lands, creeks, etc.
- It is situated on a delta formed by rivers, namely Brahmani, Baitarani, and Dhamra. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- Gahirmatha Beach forms the boundary of the park in the east and is the largest colony of Olive Ridley Sea Turtles. Hence statement 3 is correct.
- Bhitarkanika has one of the largest populations of endangered saltwater crocodiles in India.
Question 27 of 35

27. Question
Consider the following statements about the Panama Canal:
1. It is a natural waterway that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean.
2. It was built by the United States and is owned and administered by the United States.
Choose the correct code:
- a) 1 only
- b) 2 only
- c) Both 1 and 2
- d) Neither 1 nor 2
Correct

Solution (d)
- The Panama Canal is an artificial waterway that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. It is approximately 80 kilometers long. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
- It is one of the two most strategic artificial waterways in the world, the other being the Suez Canal.
- The canal was built by the United Statesbetween 1904 and 1914, and it was officially opened on August 15, 1914.
- It is owned and administered by the Republic of Panamasince the oversight of the Canal was transferred from the United States to Panama in 1999. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
Incorrect

Solution (d)
- The Panama Canal is an artificial waterway that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. It is approximately 80 kilometers long. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
- It is one of the two most strategic artificial waterways in the world, the other being the Suez Canal.
- The canal was built by the United Statesbetween 1904 and 1914, and it was officially opened on August 15, 1914.
- It is owned and administered by the Republic of Panamasince the oversight of the Canal was transferred from the United States to Panama in 1999. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
Question 28 of 35

28. Question
Consider the following statements:
1. Paramyrothecium indicum is a new species of phytopathogenic bacteria.
2. Phytopathogen fungi are responsible for serious plant diseases which might negatively affect crop productivity.
3. Fungi include the yeasts, rusts, smuts, mildews, molds, and mushrooms.
How many of the above statements are correct?
- a) Only one
- b) Only two
- c) All three
- d) None
Correct

Solution (b)
- Paramyrothecium indicum is a new species of phytopathogenic fungus. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
- Most of Paramyrothecium are phytopathogens.
- Phytopathogen fungi are responsible for serious plant diseases which might negatively affect crop productivity. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- Paramyrothecium leaf spots are a type of fungal disease that can affect a variety of plants.
- Fungi include the yeasts, rusts, smuts, mildews, molds, and mushrooms. Hence statement 3 is correct.
- They are eukaryotic organisms, i.e., their cells contain membrane-bound organelles and clearly defined nuclei.
- Fungi usually reproduce both sexually and asexually.
Incorrect

Solution (b)
- Paramyrothecium indicum is a new species of phytopathogenic fungus. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
- Most of Paramyrothecium are phytopathogens.
- Phytopathogen fungi are responsible for serious plant diseases which might negatively affect crop productivity. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- Paramyrothecium leaf spots are a type of fungal disease that can affect a variety of plants.
- Fungi include the yeasts, rusts, smuts, mildews, molds, and mushrooms. Hence statement 3 is correct.
- They are eukaryotic organisms, i.e., their cells contain membrane-bound organelles and clearly defined nuclei.
- Fungi usually reproduce both sexually and asexually.
Question 29 of 35

29. Question
Consider the following statements about Guru Gobind Singh:
1. He founded the Sikh warrior community called Khalsa in 1699.
2. He was engaged in the Battle of Bhangani and the Battle of Anandpur.
3. His famous literary works are Jaap Sahib and the Tav-Prasad Savaiye.
How many of the above statements are correct?
- a) Only one
- b) Only two
- c) All three
- d) None
Correct

Solution (c)
- Guru Gobind Singh founded the Sikh warrior community called Khalsa in 1699. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- He introduced the Five Ks, the five articles of faith that Khalsa Sikhs wear at all times. These are Kesh: uncut hair, Kangha: a wooden comb, Kara: an iron or steel bracelet worn on the wrist, Kirpan: a sword, and Kacchera: short breeches.
- He was the 10th and last human Guru of the Sikhs.
- Born as Gobind Rai on December 22, 1666, in Patna, Bihar, Guru Gobind Singh was the son of the ninth Guru of Sikhism, Guru Teg Bahadur.
- He became the spiritual and temporal leader of the Sikhs on November 11, 1675, at the age of nine, following the martyrdom of his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, at the hands of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in 1675.
- He was engaged in the Battle of Bhangani, the Battle of Nadaun, the Battle of Anandpur, the Battle of Chamkaur, the Battle of Muktsar, and the Battle of Khidrana. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- His birth anniversary is called Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti, and his death anniversary is called Guru Gaddi Diwas.
- His famous literary works are the Benti Chaupai, Jaap Sahib, and the Tav-Prasad Savaiye. Hence statement 3 is correct.
- He further codified Sikh law, wrote martial poetry and music, and was the reputed author of the Sikh work called the Dasam Granth (“Tenth Volume”).
Incorrect

Solution (c)
- Guru Gobind Singh founded the Sikh warrior community called Khalsa in 1699. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- He introduced the Five Ks, the five articles of faith that Khalsa Sikhs wear at all times. These are Kesh: uncut hair, Kangha: a wooden comb, Kara: an iron or steel bracelet worn on the wrist, Kirpan: a sword, and Kacchera: short breeches.
- He was the 10th and last human Guru of the Sikhs.
- Born as Gobind Rai on December 22, 1666, in Patna, Bihar, Guru Gobind Singh was the son of the ninth Guru of Sikhism, Guru Teg Bahadur.
- He became the spiritual and temporal leader of the Sikhs on November 11, 1675, at the age of nine, following the martyrdom of his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, at the hands of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in 1675.
- He was engaged in the Battle of Bhangani, the Battle of Nadaun, the Battle of Anandpur, the Battle of Chamkaur, the Battle of Muktsar, and the Battle of Khidrana. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- His birth anniversary is called Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti, and his death anniversary is called Guru Gaddi Diwas.
- His famous literary works are the Benti Chaupai, Jaap Sahib, and the Tav-Prasad Savaiye. Hence statement 3 is correct.
- He further codified Sikh law, wrote martial poetry and music, and was the reputed author of the Sikh work called the Dasam Granth (“Tenth Volume”).
Question 30 of 35

30. Question
Consider the following statements about the Jagannath Temple:
1. It is dedicated to Lord Jagannath, a form of the Hindu deity Vishnu.
2. It is called ‘Yamanika Tirtha’ and is built in the style of Kalinga architecture.
3. Ratha Yatra is a Hindu festival associated with Lord Jagannath held at Puri in Odisha.
How many of the above statements are correct?
- a) Only one
- b) Only two
- c) All three
- d) None
Correct

Solution (c)
- The Jagannath Temple is dedicated to Lord Jagannath, a form of the Hindu deity Vishnu. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- It is located in Puri, Odisha. It is believed to have been built during the reign of King Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva, of the Eastern Ganga dynasty, in the 12th century.
- It is called ‘Yamanika Tirtha’ and is built in the style of Kalinga architecture.
- It is called ‘Yamanika Tirtha’ where, according to Hindu beliefs, the power of ‘Yama’, the god of death, has been nullified in Puri due to the presence of Lord Jagannath.
- Kaḷinga architecture is a style that flourished in the ancient Kalinga previously known as Utkal and in the present-day eastern Indian state of Odisha. The style consists of three distinct types of temples – Rekha Deula, Pidha Deula, and Khakhara Deula. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- Ratha Yatra is a Hindu festival associated with Lord Jagannath held at Puri in Odisha. Hence statement 3 is correct.
- It commemorates Jagannath’s annual visit to Gundicha Temple via Mausi Maa Temple (aunt’s home) near Balagandi Chaka, Puri.
- The most famous Rath Yatra festival begins on the second day of the bright half of the lunar month of Ashadha (June–July) and lasts for nine days.
Incorrect

Solution (c)
- The Jagannath Temple is dedicated to Lord Jagannath, a form of the Hindu deity Vishnu. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- It is located in Puri, Odisha. It is believed to have been built during the reign of King Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva, of the Eastern Ganga dynasty, in the 12th century.
- It is called ‘Yamanika Tirtha’ and is built in the style of Kalinga architecture.
- It is called ‘Yamanika Tirtha’ where, according to Hindu beliefs, the power of ‘Yama’, the god of death, has been nullified in Puri due to the presence of Lord Jagannath.
- Kaḷinga architecture is a style that flourished in the ancient Kalinga previously known as Utkal and in the present-day eastern Indian state of Odisha. The style consists of three distinct types of temples – Rekha Deula, Pidha Deula, and Khakhara Deula. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- Ratha Yatra is a Hindu festival associated with Lord Jagannath held at Puri in Odisha. Hence statement 3 is correct.
- It commemorates Jagannath’s annual visit to Gundicha Temple via Mausi Maa Temple (aunt’s home) near Balagandi Chaka, Puri.
- The most famous Rath Yatra festival begins on the second day of the bright half of the lunar month of Ashadha (June–July) and lasts for nine days.
Question 31 of 35

31. Question
The ratio of the number of Rs. 2 coins and Rs. 5 coins that Ajay has is 6:11. If the number of Rs. 5 coins is halved than he will have an amount of Rs. 790. How many Rs. 2 coins does Ajay have?
- a) 84
- b) 108
- c) 120
- d) 220
Correct

Solution (c)

Let Rs. 2 coins and Rs. 5 coins be 6x and 11x respectively

Then, 6x * 2 + (11x/2) * 5 = 790

24x + 55x = 790 * 2

79x = 790 * 2

X = 20

Thus, Rs. 2 coins = 6 * 20 = Rs. 120

Incorrect

Solution (c)

Let Rs. 2 coins and Rs. 5 coins be 6x and 11x respectively

Then, 6x * 2 + (11x/2) * 5 = 790

24x + 55x = 790 * 2

79x = 790 * 2

X = 20

Thus, Rs. 2 coins = 6 * 20 = Rs. 120
Question 32 of 35

32. Question
A container contains 40 litres of milk. From this container 4 litres of milk was taken out and replaced by water. This process was repeated further two times. How much milk is now contained by the container?
- a) 36 litres
- b) 32.4 litres
- c) 29.16 litres
- d) 28 litres
Correct

Solution (c)

It is given in the question that a container contains 40 litres of milk. Then, it is said that 4 litres of milk was taken out and replaced by water. This process was repeated two more times which means that a total of three times the process was done. Now, after the third time, we have to find out how much milk is remaining in the container. So, let us find the amount of milk remaining step by step, so after every process we will find out the milk to water ratio.

After the first process, that is after replacing 4 litres of milk with 4 litres of water, we get (40 – 4) = 36 litres of milk and 4 litres of water in the container.

So, the milk to water ratio is 36:4 that is 9:1.

For the second process, we have a mixture of milk and water, so we will take out 4 litres of the mixture which has the ratio 9:1, that is it has 9 parts of milk and 1 part of water. So, 4 litres of the mixture contains 3.6 litres of milk and 0.4 litres of water. So, after taking the mixture out and replacing it with 4 litres of water, the remaining amount of milk is (36 – 3.6) = 32.4 litres and the amount of water is (3.6 + 4) = 7.6 litres. So, the milk to water ratio is 32.4:7.6 in the container.

Now for the third process, 4 litres of the mixture is taken out which has the ratio 32.4:7.6, so it contains 3.24 litres of milk and 0.76 litres of water. So, after taking the mixture out and adding 4 litres of water, the amount of milk = (32.4 – 3.24) = 29.16 litres.

Therefore, we get the amount of milk remaining in the container as 29.16 litres.

Incorrect

Solution (c)

It is given in the question that a container contains 40 litres of milk. Then, it is said that 4 litres of milk was taken out and replaced by water. This process was repeated two more times which means that a total of three times the process was done. Now, after the third time, we have to find out how much milk is remaining in the container. So, let us find the amount of milk remaining step by step, so after every process we will find out the milk to water ratio.

After the first process, that is after replacing 4 litres of milk with 4 litres of water, we get (40 – 4) = 36 litres of milk and 4 litres of water in the container.

So, the milk to water ratio is 36:4 that is 9:1.

For the second process, we have a mixture of milk and water, so we will take out 4 litres of the mixture which has the ratio 9:1, that is it has 9 parts of milk and 1 part of water. So, 4 litres of the mixture contains 3.6 litres of milk and 0.4 litres of water. So, after taking the mixture out and replacing it with 4 litres of water, the remaining amount of milk is (36 – 3.6) = 32.4 litres and the amount of water is (3.6 + 4) = 7.6 litres. So, the milk to water ratio is 32.4:7.6 in the container.

Now for the third process, 4 litres of the mixture is taken out which has the ratio 32.4:7.6, so it contains 3.24 litres of milk and 0.76 litres of water. So, after taking the mixture out and adding 4 litres of water, the amount of milk = (32.4 – 3.24) = 29.16 litres.

Therefore, we get the amount of milk remaining in the container as 29.16 litres.
Question 33 of 35

33. Question
A pie chart gives the expenditure on five different items A, B, C, D, E in a household. If B, C, D, E correspond to 75 °, 55 °, 80 °, 50 ° respectively, then what is the percentage of expenditure on item A?
- a) 112/9
- b) 125/6
- c) 155/9
- d) 250/9
Correct

Solution (d)

A pie chart corresponds to 360 °

Items B, C, D and E correspond to 75 °, 55 °, 80 °, 50 ° respectively on the pie chart.

Angle corresponding to A in the pie chart = 360° – (75 °+ 55 °+ 80 °+ 50 °) = 100°

So, percentage expenditure of the household on item A = (100/360) * 100 = 250/9 %

Incorrect

Solution (d)

A pie chart corresponds to 360 °

Items B, C, D and E correspond to 75 °, 55 °, 80 °, 50 ° respectively on the pie chart.

Angle corresponding to A in the pie chart = 360° – (75 °+ 55 °+ 80 °+ 50 °) = 100°

So, percentage expenditure of the household on item A = (100/360) * 100 = 250/9 %
Question 34 of 35

34. Question
If N and x are positive integers such that N^N = 2^160 and N^2 + 2^N is an integral multiple of 2^x, then the largest possible x is
- a) 12
- b) 10
- c) 13
- d) 11
Correct

Solution (b)

Given that N and X are positive integers such that N^N = 2¹⁶⁰ and N² + 2^N is an integral multiple of 2^x
Now we have to find the largest possible value for x
N^N = 2¹⁶⁰
We can rewrite this 2¹⁶⁰ as (2^p)^q
such that 2^p = N = q
pq = 160

We can try by substituting p and q with 2 and 80 respectively
(2²)⁸⁰ = 4⁸⁰
This doesn’t work so we can try by substituting p and q with 4 and 40 respectively
(2⁴)⁴⁰ = 16⁴⁰
This also doesn’t work so now we can substitute p and q with 5 and 32 respectively
Such that (2⁵)³² = 32³²

Now we can say that N = 32
N² + 2^N ⟹ 32² + 2³² = 2^x × k (where k is the integral multiple)
N² + 2^N ⟹ 2¹⁰ + 2³² = 2^x × k since 32² = (2⁵)²
N² + 2^N ⟹ 2¹⁰ (1 + 2²²) = 2^x × k
This (1 + 2²²) is an odd number so the number is going to be 2¹⁰ × multiple of the odd number
Hence the largest power of 2 can be 10 i.e. 2¹⁰
X_max = 10
The largest possible x is 10

The question is “If N and x are positive integers such that N^N = 2¹⁶⁰ and N² + 2^N is an integral multiple of 2^x, then the largest possible x is 10

Hence, the answer is 10

Incorrect

Solution (b)

Given that N and X are positive integers such that N^N = 2¹⁶⁰ and N² + 2^N is an integral multiple of 2^x
Now we have to find the largest possible value for x
N^N = 2¹⁶⁰
We can rewrite this 2¹⁶⁰ as (2^p)^q
such that 2^p = N = q
pq = 160

We can try by substituting p and q with 2 and 80 respectively
(2²)⁸⁰ = 4⁸⁰
This doesn’t work so we can try by substituting p and q with 4 and 40 respectively
(2⁴)⁴⁰ = 16⁴⁰
This also doesn’t work so now we can substitute p and q with 5 and 32 respectively
Such that (2⁵)³² = 32³²

Now we can say that N = 32
N² + 2^N ⟹ 32² + 2³² = 2^x × k (where k is the integral multiple)
N² + 2^N ⟹ 2¹⁰ + 2³² = 2^x × k since 32² = (2⁵)²
N² + 2^N ⟹ 2¹⁰ (1 + 2²²) = 2^x × k
This (1 + 2²²) is an odd number so the number is going to be 2¹⁰ × multiple of the odd number
Hence the largest power of 2 can be 10 i.e. 2¹⁰
X_max = 10
The largest possible x is 10

The question is “If N and x are positive integers such that N^N = 2¹⁶⁰ and N² + 2^N is an integral multiple of 2^x, then the largest possible x is 10

Hence, the answer is 10
Question 35 of 35

35. Question
In the following number series only one number is wrong. Find out the wrong number.

3, 12, 8, 19, 13, 32, 18, 42, 23, 52
- a) 12
- b) 19
- c) 42
- d) 32
Correct

Solution (b)

The sequence is a combination of following two series: (I) 3, 8, 13, 18, 23 and (II) 12, 19, 32, 42, 52 The pattern in (I) has a constant difference of +5 and the pattern in (II) has a constant difference of +10. So, in (II), 19 is wrong and should be replaced by (12+10), i.e., 22.

Incorrect

Solution (b)

The sequence is a combination of following two series: (I) 3, 8, 13, 18, 23 and (II) 12, 19, 32, 42, 52 The pattern in (I) has a constant difference of +5 and the pattern in (II) has a constant difference of +10. So, in (II), 19 is wrong and should be replaced by (12+10), i.e., 22.

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