IASbaba Daily Prelims Quiz
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The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative.
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
Consider the following with respect to ‘Bubble Baby Syndrome’
- Bubble Baby Syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the immune system.
- The child inherits the syndrome from mother only.
- The potential cure for the disease can be stem cell transplantation.
Select the correct statement(s)
Correct
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Incorrect Correct ‘Bubble baby syndrome,’ known medically as Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is very rare genetic disorder that causes life-threatening problems with the immune system. It is a type of primary immune deficiency.
Autosomal Recessive: This is the most common pattern, affecting around 70% of SCID cases. In this scenario, a child inherits a faulty copy of the same gene from both parents, who may not exhibit any symptoms themselves if they carry only one faulty copy. This means the risk of SCID for subsequent children born to the same parents is 25% with each pregnancy. Treatment: The most common treatment is a stem cell transplant (also called a bone marrow transplant). This means the child receives stem cells from a donor. The hope is that these new cells will rebuild the child’s immune system.
Context: A two-month-old girl with bubble baby syndrome underwent bone marrow transplant (BMT) in Mumbai recently.
Incorrect
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Incorrect Correct ‘Bubble baby syndrome,’ known medically as Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is very rare genetic disorder that causes life-threatening problems with the immune system. It is a type of primary immune deficiency.
Autosomal Recessive: This is the most common pattern, affecting around 70% of SCID cases. In this scenario, a child inherits a faulty copy of the same gene from both parents, who may not exhibit any symptoms themselves if they carry only one faulty copy. This means the risk of SCID for subsequent children born to the same parents is 25% with each pregnancy. Treatment: The most common treatment is a stem cell transplant (also called a bone marrow transplant). This means the child receives stem cells from a donor. The hope is that these new cells will rebuild the child’s immune system.
Context: A two-month-old girl with bubble baby syndrome underwent bone marrow transplant (BMT) in Mumbai recently.
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
With reference to ‘Radiocarbon dating’, consider the following statements
Statement 1- Radiocarbon dating is a method used to determine the age of organic materials by measuring the decay of the isotope carbon-14.
Statement 2- Isotopes are variants of a chemical element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
Correct
Solution (b)
Statement Analysis:
- Radiocarbon dating harness the power of a special atom, carbon-14, we can determine the age of organic materials with remarkable accuracy, from ancient artifacts to fossilized bones.
- Deep within the swirling storms of our Sun, cosmic rays collide with nitrogen atoms, producing carbon-14, a special variant of the common carbon element. This cosmic carbon gets mixed with regular carbon in the atmosphere and eventually finds its way into living things through photosynthesis.
- But carbon-14 isn’t eternal. It steadily decays into nitrogen-14 at a known and constant rate. This “radioactive decay” acts like a clock ticking inside every living organism. When an organism dies, the uptake of fresh carbon-14 stops, and the existing carbon-14 gradually dwindles.
- By measuring the remaining amount of carbon-14 in an object, scientists can estimate its age. The less carbon-14 present, the older the object. It’s like peering into a cosmic hourglass, where the sand slowly trickles down, revealing the passage of time.
Applications and Impacts:
- Date ancient artifacts and monuments, from Egyptian pyramids to Viking ships.
- Understand past climates and environmental changes.
- Trace the migration patterns of ancient populations.
- Date and assess the impact of past human activities.
Context: It appeared in ‘The Hindu’ explained section
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Statement Analysis:
- Radiocarbon dating harness the power of a special atom, carbon-14, we can determine the age of organic materials with remarkable accuracy, from ancient artifacts to fossilized bones.
- Deep within the swirling storms of our Sun, cosmic rays collide with nitrogen atoms, producing carbon-14, a special variant of the common carbon element. This cosmic carbon gets mixed with regular carbon in the atmosphere and eventually finds its way into living things through photosynthesis.
- But carbon-14 isn’t eternal. It steadily decays into nitrogen-14 at a known and constant rate. This “radioactive decay” acts like a clock ticking inside every living organism. When an organism dies, the uptake of fresh carbon-14 stops, and the existing carbon-14 gradually dwindles.
- By measuring the remaining amount of carbon-14 in an object, scientists can estimate its age. The less carbon-14 present, the older the object. It’s like peering into a cosmic hourglass, where the sand slowly trickles down, revealing the passage of time.
Applications and Impacts:
- Date ancient artifacts and monuments, from Egyptian pyramids to Viking ships.
- Understand past climates and environmental changes.
- Trace the migration patterns of ancient populations.
- Date and assess the impact of past human activities.
Context: It appeared in ‘The Hindu’ explained section
-
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
With reference to ‘Pangolins’ consider the following statements
- The IUCN red list status of Indian Pangolin is critically endangered.
- The IUCN red list status of Chinese Pangolin is endangered.
Select the INCORRECT statement(s)
Correct
Solution (c)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Incorrect Incorrect Pangolins, also known as scaly anteaters, are the only known mammals with large keratin scales covering their skin. Of the eight species found worldwide (four each in Asia and Africa), two are found in India: the Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) and the Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla).
About Indian Pangolin
The Indian pangolin, also called the thick-tailed pangolin, is native to the Indian subcontinent.
They are one of the most trafficked mammals in the world, despite an international ban on their trade.
Distribution: It lives in India (south of the Himalayas), Bangladesh, Southern Nepal, Sri Lanka, and small parts of Pakistan.
Conservation status:
IUCN Red List: Endangered
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule I
CITES: Appendix I
The Chinese pangolin, with its armour of shimmering scales and specialized ant-eating tongue, inhabits a diverse but increasingly fragmented array of ecosystems. Understanding their preferred homes and the threats they face is crucial for their conservation. Conservation Status:
· Critically Endangered: Sadly, the Chinese pangolin is listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN Red List. This means they face an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild due to multiple threats.
Context: The pangolin conservation project launched to protect pangolins has succeeded at Pench Tiger Reserve and Satpura Tiger Reserve, as the mammals have started to breed there.
Incorrect
Solution (c)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Incorrect Incorrect Pangolins, also known as scaly anteaters, are the only known mammals with large keratin scales covering their skin. Of the eight species found worldwide (four each in Asia and Africa), two are found in India: the Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) and the Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla).
About Indian Pangolin
The Indian pangolin, also called the thick-tailed pangolin, is native to the Indian subcontinent.
They are one of the most trafficked mammals in the world, despite an international ban on their trade.
Distribution: It lives in India (south of the Himalayas), Bangladesh, Southern Nepal, Sri Lanka, and small parts of Pakistan.
Conservation status:
IUCN Red List: Endangered
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule I
CITES: Appendix I
The Chinese pangolin, with its armour of shimmering scales and specialized ant-eating tongue, inhabits a diverse but increasingly fragmented array of ecosystems. Understanding their preferred homes and the threats they face is crucial for their conservation. Conservation Status:
· Critically Endangered: Sadly, the Chinese pangolin is listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN Red List. This means they face an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild due to multiple threats.
Context: The pangolin conservation project launched to protect pangolins has succeeded at Pench Tiger Reserve and Satpura Tiger Reserve, as the mammals have started to breed there.
-
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
‘Desert Cyclone 2024’ is India’s military exercise with
Correct
Solution (c)
About Exercise ‘Desert Cyclone
- It is the inaugural edition of joint military exercise “Desert Cyclone 2024″between India and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
- The exercise aims to enhance interoperability by learning & sharing best practices in Urban Operations.
- This exercise is marking a significant milestone in the strategic partnership.
- Key facts about India and UAE relations
- India and the UAE established diplomatic relations in 1972 and UAE opened its Embassy in Delhi in 1972 whereas India opened its Embassy in Abu Dhabi in 1973.
- The first-ever India-UAE Joint Air Forces exercise took place in September 2008 at the Al-Dhafra base in Abu Dhabi.
- India has also been a regular participant at the biennial International Defence Exhibition (IDEX) in Abu Dhabi.
- Earlier this year, two ships of the Indian Navy, INS Visakhapatnam, and INS Trikand participated in bilateral exercise ‘Zayed Talwar’ with the UAE to enhance interoperability and synergy between the two navies.
Context: The Joint Military Exercise ‘Desert Cyclone 2024’ between India and UAE will be held from January 2 to January 15 in Rajasthan
Incorrect
Solution (c)
About Exercise ‘Desert Cyclone
- It is the inaugural edition of joint military exercise “Desert Cyclone 2024″between India and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
- The exercise aims to enhance interoperability by learning & sharing best practices in Urban Operations.
- This exercise is marking a significant milestone in the strategic partnership.
- Key facts about India and UAE relations
- India and the UAE established diplomatic relations in 1972 and UAE opened its Embassy in Delhi in 1972 whereas India opened its Embassy in Abu Dhabi in 1973.
- The first-ever India-UAE Joint Air Forces exercise took place in September 2008 at the Al-Dhafra base in Abu Dhabi.
- India has also been a regular participant at the biennial International Defence Exhibition (IDEX) in Abu Dhabi.
- Earlier this year, two ships of the Indian Navy, INS Visakhapatnam, and INS Trikand participated in bilateral exercise ‘Zayed Talwar’ with the UAE to enhance interoperability and synergy between the two navies.
Context: The Joint Military Exercise ‘Desert Cyclone 2024’ between India and UAE will be held from January 2 to January 15 in Rajasthan
-
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
With reference to ‘KH-22 missile’ consider the following statements
- The KH-22 missile is an air-to-ground cruise missile
- The KH-22 missile travels at hypersonic speeds.
- The KH-22 uses ramjet engine.
How many statement(s) given above are correct
Correct
Solution (a)
Statement Analysis:
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Incorrect Incorrect It is a Soviet-era long-range airborne supersonic cruise missile. Armed with a nuclear or highly explosive fragmenting cumulative warhead, it was initially designed to destroy aircraft carriers and other large warships, or even groups of such carriers
The missiles and the aircraft were modernized as part of the so-called “Kh-22 special air-to-surface missile complex.”.
It is long-range airborne supersonic cruise missile Capabilities:
Long Range: Boasting a range of around 1,000 kilometers, the Kh-22 can strike targets far out at sea, posing a significant threat to naval vessels.
Supersonic Speed: Traveling at Mach 3, the missile is incredibly fast, making interception challenging for most defense systems.
High Payload: Capable of carrying a conventional or nuclear warhead, the Kh-22’s destructive potential is immense.
The Kh-22 employs a liquid-fuel rocket engine, specifically a Tumansky RD-33K engine. This type of engine provides the necessary thrust for the missile to reach its high speeds and long range. Context: Recently, KH-22 missile was used in Russia-Ukraine war.
Incorrect
Solution (a)
Statement Analysis:
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Incorrect Incorrect It is a Soviet-era long-range airborne supersonic cruise missile. Armed with a nuclear or highly explosive fragmenting cumulative warhead, it was initially designed to destroy aircraft carriers and other large warships, or even groups of such carriers
The missiles and the aircraft were modernized as part of the so-called “Kh-22 special air-to-surface missile complex.”.
It is long-range airborne supersonic cruise missile Capabilities:
Long Range: Boasting a range of around 1,000 kilometers, the Kh-22 can strike targets far out at sea, posing a significant threat to naval vessels.
Supersonic Speed: Traveling at Mach 3, the missile is incredibly fast, making interception challenging for most defense systems.
High Payload: Capable of carrying a conventional or nuclear warhead, the Kh-22’s destructive potential is immense.
The Kh-22 employs a liquid-fuel rocket engine, specifically a Tumansky RD-33K engine. This type of engine provides the necessary thrust for the missile to reach its high speeds and long range. Context: Recently, KH-22 missile was used in Russia-Ukraine war.
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