Computation Analysis of Indian Genes published

Computation Analysis of Indian Genes published

Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Science and Technology 

In news

• Recently, the results from the computation analysis of the 1029 sequenced genomes from India were published in the scientific journal, Nucleic Acid Research.
• The analysis was carried out by CSIR constituent labs, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi and Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad.
• The analysis has found that out of approximately 55.8 million single nucleotide variants in India, around 18.01 million (32.23%) variants are unique and found only in the samples sequenced from India.
• Thus, India-centric population genomic initiative becomes important.

Important value additions 

Genome

• A genome is all the genetic matter in an organism. 
• It is defined as an organism’s complete set of DNA including all of its genes.
• Every organism’s genetic code is contained in its DNA, the building blocks of life.
• Each genome contains all of the information needed to build and maintain that organism.
• In humans, a copy of the entire genome contains more than 3 billion DNA base pairs.

Genome sequencing

• It means figuring out the order of Adenine, Cytosine, Guanines, and Thymine (DNA nucleotides) in a genome
• Application: (1) Crucial role for new advancements in medical science; (2) In disease management; (3) Researchers and clinicians can easily detect the disease related to genetic disorder.
• The study of entire genome sequences will help understand how genes work together to direct the growth, development and maintenance of an entire organism.
• The genes account for less than 25% of the DNA in the Genome. Thus, knowing the entire genome sequence will help scientists study the parts of the genome outside the genes.