UPSC Quiz – 2021 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2nd September 2021

Solution (b)

Freedom of Movement: This freedom under Article 19 of the Constitution of Indiaentitles every citizen to move freely throughout the territory of the country. He can move freely from one state to another or from one place to another within a state. This right underline the idea that India is one unit so far as the citizens are concerned. Thus, the purpose is to promote national feeling and not parochialism.

The grounds of imposing reasonable restrictions on this freedom are two, namely, the interests of general public and the protection of interests of any scheduled tribe. The entry of outsiders in tribal areas is restricted to protect the distinctive culture, language, customs and manners of scheduled tribes and to safeguard their traditional vocation and properties against exploitation

The freedom of movement has two dimensions, viz, internal (right to move inside the country) and external (right to move out of the country and right to come back to the country). Article 19 protects only the first dimension. The second dimension is dealt by Article 21 (right to life and personal liberty).

Freedom of Residence: Every citizen has the right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of the country. This right has two parts: (a) the right to reside in any part of the country, which means to stay at any place temporarily, and (b) the right to settle in any part of the country, which means to set up a home or domicile at any place permanently.

This right is intended to remove internal barriers within the country or between any of its parts. This promotes nationalism and avoids narrow mindedness.

The State can impose reasonable restrictions on the exercise of these right on two grounds, namely, the interest of general public and the protection of interests of any scheduled tribes. The right of outsiders to reside and settle in tribal areas is restricted to protect the distinctive culture, language, customs and manners of scheduled tribes and to safeguard their traditional vocation and properties against exploitation. In many parts of the country, the tribals have been permitted to regulate their property rights in accordance with their customary rules and laws.

Article Link: Person cannot be denied right to reside, move freely throughout country on flimsy grounds: SC

Solution (a)

Article 280 of the Constitution of India provides for a Finance Commission as a quasi judicial body. It is constituted by the president of India every fifth year or at such earlier time as he considers necessary.

The Finance Commission is required to make recommendations to the president of India on the following matters:

1. The distribution of the net proceeds of taxes to be shared between the Centre and the states, and the allocation between the states of the respective shares of such proceeds.
2. The principles that should govern the grants-in-aid to the states by the Centre (i.e., out of the consolidated fund of India).
3. The measures needed to augment the consolidated fund of a state to supplement the resources of the panchayats and the municipalities in the state on the basis of the recommendations made by the state finance commission.
4. Any other matter referred to it by the president in the interests of sound finance.

The commission submits its report to the president. He lays it before both the Houses of Parliament along with an explanatory memorandum as to the action taken on its recommendations.

Article Link: 15th Finance Commission Recommends Rs 1.42 Lakh Cr To Panchayats For Water & Sanitation

Solution (b)

Small finance banks are financial institutions that provide financial services to the country’s underserved and unbanked areas. They are registered as a public limited company under the Companies Act, 2013. These banks, like other commercial banks, can engage in all basic banking activities, such as issuing credit cards, lending and accepting time deposits such as fixed deposit and recurring deposit.

Small finance banks are established with the goal of increasing financial inclusion by (1) providing savings vehicles and (2) providing credit to small businesses, small and marginal farmers, micro and small industries, and other unorganised sector entities through high-tech, low-cost operations.

Article Link: Two more entities apply for SFB licence

Solution (d)

BCG, or bacille Calmette-Guerin, is a vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) disease.

BCG is used in many countries with a high prevalence of TB to prevent childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary disease.

Currently, BCG is the only licensed vaccine available for the prevention of TB.

In children, BCG provides strong protection against severe forms of TB. This protective effect is far more variable in adolescents and adults, ranging from 0–80%.

Article Link: BCG vaccine: 100 years and counting

Solution (c)

Pashmina comes from an animal fibre Cashmere, derived from the Changthangi goat of Ladakh. It is well known for its warmth, lightweight, and softness in addition to its characteristic dye absorbing property. 

Pashmina has been accredited by the Guinness Book of World Records for being the costliest cloth in the world (after a ban imposed on Shahtoosh – the fibre produced by the Tibetan Antelope). The reason for being world-renowned is the diameter of each Cashmere thread, which is just 12-16 microns. The human hair has an average diameter of 50 microns, and that makes Cashmere fibre equal to one-fourth of a human hair.

Article Link: New initiative in J&K to restore lost glory of Pashmina shawls