1. What are ‘trolls’? Are they a threat to internal security? Examine.
Introduction:
In the cyber space, Troll is someone who sows discord on the Internet by starting arguments, by posting offensive, controversial comments with intent of provoking readers into an emotional response or disrupting normal discussions.
In present world when internet play a significant role in crafting people opinion and hence decisions in day to day activities, trolling can be a serious threat to internal security of the country.
The current explosion in the number of handheld devices with internet connectivity like mobiles and tablets has potential to cause chain reaction on the internet which can spill over to real life, like:
Conclusion:
Write a brief conclusion.
‘Trolls’ are a form of online bullies. The technology and social media give them the power to hide behind a screen can carry on personal propaganda- online bullying, spreading disruptive lies, false information etc. recently they have been in limelight for all wrong reasons and spreading ease of access to internet make them a highly destructive power that must be put out before it becomes a global menace.
Trolls can act as a threat to INTERNAL SECURITY by-
• Spreading rumours causing unrest- riot like situations can be easily insinuated
• Vilifying the incidents- brawls or fights given a racial, caste based colour- further aggravating problems
• Undermining law and rights of people- from behind the screen abusing and threatening
• Harmful for children for their easily impressionable minds
• Eroding faith in justice system and its delivery- laws lack strength to identify, filter and punish such Trolls
• Helping disruptive gangs, terrorist groups etc by furthering their agenda of dividing people using incorrect info.
Today Netizens need awareness regarding such phenomenon to avoid falling into such traps and not get affected by such bullies. Need is for age based access-depth of internet and proper regulation and use of laws to punish such people using cyber-security, website compliance by deactivating accounts and a vigilant citizenry to discourage such people in our society.
2. What are the essential features of a secure cyber ecosystem? Also discuss the threats to the cyber ecosystem of India? Why should one be concerned for cyber security? Elaborate.
Secure cyber ecosystem refers to an interconnected system of cyber devices with inbuilt security capabilities such that they can together defend and prevent cyber-attacks and recover to a trusted state.
Features of a Secure Cyber Ecosystem:
1) Confidentiality: The secrecy of data should be ensured.
2) Integrity: Data should not be modified or altered by unauthorized hackers
3) Availability: Data should be available only to authenticated persons
4) Privacy: Privacy of sensitive data such as Personally Identifiable Information, biometric data etc. should be ensured.
1. Hacking – illegal intrusion in to computer system and illegal gain of user access.
2. Cyber stalking – use of email, mms, etc. to stalk other person and continuous harassment and threat.
3. Denial of service: blocking user service, blocking the bandwidth,
4. Diffusion of malware such as virus, Trojans, spyware, hoax etc. in to the system.
5. Data security network sabotage and permanent damage to the system
6. Data diddling and data theft for stealing classified or unlawful or personal information.
7. Cyber warfare: which includes cyber espionage, website defamation and data theft of defense secrets and to cause financial losses.
Why one should be concerned for cyber security:
i) Digital age & Internet of Things – So failure in one device can affect others
ii) Era of internet governance (NeGP) and ITeS (eLearning, e-wallets)
iii) Dependence of critical infrastructure on ICT
iv) Increasing incidence of cyber-attacks
v) Threat to international peace from electronic terrorism and cyber war.
Conclusion:
Write a brief conclusion.
Cyber ecosystem is the cyberspace universe where different entities interact and work in collaboration with each other in real-time,dynamic manner. The participants such as individuals, public and private enterprises work through devices and portals interact in a information-loaded environment which is prone to be looted by hostile groups as cyber attacks. In such an environment, it is important to create an assured cyber ecosystem.
With increasing ICT penetration and drastic volume of vital information on cyberspace, Hackers who steal private and public data, Cyber terrorists who attack cyber infrastructure and encrytion for information sharing are increasing. India’s efforts to control cyber attacks through institutions like CERT-In, Indio-US Cyber security forum, policies like National Cyber Security Policy 2013 will protect cyber infrastructure and safeguard critical information.
3. What is money laundering? What are the various ways to launder money? Why is it a threat to internal security?
The question has three parts – Definition, different ways and how it is a threat to internal security.
Point to be noted is that, in the question ‘different ways’ of laundering money have been asked, and not the different steps to launder money.
‘Money Laundering’ is the tern given to the process of conversion of Black money (money obtained illegally) into ostensibly legitimate assets. Money laundering generally involves three steps: the first involves introducing cash into the financial system by some means (“placement”); the second involves carrying out complex financial transactions to camouflage the illegal source of the cash (“layering”); and finally, acquiring wealth generated from the transactions of the illicit funds (“integration”).
This has been given very comprehensively in wiki, so taking directly from there.
https://piie.com/publications/chapters_preview/381/3iie3705.pdf
You can go through this link to understand money laundering.
(Note: Even you mention 5-6 of these, that will be sufficient for the answer.)
Threat to internal Security:
Conclude the answer with some suggestions and some important Acts of GoI.
Best Answer: MOL0929
4. The shameful incident that occurred on new year’s eve in Bengaluru exposes the fault lines in our society. Deterrence by effective implementation of laws is the pressing need. Comment.
Again, many have repeated the same mistake of diverting from the demands of the question. Many answers have been driven by emotion or getting carried away and drifted from actual demand.
Please read the question carefully. It provides a statement – ‘Deterrence by effective implementation of laws is need of hour to avoid such shameful incidents’. “COMMENT”
Approach:
Pick out the main points on the subject:
These are the subject. Your job is to give your opinion, reinforcing your point of view using logic and reference to relevant evidence, including any wider reading you have done.
You can comment negatively or positively and conclude accordingly. However, to play safe, comment according to the mood of the question.
Introduction:
Provide that the cases of kidnapping and human trafficking are rising year by year and incidents of rape and crime against women on the streets and roads are becoming more brazen by the day – with shameful incident that occurred on new year’s eve in Bengaluru being the recent example.
Despite the abundance of laws (provide names of some laws), the social ills persist, all these incidents exposes the fault lines in our society, serious doubt casts on the impact or efficacy of such laws on society at large.
Now provide what are those fault lines –
Criminals only appear to have become emboldened by the collective failure of the governments, police and judiciary in enforcing the rule of law and ensuring that those who do not respect women or the law are not allowed to roam free.
Now provide your opinion à i.e. to avoid the above fault lines, Deterrence + Effective implementation of laws is need of the hour
Support your views with some evidences and reports. Provide example of Justice J.S. Verma recommendations for harsher punishment, gradation of offences, ease of registration of complaints, creation of a support system for the victims and police reforms to enable them to deal more appropriately with cases of sexual offence; strict adherence to Vishaka Guidelines and among others – only then the impact of the changes on the ground will be felt.
You can also provide comparative analysis of foreign countries where deterrence by effective implementation of laws have helped to prevent such instances.
Government can make any amount of stringent law, but the situation will not change till the police remains what it is and the judiciary remains what it is. Therefore, solution lies in “speedy justice and ensuring that the culprits are punished.” Deterrence by effective implementation of laws is the pressing need.
Best answer: (No best answers)
5. General elections and assembly elections should be held at the same time in order to avoid the current situation wherein the focus of the ruling parties remains more on polls than governance. Critically comment.
Approach:
Since question asks – ‘Critically comment’ – Provide evidence taken from a wide range of sources which both agree with and contradict an argument.
Come to a final conclusion, basing your decision on what you judge to be the most important factors and justify how you have made your choice.
Introduction:
India until 1967 had the practice of conducting simultaneous elections i.e. general and assembly elections. Once again the topic has come to forefront after Prime minister and President mooted the idea to avoid the current situation wherein the focus of the ruling parties remains more on polls than governance.
Simultaneous polls would reduce
Provide suitable conclusion.
Government has come up with the concept of organising General elections and assembly elections simultaneously to avoid the moral code of conduct paralyse the functioning of the government. This issue is highly debatable as it leads to an effective governance but its implementation is an up-hill task.
Benefits that will arise:
#Central government will be able to focus its attention on governance and effective administration rather than shifting its focus to polls. With the initiation of the moral code of government the government is unable to announce or implement any new policy, transfer or any other development work.
#Staggered elections are financially draining and costs a huge fortune to the government. Many saved from staggered elections can be utilised in strengthening public investment.
However on the other side there are many impediments to this concept as well.
#Simultaneous elections will hamper the federal nature of the country as people tend to vote for political parties rather than individuals and many a times they will vote for the same party both in the centre and is the state.
#Implementation of this concept is a nightmare as state government terms have to be modified to align with the central government term.
#Political parties are held accountable through frequent elections which losses its prupose through simultaneous elections.
Simultaneous elections are not utopian but they require delebration and confidence building measures among all the stakeholders before being implemented in India.
Before concluding into a need for change in elections, govt can follow various other ways to ensure governance is not affected like amending MCC etc. the immediate needs which warrants attention are pressing issues like opacity in political funding, exploitation of social groups as votebanks etc which can threaten the democratic fabric of India.
