Q. 19. How does the Indian diaspora living in other countries affect politics and society in India and abroad? Illustrate with some examples. (250 words, 15 marks)
Introduction
The Indian diaspora, over 32 million strong globally, plays a pivotal role in shaping both India’s domestic politics and bilateral relations through remittances, lobbying, cultural influence, and transnational engagement in democratic and developmental processes.
Body
Influence on Indian Politics and Society
Remittances and Development: India received $111 billion in remittances in 2022 (World Bank), supporting household incomes and rural economies.
Electoral Participation: Diaspora campaigns and funding have influenced political narratives, especially among NRIs from Punjab, Kerala, and Gujarat.
Soft Power Diplomacy: Celebrations like Pravasi Bharatiya Divas and global Yoga Day enhance India’s cultural diplomacy.
Policy Feedback: Diaspora intellectuals contribute to policy research, innovation, and philanthropy (e.g., Infosys co-founder N. R. Narayana Murthy’s global influence).
Cultural Revitalisation: Promotes Indian languages, festivals, and traditions in global cities—leading to a revival of pride in Indic heritage.
Impact on Host Countries and Bilateral Relations
Political Representation: Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) like Rishi Sunak (UK PM) and Kamala Harris (US VP) enhance India’s global image.
Lobbying and Advocacy: Diaspora groups in the US and UK lobby for favourable visa, trade, and foreign policy positions (e.g., US-India nuclear deal).
Bridge Diplomacy: Diaspora acts as a bridge between India and host nations, strengthening strategic and economic ties.
Crisis Diplomacy: During COVID-19 and Ukraine war, diaspora networks helped stranded Indians, showcasing transnational solidarity.
Challenges: Diaspora activism may sometimes stir tensions—e.g., Khalistani groups in Canada and UK affecting diplomatic relations.
Conclusion
As Dr. S. Jaishankar said, “The Indian diaspora is a force multiplier for India globally.” Strategic diaspora engagement enhances India’s cultural diplomacy, trade linkages, and national development through this globally connected and influential community.
