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The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative.
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Consider the following statements about National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC)
How many of the statements given above are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement Analysis
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
| · It is a quasi-judicial commission in India which was set up in 1988 under the Consumer Protection Act of 1986.
· Mandate: To provide inexpensive, speedy, and summary redressal of consumer disputes. · Its head office is in New Delhi. · The Commission is headed by a sitting or a retired Judge of the SC or a sitting or a retired Chief Justice of a High Court. |
· NCDRC shall have jurisdiction to entertain a complaint valued more than two crore and also have appellate and revisional jurisdiction from the orders of State Commissions or the District fora as the case may be.
· The provisions of this act cover ‘goods’ as well as ‘services’ |
Appeal: Any person aggrieved by an order of NCDRC, may prefer an appeal against such an order to SC within a period of 30 days.
Who Can File a Complaint: A complaint may be filed by the following: · A consumer · Any voluntary consumer association registered under the Companies Act 1956 · The Central Government or any State Government · One or more consumers where there are numerous consumers. · Appeal: Any person aggrieved by an order of NCDRC, may prefer an appeal against such an order to SC within a period of 30 days.
|
Context: The Supreme Court (SC) recently issued notice to two members of the NCDRC seeking explanation from them for issuing non-bailable warrants against the directors of a company, ignoring a previous interim order of the SC.
Solution (b)
Statement Analysis
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
| · It is a quasi-judicial commission in India which was set up in 1988 under the Consumer Protection Act of 1986.
· Mandate: To provide inexpensive, speedy, and summary redressal of consumer disputes. · Its head office is in New Delhi. · The Commission is headed by a sitting or a retired Judge of the SC or a sitting or a retired Chief Justice of a High Court. |
· NCDRC shall have jurisdiction to entertain a complaint valued more than two crore and also have appellate and revisional jurisdiction from the orders of State Commissions or the District fora as the case may be.
· The provisions of this act cover ‘goods’ as well as ‘services’ |
Appeal: Any person aggrieved by an order of NCDRC, may prefer an appeal against such an order to SC within a period of 30 days.
Who Can File a Complaint: A complaint may be filed by the following: · A consumer · Any voluntary consumer association registered under the Companies Act 1956 · The Central Government or any State Government · One or more consumers where there are numerous consumers. · Appeal: Any person aggrieved by an order of NCDRC, may prefer an appeal against such an order to SC within a period of 30 days.
|
Context: The Supreme Court (SC) recently issued notice to two members of the NCDRC seeking explanation from them for issuing non-bailable warrants against the directors of a company, ignoring a previous interim order of the SC.
With reference to ‘Tachyons’, consider the following statements
Statement 1 – Particles with mass cannot reach or exceed the speed of light in a vacuum because their energy would become infinite.
Statements 2 – Tachyons are hypothetical subatomic particles that move faster than the speed of light.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
Solution (a)
Statement Analysis
| Option a |
| Correct |
| · Tachyons are hypothetical subatomic particles that move faster than the speed of light.
· The term “tachyon” was coined by physicist Gerald Feinberg in 1967. · They are distinguished from “bradyons,” particles that travel at less than the speed of light. · While bradyons are familiar and include protons, electrons, and neutrons, tachyons have never been observed. · According to special relativity, particles with mass cannot reach or exceed the speed of light in a vacuum because their energy would become infinite. · However, tachyons are thought to have imaginary mass, meaning their mass squared is a negative value. This implies that they could potentially travel faster than light without violating the laws of physics as we currently understand them. · Tachyons would slow down if they gained energy, and accelerate if they lost energy. · There have been a few experiments to find tachyons using a detector called a cerenkov detector. · This detector is able to measure the speed of a particle traveling through a medium. · Nothing can travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum. However, in other mediums, particles can potentially move faster than light. · If a particle travels through a medium at a speed that is greater than light for that medium, cerenkov radiation occurs. · This is analogous to the sonic boom produced when an airplane travels faster than the speed of sound in air or the shock wave at the bow of a ship. |
Context: Physicists recently proposed the radical idea that our universe is dominated by tachyons, a hypothetical kind of particle that always moves faster than light.
Solution (a)
Statement Analysis
| Option a |
| Correct |
| · Tachyons are hypothetical subatomic particles that move faster than the speed of light.
· The term “tachyon” was coined by physicist Gerald Feinberg in 1967. · They are distinguished from “bradyons,” particles that travel at less than the speed of light. · While bradyons are familiar and include protons, electrons, and neutrons, tachyons have never been observed. · According to special relativity, particles with mass cannot reach or exceed the speed of light in a vacuum because their energy would become infinite. · However, tachyons are thought to have imaginary mass, meaning their mass squared is a negative value. This implies that they could potentially travel faster than light without violating the laws of physics as we currently understand them. · Tachyons would slow down if they gained energy, and accelerate if they lost energy. · There have been a few experiments to find tachyons using a detector called a cerenkov detector. · This detector is able to measure the speed of a particle traveling through a medium. · Nothing can travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum. However, in other mediums, particles can potentially move faster than light. · If a particle travels through a medium at a speed that is greater than light for that medium, cerenkov radiation occurs. · This is analogous to the sonic boom produced when an airplane travels faster than the speed of sound in air or the shock wave at the bow of a ship. |
Context: Physicists recently proposed the radical idea that our universe is dominated by tachyons, a hypothetical kind of particle that always moves faster than light.
Consider the following statements about Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC)
How many of the statements given above are correct?
Solution (a)
Statement Analysis
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
| · The Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) is an international intergovernmental forum that coordinates activities related to man-made and natural debris in space.
· The IADC was founded on October 25, 1993, to coordinate efforts to deal with debris in orbit around the Earth. |
· The IADC is recognized as the internationally recognized technical authority on space debris. | · India, through ISRO, aims to achieve debris-free space missions by 2030, as declared at the 42nd Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) annual meet.
· This initiative seeks the participation of all Indian space actors, governmental and non-governmental, to ensure long-term sustainability in outer space. · ISRO has a comprehensive plan for space exploration and utilization, with a focus on disposing of non-functional spacecraft and preventing the creation of debris. |
Context: India, through ISRO, aims to achieve debris-free space missions by 2030, as declared at the 42nd Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) annual meet.
Solution (a)
Statement Analysis
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
| · The Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) is an international intergovernmental forum that coordinates activities related to man-made and natural debris in space.
· The IADC was founded on October 25, 1993, to coordinate efforts to deal with debris in orbit around the Earth. |
· The IADC is recognized as the internationally recognized technical authority on space debris. | · India, through ISRO, aims to achieve debris-free space missions by 2030, as declared at the 42nd Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) annual meet.
· This initiative seeks the participation of all Indian space actors, governmental and non-governmental, to ensure long-term sustainability in outer space. · ISRO has a comprehensive plan for space exploration and utilization, with a focus on disposing of non-functional spacecraft and preventing the creation of debris. |
Context: India, through ISRO, aims to achieve debris-free space missions by 2030, as declared at the 42nd Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) annual meet.
Consider the following statements about soil acidification
Choose the incorrect statements:
Solution (d)
Statement Analysis
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Correct | Correct |
| · Soil acidification is a natural process that occurs when the concentration of hydrogen ions in the soil increases.
· This reduces the soil’s pH. · Soil acidification can be accelerated by some agricultural practices, such as: · Removing plant and animal products, Leaching excess nitrate, Adding some nitrogen-based fertilizers, Building up mostly plant-based organic matter, and Using ammonium-based fertilizers. |
· This process can affect both the surface soil and subsoil.
· Soil acidification, driven by industrial activities and intense farming, could lead to the depletion of 3.3 billion tonnes of SIC from the top 0.3 meters of soil over the next 30 years. · Acidic soils affect approximately 30% of cultivable land in India, with the northeastern region being particularly affected. |
Context: The study highlights the potential loss of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) in Indian soils due to acidification, impacting soil health, crop growth, and carbon sequestration.
Solution (d)
Statement Analysis
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Correct | Correct |
| · Soil acidification is a natural process that occurs when the concentration of hydrogen ions in the soil increases.
· This reduces the soil’s pH. · Soil acidification can be accelerated by some agricultural practices, such as: · Removing plant and animal products, Leaching excess nitrate, Adding some nitrogen-based fertilizers, Building up mostly plant-based organic matter, and Using ammonium-based fertilizers. |
· This process can affect both the surface soil and subsoil.
· Soil acidification, driven by industrial activities and intense farming, could lead to the depletion of 3.3 billion tonnes of SIC from the top 0.3 meters of soil over the next 30 years. · Acidic soils affect approximately 30% of cultivable land in India, with the northeastern region being particularly affected. |
Context: The study highlights the potential loss of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) in Indian soils due to acidification, impacting soil health, crop growth, and carbon sequestration.
Salas y Gomez, an oceanic ridge recently seen in news for its rich biodiversity is located in which of the following ocean body?
Solution (a)
| Option a |
| Correct |
| · Salas y Gomez is an oceanic ridge in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean.
· Ecosystems in Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges region are isolated by the Atacama Trench, the Humboldt Current System, and an extreme oxygen minimum zone. · This isolation has produced a unique biodiversity that is marked by one of the highest levels of marine endemism on Earth. · Waters surrounding the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges are mostly located in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), with smaller portions located in the national waters of Chile and Peru. · This region in whole covers over 73% of the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges, are unprotected and under threat. · The Salas y Gómez Ridge is one of the many global locations under consideration for being designated as high seas marine protected area upon the ratificiation of the UN High Seas Treaty. Recent Findings · Scientists discovered 160 species (at least 50 are new) when exploring 10 seamounts (6 non-documented) and 2 islands. · The findings come from the expedition across the Salas y Gómez Ridge to Rapa Nui, more commonly known as Easter Island. · They also potentially set a record for sighting the deepest-known photosynthesis-dependent animal, Leptoseris or the wrinkle coral. |
Context: Scientists recently announced the discovery of 160 marine species in the Salas y Gomez ridge.
Solution (a)
| Option a |
| Correct |
| · Salas y Gomez is an oceanic ridge in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean.
· Ecosystems in Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges region are isolated by the Atacama Trench, the Humboldt Current System, and an extreme oxygen minimum zone. · This isolation has produced a unique biodiversity that is marked by one of the highest levels of marine endemism on Earth. · Waters surrounding the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges are mostly located in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), with smaller portions located in the national waters of Chile and Peru. · This region in whole covers over 73% of the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges, are unprotected and under threat. · The Salas y Gómez Ridge is one of the many global locations under consideration for being designated as high seas marine protected area upon the ratificiation of the UN High Seas Treaty. Recent Findings · Scientists discovered 160 species (at least 50 are new) when exploring 10 seamounts (6 non-documented) and 2 islands. · The findings come from the expedition across the Salas y Gómez Ridge to Rapa Nui, more commonly known as Easter Island. · They also potentially set a record for sighting the deepest-known photosynthesis-dependent animal, Leptoseris or the wrinkle coral. |
Context: Scientists recently announced the discovery of 160 marine species in the Salas y Gomez ridge.
