[DAY 41] 60 DAY RAPID REVISION (RaRe) SERIES for UPSC Prelims 2022 – SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, CURRENT AFFAIRS & CSAT; Test Series, Videos & Notes!

Which of the following is/are correctly matched?

Vision Defect                                                           Correction Lens

1. Myopia                                                                      Bifocal lens
2. Hypermetropia                                                       Convex lens
3. Presbyopia                                                               Concave lens

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Which among the following could be considered as examples of Refraction of light?

Consider the following statements regarding image formation by eye:

1. The size of the pupil is controlled by the iris.
2. The lens focuses light on a layer called retina.
3. The impression of an image vanishes immediately from the retina.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

Even when an electric heater is allowed to run for a long time, its temperature does not increase infinitely. This is because:

The rocket’s action is to push down on the ground with the force of its powerful engines, and the reaction is that the ground pushes the rocket upwards with an equal force. This is an example of which of the following?

With reference to nuclear fission, consider the following statements:

1. It is an exothermic reaction releasing huge amount of energy as gamma rays.
2. Spontaneous fission is a type of radioactive decay.
3. The enormous energy released in an atom bomb comes from uncontrolled fission.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding radioactive emissions:

1. The alpha particle is actually an electron created in the nucleus during beta decay without any relationship to the orbital electron cloud of the atom.
2. The beta particle is actually the nucleus of a helium-4 atom, with two positive charges 4/2He.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding applications of radioisotopes:

1. Iodine-131 is used to treat thyroid disorders. (Graves’s disease).
2. Iron-55 is used to analyze electroplating solutions and to detect the presence of sulphur in the air.
3. Radium-226 makes lighting rods more effective.
4. Strontium-85 is used to study bone formation and metabolism.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Which of the following are properties of superconductivity?

1. Zero resistance to electrical current.
2. Diamagnetism

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding NANOGrav:

1. NANOGrav stands for North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves.
2. NANOGrav members are drawn from across the United States and Canada.
3. NANOGrav uses the Galaxy itself to detect gravitational waves with the help of objects called pulsars.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding National Atomic Timescale:

1. It is a timescale used for measuring the time within the range of a nanosecond with an accuracy level of 28 Nanosecond.
2. Atomic Time measures the actual length of a second.
3. Cesium-133 is used as an indicator to measure atomic time.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements about ‘Raman effect’:

1. Raman effect is process of scattering of light particles by molecules of a medium due to a change in the wavelength of light as it enters the medium.
2. National Science Day is celebrated every year to commemorate the announcement of the discovery of Raman effect.
3. V Raman won the Nobel Prize in Physics for Raman effect.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

With reference to Electromagnetic waves, consider the following statements:

1. Electromagnetic waves are produced when an electric field comes in contact with the magnetic field.
2. Electromagnetic waves differ from mechanical waves in that they always need a medium to propagate.
3. They are classified according to their frequency or according to their wavelength.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to conducting property of materials, consider the following statements:

1. The conductivity of the semiconductor increases with the decrease in temperature.
2. Superconductors are materials that carry electrical current with zero or negligible electrical resistance.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to proton therapy, consider the following statements:

1. It is a type of radiation therapy which uses protons to treat cancer.
2. In this therapy, protons do not exit the target tumor and the healthy tissue stays unaffected.
3. The positive charge on a proton is equal in magnitude to the negative charge on an electron.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements:

1. Helium is an odorless and non-toxic noble gas.
2. The liquified Helium is obtained by cooling the gas to -270 degrees Celsius.
3. It is used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and semiconductors manufacturing.
4. India is a net exporter of helium gas with abundant resource at Aravalli hill region.

Which of the following statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the to ‘Ultrasound’, consider the following statements:

1. Frequencies higher than 20 kHz are called ultrasonic sound.
2. Dolphins and Bats produce ultrasound.
3. Ultrasonic waves are used in echocardiography (ECG).

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the ‘Electromagnetic Induction’, consider the following statements:

1. It is the production of induced current in a region where the magnetic field changes with time.
2. The direction of the induced current is given by the Ohm’s law.
3. A generator works on the basis of electromagnetic induction.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

The 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics went to a trio who created weather system models and found ways to spot patterns, and make predictions about weather and climate. Who among the following was not a member of this trio?

Consider the following applications in the Indian context:

1. High precision flood risk mapping even up to the accuracy of nanometres.
2. Detecting track faults in the railway’s lines.
3. Conducting oil and gas exploration surveys.
4. Determining the 3D structure of the forests.

Which of the following surveillance system(s) is best suited for above mentioned applications?

Consider the following statements regarding ‘Inter-operable Criminal Justice Project (ICJS)’

1. Ministry of Law and Justice has approved implementation of ICJS project Phase II as a Central Sector Scheme
2. Phase-I was built on the principle of ‘one data one entry’ whereby data is entered only once in one pillar and same is available on all other pillars
3. E-Committee of the Supreme Court will be responsible for the implementation of ICJS in association with National Informatics Center

Choose the correct statement(s) using the code given below

With respect to the latest guidelines regarding ‘Extended Producer Responsibility’, consider the following statements

1. The guidelines allow for the sale and purchase of surplus extended producer responsibility certificates
2. The producers, importers and brand-owners (PIBO) have to provide the details of recycling certificates from registered recyclers only
3. They were notified under the provisions of Environment Protection Act,1986

Choose the correct statement(s) using the code given below

Consider the following statements

1. The term ‘virtual digital assets’ is defined in the Income Tax Act
2. Finance Act proposed to tax any income from transfer of any virtual digital asset at 25%

Select the correct statement(s)

‘White Cheeked Macaque’ is found in

Consider the following statements regarding ‘Official Secrets Act (1923)’

1. The act defines ‘official secrets’ and lays down the procedure for prosecution
2. Right to Information Act (RTI) may supersede official secrets act in some circumstances

Select the correct statements

Vani who is the sister-in-law of Ashwin, is the daughter-in-law of Kavya. Dheeraj is the father of Sudhir who is the only brother of Ashwin. How Kavya is related to Ashwin?

B and C are siblings. M has two children and he is son of E, who is father-in-law of H. H has only one son. C is not granddaughter of E. How is B related to E

In a family of 8 members, there are only two married couples and only married couples have children. Shanvi is the elder sister of Sam, who is married to Sita. Charvi is the only daughter of Suman, who is the nephew of Shanvi. Sourav is the brother-in-law of Shri, who does not belong to the first generation. It is to be assumed that wife is younger than his husband. Sita is the grandmother of Sana. Who among the following belongs to first generation?

1. Sana
2. Charvi
3. Sahil

Choose the correct answer using the code given below

Abhishek said – “This girl is the wife of the grandson of my mother”. How is Abhishek related to the girl?

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow each passage. Your answer to these questions should be based on passage only.

Over the last few days, Delhi residents have been protesting against the government’s approval for felling over 14,000 trees in south Delhi. Faced with severe criticism, the National Buildings Construction Corporation, tasked with redeveloping half a dozen south Delhi colonies, assured the Delhi High Court that no trees would be cut for the project till July 4, which is temporary relief. Many of the trees proposed to be felled are mature, local, fruit-bearing ones that provide clean air, shade and water recharge to humans and are homes to many birds. These areas of Delhi have served as the “lungs” of the city. However, the project reports overlook these qualities.

Large constructions have been difficult to manage in India. The sector has systematically lobbied to be excluded from the environmental norms of the country and has been successful in carving out special privileges for itself in the environment clearance process. From 2006, most construction projects have been approved based on an application form instead of detailed assessment reports. In 2014, schools, colleges and hostels for educational institutions were exempted from taking environment clearances as long as they followed specific sustainability parameters. In 2016, projects with areas of less than 20,000 sq m were permitted to proceed as long as they submitted a self-declaration ensuring adherence to environmental norms. As a result of these privileges, construction projects contribute significantly to urban air and noise pollution and high water consumption in cities. Compensatory afforestation taken up in lieu of trees felled by projects is a failure due to poor survival rates of saplings and no monitoring. Yet all regulatory bodies treat large constructions with kid gloves.

The Minister for Urban Development has stated that this public campaign is misinformed. But that is far from the truth. In a literate, urban society that has high access to the Internet, the lack of official information on urban development and its impacts can only be understood as an indirect form of public silencing. There are no public hearings held for urban construction projects, and governments assume that citizens have nothing to say about them. Since Delhi is ruled by so many agencies, you can run from pillar to post and still not have a clue about who is in charge of what. The residents are now appealing to the government to embrace inclusive ways of redesigning the city. The governments could join hands by committing to review these projects.

Q.30) Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the claim that compensatory afforestation has been a failure?

1. Saplings planted have a poor survival rate.
2. There is inadequate monitoring of the afforestation done.
3. The funds provided are adequate to cover the areas as well as look after them.

Choose the correct code