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The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2025 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2025.
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In context of rural development, a campaign named ‘BHARAT’ was launched under which of the following scheme?
Solution (a)
Explanation:
Solution (a)
Explanation:
With respect to the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), consider the following statements:
Which of the statements above is/are correct?
Solution (d)
Explanation:
The Weather Information Network and Data System (WINDS) is an initiative under PMFBY. It involves the establishment of a network of Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) and Automatic Rain-Gauges (ARG) to collect hyper-local weather data. This data supports accurate crop yield estimation and risk assessment, enhancing the effectiveness of the insurance scheme. (Statement 3 is correct)
Solution (d)
Explanation:
The Weather Information Network and Data System (WINDS) is an initiative under PMFBY. It involves the establishment of a network of Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) and Automatic Rain-Gauges (ARG) to collect hyper-local weather data. This data supports accurate crop yield estimation and risk assessment, enhancing the effectiveness of the insurance scheme. (Statement 3 is correct)
Consider the following statements with reference to the Regional Connectivity Scheme
– UDAN:
Which of the statements above is/are correct?
Solution (a)
Explanation:
Solution (a)
Explanation:
With regards to the Jan Shikshan Sansthan scheme, which of the statements below is correct?
Solution (c)
Explanation:
JSSs are reaching to the unreached areas to cater the needs of the poorest of the poor. They work at the door step of the beneficiaries with a minimum infrastructure and resources.
Solution (c)
Explanation:
JSSs are reaching to the unreached areas to cater the needs of the poorest of the poor. They work at the door step of the beneficiaries with a minimum infrastructure and resources.
With respect to the ADITI Scheme, consider the following statements:
Which of the statements above is/are correct?
Solution (a)
Explanation:
Solution (a)
Explanation:
Consider the following statements with respect to Central Silk Board (CSB):
How many of the statements above are correct?
Solution (a)
Explanation:
Solution (a)
Explanation:
Recently, the Aadhaar Good Governance portal was launched by which of the following ministry?
Solution (c)
Explanation:
Solution (c)
Explanation:
Consider the following statements:
Which of the statements above is/are correct?
Solution (d)
Explanation:
PMMSY is designed to address critical gaps in fish production and productivity, quality, technology, post-harvest infrastructure and management, modernization and strengthening of the value chain, traceability, establishing a robust fisheries management framework, and fishers’ welfare. (Statement 3 is correct)
Solution (d)
Explanation:
PMMSY is designed to address critical gaps in fish production and productivity, quality, technology, post-harvest infrastructure and management, modernization and strengthening of the value chain, traceability, establishing a robust fisheries management framework, and fishers’ welfare. (Statement 3 is correct)
Frequently seen in news, the SWAYATT initiative is related to:
Solution (d)
Explanation:
Under SWAYATT, a special Startup Runway was created on GeM to help startups showcase innovative products and services to government buyers. (Option (d) is correct)
Solution (d)
Explanation:
Under SWAYATT, a special Startup Runway was created on GeM to help startups showcase innovative products and services to government buyers. (Option (d) is correct)
Consider the following statements:
How many of the statements above are correct?
Solution (c)
Explanation:
Solution (c)
Explanation:
With respect to the PM SVANidhi, consider the following statements:
Which of the statements above is/are correct?
Solution (a)
Explanation:
Solution (a)
Explanation:
Mission Amrit Sarovar was launched in April 2022 to:
Solution (c)
Explanation:
Solution (c)
Explanation:
The Market Intervention Scheme (MIS) is important initiative under which of the following scheme?
Solution (a)
Explanation:
e-NAM is an online trading platform that connects agricultural markets across India, allowing farmers to sell their produce at competitive prices.
Solution (a)
Explanation:
e-NAM is an online trading platform that connects agricultural markets across India, allowing farmers to sell their produce at competitive prices.
Consider the following:
Which of the above verticals are part of the Pradhan Mantri Aways Yojana-Urban (PMAY-U)?
Solution (d)
Explanation:
In-Situ Slum Redevelopment (ISSR) aims to rehabilitate slum dwellers by using land as a resource in collaboration with private developers. It ensures that slum residents are provided formal housing with better living conditions. (Option (d) is correct)
Solution (d)
Explanation:
In-Situ Slum Redevelopment (ISSR) aims to rehabilitate slum dwellers by using land as a resource in collaboration with private developers. It ensures that slum residents are provided formal housing with better living conditions. (Option (d) is correct)
With regards to the Pradhan Mantri Anusuchit Jaati Abhyuday Yojana (PM-AJAY), consider the following statements:
How many of the statements above are the objectives of the PM-AJAY Scheme?
Solution (b)
Explanation:
PM-AJAY has provisions to increase educational access for SC students, including the development of residential schools and hostels. The scheme supports literacy programs and ensures higher enrollment of SC students in quality educational institutions. (Statement 3 is correct)
Solution (b)
Explanation:
PM-AJAY has provisions to increase educational access for SC students, including the development of residential schools and hostels. The scheme supports literacy programs and ensures higher enrollment of SC students in quality educational institutions. (Statement 3 is correct)
Consider the following states:
Which of the states given above is covered under the Atal Bhujal Yojana?
Solution (d)
Explanation:
Solution (d)
Explanation:
Consider the following statements with respect to the Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maandhan:
Which of the statements above is/are correct?
Solution (d)
Explanation:
Solution (d)
Explanation:
Recently seen in news, the Mission on Advanced and High-Impact Research (MAHIR) is an initiative related to:
Solution (a)
Explanation:
Solution (a)
Explanation:
Recently seen in news, the ‘Mana Mitra’ initiative, which aims to enhance governance through WhatsApp, was launched in which of the following state?
Solution (c)
Explanation:
Services include obtaining certificates, paying bills, and booking services, all accessible through the designated WhatsApp number. (Option (c) is correct)
Solution (c)
Explanation:
Services include obtaining certificates, paying bills, and booking services, all accessible through the designated WhatsApp number. (Option (c) is correct)
With respect to the Pradhan Mantri Adi Adarsh Gram Yojana, consider the following statements:
Which of the statements above is/are correct?
Solution (a)
Explanation:
Solution (a)
Explanation:
Recently, which of the following Indian manuscripts have been added to the UNESCO Memory of the World (MoW) Register in 2025?
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Solution (c)
Context:
Explanation:
Bhagavad Gita, attributed to Vyasa. Hence, option c is the correct answer.
Solution (c)
Context:
Explanation:
Bhagavad Gita, attributed to Vyasa. Hence, option c is the correct answer.
Consider the following statements about Talle Valley Wildlife Sanctuary, seen in news recently:
Which of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
Context:
Explanation:
The sanctuary is home to the Apatani tribe, known for their unique customs, traditions, and handicrafts. It has a stunning spectrum of subtropical and alpine forests like silver fir trees, ferns, orchids, bamboo, and rhododendron. Pleioblastus simone is a bamboo variety only found in Talley Valley. It is also home to several medicinal plants and herbs used by the local tribes for traditional medicine. Hence, statements 2 and 3 are correct.
Solution (c)
Context:
Explanation:
The sanctuary is home to the Apatani tribe, known for their unique customs, traditions, and handicrafts. It has a stunning spectrum of subtropical and alpine forests like silver fir trees, ferns, orchids, bamboo, and rhododendron. Pleioblastus simone is a bamboo variety only found in Talley Valley. It is also home to several medicinal plants and herbs used by the local tribes for traditional medicine. Hence, statements 2 and 3 are correct.
Consider the following statements about People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA):
Which of the above statements are correct?
Solution (a)
Context:
Explanation:
PETA is based in Norfolk, Virginia, United States, with entities worldwide. It opposes speciesism, a human-supremacist worldview, and focuses on the four areas in which the largest numbers of animals suffer the most intensely for the longest periods of time: in laboratories, in the food industry, in the clothing trade, and in the entertainment business. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.
Solution (a)
Context:
Explanation:
PETA is based in Norfolk, Virginia, United States, with entities worldwide. It opposes speciesism, a human-supremacist worldview, and focuses on the four areas in which the largest numbers of animals suffer the most intensely for the longest periods of time: in laboratories, in the food industry, in the clothing trade, and in the entertainment business. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.
Consider the following statements about Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), seen in news recently:
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Solution (c)
Context:
Explanation:
It is a rare brain disorder that leads to dementia. It belongs to a group of human and animal diseases known as prion disorders, also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Symptoms of CJD can be similar to those of Alzheimer’s disease. But CJD usually gets worse much faster and leads to death. All types of CJD are serious but are very rare. About 1 to 2 cases of CJD are diagnosed per million people around the world each year. The disease most often affects older adults. Hence, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Solution (c)
Context:
Explanation:
It is a rare brain disorder that leads to dementia. It belongs to a group of human and animal diseases known as prion disorders, also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Symptoms of CJD can be similar to those of Alzheimer’s disease. But CJD usually gets worse much faster and leads to death. All types of CJD are serious but are very rare. About 1 to 2 cases of CJD are diagnosed per million people around the world each year. The disease most often affects older adults. Hence, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Consider the following statements about Thangjing Hills, which was in news recently:
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Solution (b)
Context:
Explanation:
It is believed by Manipuris to be the abode of Thangching, the ancestral deity of Moirang. It is considered a sacred site by the Meitei community, who traditionally visit it throughout the Manipur month of ‘Sajibu’ which generally falls in April. In the Meitei cosmology, the “body” of Manipur is represented with various natural features of the land, including the Thangjing hill as its right leg. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Solution (b)
Context:
Explanation:
It is believed by Manipuris to be the abode of Thangching, the ancestral deity of Moirang. It is considered a sacred site by the Meitei community, who traditionally visit it throughout the Manipur month of ‘Sajibu’ which generally falls in April. In the Meitei cosmology, the “body” of Manipur is represented with various natural features of the land, including the Thangjing hill as its right leg. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Tuti island, seen in news recently, is located in?
Solution (d)
Context:
Explanation:
Solution (d)
Context:
Explanation:
Etalin Hydroelectric Project, seen in news recently is located in?
Solution (d)
Context:
Explanation:
Solution (d)
Context:
Explanation:
With reference to International Maritime Bureau (IMB), which was in news recently, consider the following statements:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Context:
Explanation:
Solution (b)
Context:
Explanation:
With reference to Dal Lake, which was in news recently, consider the following statements:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
Context:
Explanation:
It is also known as the Lake of Flowers. The shoreline of the lake, which is about 15.5 kilometres (9.6 mi), is encompassed by a boulevard lined with Mughal-era gardens, parks, houseboats, and hotels. It has an average depth of almost 5 ft and a maximum depth of 20 ft. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
Solution (c)
Context:
Explanation:
It is also known as the Lake of Flowers. The shoreline of the lake, which is about 15.5 kilometres (9.6 mi), is encompassed by a boulevard lined with Mughal-era gardens, parks, houseboats, and hotels. It has an average depth of almost 5 ft and a maximum depth of 20 ft. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
Consider the following statements about PM Vidyalaxmi Scheme, which was in news recently:
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Solution (c)
Context:
Explanation:
There is no upper limit on the amount of education loan you can get under the PM Vidyalakshmi scheme. It will depend on course fees and other fees charged by the QHEI and other associated expenses like mess, hostel fees, other refundable and non-refundable fees of the institution, the cost of a reasonable-quality laptop, and a reasonable amount of living expenses required by the student during the course period. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Solution (c)
Context:
Explanation:
There is no upper limit on the amount of education loan you can get under the PM Vidyalakshmi scheme. It will depend on course fees and other fees charged by the QHEI and other associated expenses like mess, hostel fees, other refundable and non-refundable fees of the institution, the cost of a reasonable-quality laptop, and a reasonable amount of living expenses required by the student during the course period. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Tushar was travelling to Mumbai from Delhi. When he left Delhi on Friday noon, his watch was slow by 2 minutes. He took rest at Gwalior and got to know that his watch showed correct time at that time. He reached Mumbai at 2 P.M. on the following Friday and saw that his watch is 4 minutes 48 seconds fast. If the watch gains uniformly, then when did he reach Gwalior?
Solution (a)
Explanation:
Time from 12 P.M. on Friday to 2 P.M. on the following Friday = 7 days + 2 hours = 170 hours.
Time that the watch gained in 170 hours = 2 + 4 + (48/60) = 34/5 minutes
Now, the watch gains (34/5) minutes in 170 hours
∴ The watch gains 1 minute in 170 / (34/5) hours
∴ The watch gains 2 minutes in (170 × 5 × 2)/ 34 = 50 hours
Hence the watch will show correct time after 50 hours or 2 days and 2 hours.
Hence, the watch was correct on Friday + 2 days and 2 hours = Sunday 2 p.m.
Hence, he reached Gwalior at 2 P.M. on Sunday.
Hence, option (a) is correct.
Solution (a)
Explanation:
Time from 12 P.M. on Friday to 2 P.M. on the following Friday = 7 days + 2 hours = 170 hours.
Time that the watch gained in 170 hours = 2 + 4 + (48/60) = 34/5 minutes
Now, the watch gains (34/5) minutes in 170 hours
∴ The watch gains 1 minute in 170 / (34/5) hours
∴ The watch gains 2 minutes in (170 × 5 × 2)/ 34 = 50 hours
Hence the watch will show correct time after 50 hours or 2 days and 2 hours.
Hence, the watch was correct on Friday + 2 days and 2 hours = Sunday 2 p.m.
Hence, he reached Gwalior at 2 P.M. on Sunday.
Hence, option (a) is correct.
If Dipti runs at 30 kmph, she reaches her office 17 minutes late, But, when she runs at 40 kmph, she gets late only by 5 minutes. What is the time taken by her to cover the journey in the case wherein she reaches the office on time?
Solution (b)
Explanation:
Let the time taken by her to cover the journey (wherein she reaches the office on time) be x minutes.
When Dipti runs at 30 kmph, she takes (x + 17) minutes.
So, Distance = 30(x + 17)/60 km
When she runs at 40 kmph, she takes (x + 5) minutes.
So, Distance = 40(x + 5)/60 km
Distance is the same in both the cases.
So, 30(x + 17)/60 = 40(x + 5)/60
Or 30x + 510 = 40x + 200
Or 310 = 10x
Or x = 31 minutes
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
Solution (b)
Explanation:
Let the time taken by her to cover the journey (wherein she reaches the office on time) be x minutes.
When Dipti runs at 30 kmph, she takes (x + 17) minutes.
So, Distance = 30(x + 17)/60 km
When she runs at 40 kmph, she takes (x + 5) minutes.
So, Distance = 40(x + 5)/60 km
Distance is the same in both the cases.
So, 30(x + 17)/60 = 40(x + 5)/60
Or 30x + 510 = 40x + 200
Or 310 = 10x
Or x = 31 minutes
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
Directions for the following 3 (three) items:
Read the following three passages and answer the items that follow each passage. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.
Passage
Light is the most important external factor affecting sleep. While most people intuitively know that it’s easier to sleep when it’s dark, the link between light and sleep goes much deeper. Light plays a central role in regulating circadian rhythm, the body’s internal clock that signals when to be alert and when to rest. Light also affects the production of melatonin, an essential sleep-promoting hormone. Daily light exposure, including the type of light we see as well as when and how long we’re exposed to it, has a critical effect on sleep. Learning about the complex links between light and sleep allows you to set up your bedroom to be more conducive to consistent, high-quality sleep.
Q.33) Which of the following statements best reflects the crux of the passage?
Solution (c)
Explanation:
Option (a) is incorrect: The given option is not correct because what people should do for better regulation of circadian rhythm is not the main theme of the passage. This could be a rational inference but not the crux, because the passage focuses on light and its importance for sleep and circadian rhythm as seen in the lines “Light plays a central role in regulating circadian rhythm, the body’s internal clock that signals when to be alert and when to rest.”.
Option (b) is incorrect: The line “Light also affects the production of melatonin, an essential sleep promoting hormone”, shows that melatonin helps in sleep. The connection of melatonin with circadian rhythm is not a part of the passage. Moreover, the passage focuses more on light and its importance for sleep and circadian rhythm. Hence, this is not the best crux of the passage.
Option (c) is correct: The given option best captures the essence as it mentions the central theme of the passage which is the importance of light. The lines “Light plays a central role in regulating circadian rhythm, the body’s internal clock that signals when to be alert and when to rest. Light also affects the production of melatonin, an essential sleep-promoting hormone. …. Learning about the complex links between light and sleep allows you to set up your bedroom to be more conducive to consistent, high quality sleep.”, show that light regulates sleep and circadian rhythm. Hence, this is the best crux of the passage.
Option (d) is incorrect: The context of nightlife culture and dark light is not a part of the passage. The main theme of the passage is how light affects sleep and circadian rhythm. Therefore, this option is beyond the scope of the passage and is not the correct crux.
Solution (c)
Explanation:
Option (a) is incorrect: The given option is not correct because what people should do for better regulation of circadian rhythm is not the main theme of the passage. This could be a rational inference but not the crux, because the passage focuses on light and its importance for sleep and circadian rhythm as seen in the lines “Light plays a central role in regulating circadian rhythm, the body’s internal clock that signals when to be alert and when to rest.”.
Option (b) is incorrect: The line “Light also affects the production of melatonin, an essential sleep promoting hormone”, shows that melatonin helps in sleep. The connection of melatonin with circadian rhythm is not a part of the passage. Moreover, the passage focuses more on light and its importance for sleep and circadian rhythm. Hence, this is not the best crux of the passage.
Option (c) is correct: The given option best captures the essence as it mentions the central theme of the passage which is the importance of light. The lines “Light plays a central role in regulating circadian rhythm, the body’s internal clock that signals when to be alert and when to rest. Light also affects the production of melatonin, an essential sleep-promoting hormone. …. Learning about the complex links between light and sleep allows you to set up your bedroom to be more conducive to consistent, high quality sleep.”, show that light regulates sleep and circadian rhythm. Hence, this is the best crux of the passage.
Option (d) is incorrect: The context of nightlife culture and dark light is not a part of the passage. The main theme of the passage is how light affects sleep and circadian rhythm. Therefore, this option is beyond the scope of the passage and is not the correct crux.
Passage
Interactive systems are more than just functional. If we hope to engage more effectively with our users, user experience is crucial. To create successful user experiences, we need to know how humans think and feel. But there is more to thought than just rational, conscious deliberation. Many of our decisions and feelings are based on complex subconscious processes. And not everyone thinks in precisely the same way. There are differences in the levels of multi-tasking people might be comfortable with, or for example, the extent to which their learning styles are visual versus aural, kinaesthetic and so on. As designers, it will also help to understand human error and how emotion affects our interactions.
Q.34) Which one of the following statements best reflects the crux of the passage?
Solution (d)
Explanation:
Option (a) is incorrect: As per the passage, “Interactive systems are more than just functional.” So, we need to keep in mind some other things too, not just the functional requirements. It does not mean that functional requirements can be ignored. So, the given option is not the correct crux of the passage. Option (b) is incorrect: The statement, though true, covers only a minor aspect of the topic that the passage is discussing. So, this is not the best crux of the passage.
Option (c) is incorrect: The context of multi-tasking is used in a limited context in the passage in describing the various types of users. Hence, this is not the best crux of the passage.
Option (d) is correct: The lines from the passage “To create successful user experiences, we need to know how humans think and feel. But there is more to thought than just rational, conscious deliberation” and “As designers, it will also help to understand human error and how emotion affects our interactions”, support the given statement. So, this option best captures the essence of the passage and is the best crux.
Solution (d)
Explanation:
Option (a) is incorrect: As per the passage, “Interactive systems are more than just functional.” So, we need to keep in mind some other things too, not just the functional requirements. It does not mean that functional requirements can be ignored. So, the given option is not the correct crux of the passage. Option (b) is incorrect: The statement, though true, covers only a minor aspect of the topic that the passage is discussing. So, this is not the best crux of the passage.
Option (c) is incorrect: The context of multi-tasking is used in a limited context in the passage in describing the various types of users. Hence, this is not the best crux of the passage.
Option (d) is correct: The lines from the passage “To create successful user experiences, we need to know how humans think and feel. But there is more to thought than just rational, conscious deliberation” and “As designers, it will also help to understand human error and how emotion affects our interactions”, support the given statement. So, this option best captures the essence of the passage and is the best crux.
Study the question and the three statements given below. Question: What is the total compound interest earned at the end of 3 years?
Statements:
Which of the statements given above is/are necessary to answer the question?
Solution (c)
Explanation:
According to the question, among the girls, Tanu is at 4th position from the beginning and 6th position from the end.
So, Total number of girls = (6 + 4) – 1 = 9
Among the boys, Atul is at 7th position from the beginning and 24th position from the end.
So, Total number of boys = (24 + 7) – 1 = 30
So, Total number of children = 30 + 9 = 39
Hence, option (c) is the right answer.
Solution (c)
Explanation:
According to the question, among the girls, Tanu is at 4th position from the beginning and 6th position from the end.
So, Total number of girls = (6 + 4) – 1 = 9
Among the boys, Atul is at 7th position from the beginning and 24th position from the end.
So, Total number of boys = (24 + 7) – 1 = 30
So, Total number of children = 30 + 9 = 39
Hence, option (c) is the right answer.
All the Best
IASbaba
