Ethics Theory, TLP-UPSC Mains Answer Writing
Q.2. As governments increasingly adopt AI-based tools in decision-making processes, objectivity is both amplified and challenged. Analyse the impact of AI on objectivity in ensuring ethical governance. (150 words, 10 marks)
Introduction
Objectivity means making decisions based on facts and without bias. The NITI Aayog’s “Responsible AI for All” report (2021) emphasizes that AI must ensure transparency, fairness, and inclusiveness to support ethical and unbiased governance.
Body
Impact of AI on objectivity : Amplification
- Algorithmic precision: AI delivers consistent, data-based decisions, curbing arbitrariness. Example: PM-KISAN’s AI filtered out fake beneficiaries.
- Efficiency in public service: AI automates verification and delivery. Example: Aadhaar-based DBT systems improved subsidy targeting.
- Transparency: Dashboards powered by AI enable real-time governance. Example: Andhra Pradesh’s RTGS portal shares live data with citizens.
- Predictive accuracy: AI anticipates trends and enables timely responses. Example: Telangana’s dropout prediction tool reduced absenteeism.
- Scalability of fairness: Uniform standards can be implemented widely. Example: AI in crop insurance ensures impartial claim assessments.
Impact of AI on objectivity : Challenges
- Data biases: AI may reflect systemic discrimination, unfairly targeting certain groups. Example: Delhi Police’s AI misidentified minorities, raising concerns over bias.
2. Opacity of algorithms: Black-box models hinder public trust and accountability. Example: COVID vaccine scoring lacked transparency, causing confusion.
3. Lack of human oversight: Over-reliance on AI can produce unfair outcomes. Example: UK’s A-level algorithm faced public rejection due to perceived bias.
4. Exclusion errors: Automated tools risk marginalizing the poor and vulnerable. Example: Jharkhand’s AI-linked ration cuts excluded many deserving people.
5. Weak accountability: Ambiguity in AI errors causes governance lapses and confusion. Example: Aadhaar-linked failures sparked debate on responsibility and oversight.
Conclusion
AI must not replace human ethics but reinforce them. Objectivity in governance must be human-led, algorithm-assisted, and constitutionally grounded.
