Ethics Theory, TLP-UPSC Mains Answer Writing
Q. 4. India’s strength lies in its pluralism and diversity, but these are increasingly under strain. Critically analyse. Suggest suitable measures to preserve and promote India’s pluralistic ethos. (250 words, 15 marks)
Introduction
India is a land of immense pluralism, with over 120 languages, various faiths, and vibrant regional identities coexisting. This diversity is the foundation of India’s unity. However, changing social dynamics and global trends have posed new challenges to this pluralistic fabric.
Body
Indian Pluralalism and Diversity
Emerging Strains on Pluralism and Diversity
- Social Divides and Misunderstandings: Growing differences in belief and lifestyle sometimes lead to social tension. Example: The 2020 Northeast Delhi riots reflected how misinformation and polarised narratives can disturb communal harmony.
- Linguistic Concerns and Regional Sensitivities: At times, regional cultures and languages feel underrepresented. Example: The anti-Hindi protests in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka reflect concerns over preserving linguistic identity.
- Declining Inter-community Engagement: Urbanisation and digital lifestyles reduce personal interaction across groups. Example: In several metros like Bengaluru and Mumbai, gated communities often form along linguistic or cultural lines.
- Pressure on Artistic and Cultural Expression: Some creative works face challenges when touching upon sensitive issues. Example: Protests around the release of films like “Padmaavat” and “Lipstick Under My Burkha” illustrate sensitivities in artistic narratives.
- Spread of Misinformation: Social media can rapidly spread unverified content, leading to confusion and mistrust. Example: Fake news on WhatsApp groups has been linked to several mob violence cases, like in Maharashtra’s Dhule district in 2018.
- Limited Representation of Marginal Voices: Certain communities seek better participation in institutions and media. Example: The demand for DNT (Denotified Tribes) representation and inclusion in public discourse is an ongoing issue.
However, India’s pluralism remains vibrant and visible in many ways, showing that its inclusive fabric continues to hold strong.
Signs of Vibrant Pluralism
- Peaceful Democratic Transitions: Power changes at the centre and states often happen peacefully across diverse regions. Example: Voter participation across states and communities reflects trust in democratic institutions.
- Cultural Festivals Celebrated Nationwide: People from different faiths often celebrate each other’s festivals. Example: Holi, Eid, Christmas, and Pongal see wide participation beyond religious boundaries.
- Cross-community Educational Institutions: Schools and colleges continue to host students from varied backgrounds. Example: Central universities and coaching institutions foster unity through shared learning.
- Constitutional Safeguards Actively Invoked: Courts and citizens regularly turn to constitutional rights to protect diversity.
Measures to Preserve and Promote Pluralistic Ethos
- Reaffirming Constitutional Values through Education: Promoting equality, liberty, and fraternity in schools and society. Example: Curriculum encouraging appreciation of all cultures can foster mutual respect from a young age.
- Promoting Inter-community Dialogue: Creating spaces for conversations among people of different backgrounds. Example: Community initiatives like interfaith festivals and youth exchange programmes help build trust.
- Supporting Regional Cultures and Languages: Encouraging local art, language, and traditions through policy and platforms. Example: Schemes like Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat foster cross-cultural learning among states.
- Responsible Digital Communication: Promoting digital literacy and verification of content to prevent misunderstandings. Example: Initiatives encouraging fact-checking and civil dialogue on social media are gaining ground.
- Encouraging Inclusive Media and Storytelling: Ensuring diverse narratives are represented across platforms. Example: Regional cinema, multilingual publications, and inclusive journalism are key steps forward.
- Grassroots and Civic Engagement: Strengthening local harmony efforts and inclusive development. Example: Peace-building workshops, cultural melas, and shared development projects promote unity on the ground.
Conclusion
India’s unity through diversity remains one of its greatest achievements. As highlighted in the India Justice Report 2022, nurturing pluralism requires balanced policies, community effort, and mutual respect across all segments.
