UPSC Quiz – 2023 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 26th October 2023

·       It provides the apex court with a special and extraordinary power and is meant to provide justice to litigants who have suffered traversed illegality or injustice in the course of legal proceedings.

·       Article 142(1) states that “The Supreme Court in the exercise of its jurisdiction, may pass such decree or make such order as is necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it, and any decree so passed or order so made shall be enforceable throughout the territory of India in such manner as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament and, until provision in that behalf is so made, in such manner as the President may by order prescribe”.

·       If a legislative enactment seeks to make unenforceable the decree or order of the Supreme Court made under Article 142, in relation to the cause and the parties between whom it was made, such law would be void for contravening Article 142

·       Babri Masjid Case: The article was used in the Ram Janmabhoomi-Babri Masjid land dispute case and was instrumental in the handover of the disputed land to a trust to be formed by the union government.

·       Bhopal Gas Tragedy: The SC invoked its plenary powers in the Union Carbide vs Union Govt case and intervened to provide compensation to victims of the deadly Bhopal Gas Tragedy.

OECD

·       It is an international organisation of 38 countries committed to democracy and the market economy.

·       Its members are typically democratic countries that support free-market economies.

·       It was established on Dec. 14, 1960, by 18 European nations, plus the United States and Canada.

·       Goal: To shape policies that foster prosperity, equality, opportunity and well-being for all.

·       It publishes economic reports, statistical databases, analyses, and forecasts on the outlook for economic growth worldwide.

·       The organization also seeks to eliminate bribery and other financial crime worldwide.

·       It maintains a so-called “black list” of nations that are considered uncooperative tax havens.

·       India is one of the many non-member economies with which the OECD has working relationships in addition to its member countries.

·       In terms of nationalities, 0.13 million Indian citizens acquired the nationality of an OECD country in 2021.

·       Inflows of refugees from Ukraine reached the highest level on record, OECD-wide, due to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war; more than 10 million people have become either internally displaced or refugees in the OECD region.

·       In terms of workers, migration flows from India (+172 per cent), Uzbekistan (+122 per cent) and Turkey (+240 per cent) rose sharply, making them primary countries of origin after Ukraine.

·       The website provides a digital platform for necessary information and updates on this initiatives and highlights the registration process for ginners to produce Kasturi Cotton Bharat Brand.

·       All the ginners in the country have been empowered to produce Kasturi Cotton Bharat brand as per stipulated protocol.

·       It is a dormant supervolcano.

·       It was formed by a super-eruption about 760,000 years ago that blasted 140 cubic miles of magma, covering much of east-central California in hot ash that was blown as far away as present-day Nebraska.

·       It has been unleashing earthquake swarms on a regular basis since 1978, raising concerns that it might be at risk of erupting.

What is Caldera?

·       It is a depression created after a volcano releases the majority of the contents of its magma chamber in an explosive eruption.

·       Without any structural support below, the land around the erupting volcanic vent or vents collapses inwardly, creating the bowl-shaped caldera.

·       A caldera-causing eruption is the most devastating type of volcanic eruption.

·       These are formed by the inward collapse of a volcano.

·       Calderas may have parts of their sides missing because land collapses unevenly.

·       Loss and Damage refers to impacts of climate change that cannot be avoided either by mitigation or adaptation.

·       In the 1990s, the Alliance of Small Island States, began calling for the establishment of a loss and damage fund.

·       The G-77 (India is part of the group) and China had called for the immediate creation of an L&D fund at COP 27 which was agreed.

·       There is still no clear affirmation on which entity should oversee the fund, who should pay and which countries would be eligible to receive funding.