Discuss the salient features of the Vijayanagara school of art and architecture. How did it reflect the socio-cultural and religious milieu of its time? (10 marks, 150 words)
Critically analyze the causes and consequences of the 1975 Emergency in India. How did it shape India’s democratic institutions? (10 marks, 150 words)
Discuss the importance of mangroves in India’s coastal geography and their role in protecting coastal communities. (10 marks, 150 words)
Discuss the economic and administrative causes of the Revolt of 1857. Why is it often referred to as the ‘First War of Indian Independence’? (10 marks, 150 words)
Social movements act as catalysts for social transformation. Discuss this statement with suitable examples from environmental and women’s movements in India. (10 marks, 150 words)
What are the major post-drift theories that rejuvenated scientific interest in understanding the distribution of oceans and continents? (10 marks, 150 words)
With NEP 2020 placing renewed emphasis on the three-language formula in education, critically evaluate its impact on national unity in India’s linguistically diverse society. (10 marks, 150 words)
Explain how the rock cycle leads to the formation of metamorphic rocks. Describe the different types of metamorphism with suitable examples. (10 marks, 150 words)
How does regionalism manifest in Indian society? Discuss its causes and implications for national integration. (10 marks, 150 words)
“Our Earth is a playfield for two opposing groups of geomorphic processes.” Discuss. (10 marks, 150 words)
What factors led to the Green Revolution and Operation Flood in India? Examine their socio-economic impact. (15 marks, 250 words)
Trace the rise of fascism and Nazism in interwar Europe and explain how they contributed to the outbreak of World War II. (15 marks, 250 words)
Discuss the social reform initiatives of the colonial state and critically analyse their impact on reform movements and political awakening in India. (15 marks, 250 words)
Discuss the changing nature of the institution of family in India with reference to industrialization and urbanization. (15 marks, 250 words)
Examine how early feminist voices and social reformers in 19th-century India challenged patriarchy and caste discrimination. Discuss their key contributions and assess their role in shaping modern Indian society. (15 marks, 250 words)
Discuss the political developments from the Government of India Act, 1935 to the Cabinet Mission Plan and explain how they led to India’s Independence and Partition in 1947. (15 marks, 250 words)
The legacy of the Chola dynasty offers a civilisational blueprint for modern India. Critically examine the Cholas’ contributions to India’s cultural, administrative, and maritime history. (15 marks, 250 words)
Discuss the changing nature of India’s middle class in recent decades. How have these shifts influenced social values and political behaviour in the country? (15 marks, 250 words)
Critically analyze the spatial clustering of India’s IT and automobile. How do physical geography and policy frameworks shape these clusters? (15 marks, 250 words)
Dalit and Adivasi women in India face triple discrimination based on caste, gender, and class. Discuss its causes, social impact and steps to be taken for their empowerment. (15 marks, 250 words)
