Solution (d)

The National Health Mission (NHM) envisages achievement of universal access to equitable, affordable & quality health care services that are accountable and responsive to people’s needs.

The National Health Mission (NHM) encompasses its two Sub-Missions, the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM).

The main programmatic components include

• Health System Strengthening in rural and urban areas
• Reproductive-Maternal- Neonatal-Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A)
• Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases.

The National Health Mission seeks to ensure the achievement of the following indicators:

• Reduce Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) to 1/1000 live births
• Reduce Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) to 25/1000 live births
• Reduce Total Fertility Rate (TFR) to 2.1
• Prevention and reduction of anemia in women aged 15–49 years
• Prevent and reduce mortality & morbidity from communicable, non-communicable; injuries and emerging diseases
• Reduce household out-of-pocket expenditure on total health care expenditure
• Reduce annual incidence and mortality from Tuberculosis by half
• Reduce prevalence of Leprosy to <1/10000 population and incidence to zero in all districts
• Annual Malaria Incidence to be <1/1000
• Less than 1 per cent microfilaria prevalence in all districts
• Kala-azar Elimination by 2015, <1 case per 10000 population in all blocks

Some of the major initiatives under National Health Mission (NHM) are:

• Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA)
• Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK)
• Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK)
• Ayushman Bharat.
• Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY)

Article Link: Availability of Healthcare Facilities in Rural Area

Solution (a)

The Stand up India scheme aims at promoting entrepreneurship among women and scheduled castes and tribes. 

The scheme is anchored by Department of Financial Services (DFS), Ministry of Finance, Government of India.

Eligibility:

• SC/ST and/or woman entrepreneurs, above 18 years of age.
• Loans under the scheme is available for only green field project. Green field signifies, in this context, the first time venture of the beneficiary in the manufacturing or services or trading sector.
• In case of non-individual enterprises, 51% of the shareholding and controlling stake should be held by either SC/ST and/or Women Entrepreneur.
• Borrower should not be in default to any bank/financial institution.

Greenfield project:

A greenfield project is one which is not constrained by prior work. It is constructed on unused land where there is no need to remodel or demolish an existing structure.

Article Link: Stand Up India Scheme extended up to the year 2025

Solution (b)

Pradhan Mantri KIsan SAmman Nidhi (PM-KISAN): 

• With a view to provide income support to all land holding eligible farmer families, the Government has launched PM-KISAN. 
• The scheme aims to supplement the financial needs of the farmers in procuring various inputs to ensure proper crop health and appropriate yields, commensurate with the anticipated farm income.
• Under the scheme, the Centre transfers an amount of Rs 6,000 per year, in three equal instalments, directly into the bank accounts of all landholding farmers irrespective of the size of their land holdings.
• It is a central sector scheme.

Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay SanraksHan Abhiyan (PM-AASHA):

• It is an umbrella scheme to ensure Minimum Support Price (MSP) to farmers.
• It comprises the erstwhile Price Support Scheme (PSS) with certain modifications and rolling out of new schemes of Price Deficiency Payment Scheme (PDPS) and pilot of Private Procurement and Stockist Scheme (PPSS).
• Under PM-AASHA, States/UTs are offered to choose either PSS and PDPS in a given procurement season with respect to particular oilseeds crop for the entire State. Pulses and Copra are procured under PSS.
• It is helping farmers in getting increased MSP which provides adequate returns over the cost of production.

Pradhan Mantri Street Vendor’s Atma Nirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi):

• It is launched by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) for providing affordable loans to street vendors.
• The vendors can avail a working capital loan of up to Rs. 10,000, which is repayable in monthly instalments within a year. The loans would be without collateral.
• The scheme would benefit vendors, hawkers, thelewale and people involved in goods and services related to textiles, apparel, artisan products, barbers shops, laundry services etc. in different areas.

Article Link: Progress in Doubling Farmer Income

Solution (d)

SMILE – Support for Marginalized Individuals for Livelihood and Enterprise:

This scheme is formulated by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, which includes sub-scheme – ‘Central Sector Scheme for Comprehensive Rehabilitation of persons engaged in the act of Begging.

This scheme covers several comprehensive measures including welfare measures for persons who are engaged in the act of begging. The focus of the scheme is extensively on rehabilitation, provision of medical facilities, counselling, basic documentation, education, skill development, economic linkages and so on. 

The scheme would be implemented with the support of State/UT Governments/Local Urban Bodies, Voluntary Organizations, Community Based Organizations (CBOs) , institutions and others.

Scheme provides for the use of the existing shelter homes available with the State/UT Governments and Urban local bodies for rehabilitation of the persons engaged in the act of Begging. In case of non-availability of existing shelter homes, new dedicated shelter homes are to be set up by the implementing agencies.

Article Link: Government has formulated a scheme covering comprehensive measures for welfare of beggars

Solution (c)

The Kapus are primarily an agrarian community based in the Andhra-Telangana region.

It is believed that they migrated from the Gangetic plains, probably from Kampilya (near Ayodhya) thousands of years ago.

They entered what is present-day Telangana and, after clearing the forests along the banks of the Godavari, settled down to farming.

Recently, the Andhra Pradesh government has announced 10% reservation for the Kapu community and other Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) for appointments in the initial posts and services in the State government in accordance with the Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act, 2019.

Article Link: A.P. govt announces 10% reservation for EWS