Monkey Pox

In News: A case detected in United Kingdom

• Health authorities in the United Kingdom have confirmed a case of monkey pox, in an individual who recently travelled to that country from Nigeria

Monkey Pox

• It is a rare viral infection similar to smallpox
• Monkeypox is a zoonosis, that is, a disease that is transmitted from infected animals to humans.
• 

Monkeypox virus

• The monkeypox virus is an orthopoxvirus, which is a genus of viruses that also includes the variola virus, which causes smallpox, and vaccinia virus, which was used in the smallpox vaccine.
• Monkeypox continues to occur in a swathe of countries in Central and West Africa
• According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), two distinct clade are identified: the West African clade and the Congo Basin clade, also known as the Central African clade

Transmission

• Monkeypox is a zoonosis
• Monkeypox virus infection has been detected in squirrels, Gambian poached rats, dormice, and some species of monkeys.
• Human-to-human transmission is limited
• Transmission can be through contact with bodily fluids, lesions on the skin or on internal mucosal surfaces, such as in the mouth or throat, respiratory droplets and contaminated objects

Symptoms

• Monkey pox begins with a fever, headache, muscle aches, back ache, and exhaustion.
• It also causes the lymph nodes to swell (lymphadenopathy), which smallpox does not.

Treatment

• There is no safe, proven treatment for monkeypox yet. The WHO recommends supportive treatment depending on the symptoms.

Source: Indian Express

Q.1) Which of the following statements is not correct?

1. Hepatitis B virus is transmitted much like HIV
2. Hepatitis B, unlike Hepatitis C, does not have a vaccine
3. Globally, the number of people infected with Hepatitis B and C viruses are several times more than those infected with HIV
4. Some of those infected with Hepatitis B and C viruses do not show the symptoms for many years