UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 20th June 2024

·       It is one of the alternative dispute redressal mechanisms in India.

·       It is a forum where disputes/cases pending in the court of law or at the pre-litigation stageare settled/compromised amicably.

·       The Lok Adalat has been given statutory status under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.

·       Lok Adalats can be organized at the district, state, and national levels.

·       Every Lok Adalat organised for an area shall consist of such number of serving or retired judicial officers and other persons of the area as may be specified by the agency organizing.

·       Under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, Lok Adalat can make awards/decisions, which are deemed to be a decree of a civil court and are final and binding on all the parties concerned.

·       There is no court fee payable when a matter is filed in a Lok Adalat.

·       If a matter pending in the court of law is referred to the Lok Adalat and is settled subsequently, the court fee originally paid in the court on the complaints/petition is also refunded back to the parties.

·       Dispute resolution in the Lok Adalat courts takes place by direct interaction of the Adalat members with the parties concerned.

·       Lok Adalats possess jurisdiction over a diverse array of cases, including civil disputes, criminal cases (compoundable offences), and family matters.

Permanent Lok Adalat:

·       The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, was amended in 2002 to provide for the establishment of the Permanent Lok Adalats to deal with cases pertaining to public utility services like transport, postal, telegraph, etc.

·       These have been set up as permanent bodies and consists of a Chairman and two members

·       It shall not have jurisdiction in respect of any matter relating to an offence not compoundable under any law.

·       The jurisdiction of the Permanent Lok Adalats is upto Rs. 1 Crore.

·       Before the dispute is brought before any court, any party to the dispute may make an application to the Permanent Lok Adalat for settlement of the dispute.

·       After an application is made to the Permanent Lok Adalat, no party to that application shall invoke the jurisdiction of any court in the same dispute.

·       Every award made by the Permanent Lok Adalat shall be final and binding on all the parties thereto and shall be made by a majority of the persons constituting the Permanent Lok Adalat.

·       Nalanda stands out as the most ancient university on the Indian Subcontinent.

·       It was founded by Kumar gupta of the Gupta dynasty in Bihar in the early 5th century, and it flourished for 600 years until the 12th century.

·       During the era of Harshavardhan and the Pala monarchs, it rose to popularity.

·       It was a center of learning, culture, and intellectual exchange that had a profound impact on the development of Indian civilization and beyond.

·       Nalanda was a monastic establishment in the sense that it was primarily a place where monks and nuns lived and studied. It used to teach all the major philosophies of Buddhism.

·       It had students from far-flung regions such as China, Korea, Japan, Tibet, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia.

·       The students at Nalanda were expected to follow a strict code of conduct and were required to participate in daily meditation and study sessions.

·       Subjects such as medicine, the ancient Indian medical system Ayurveda, religion, Buddhism, mathematics, grammar, astronomy, and Indian philosophy were taught there.

·       It continued to be a centre of intellectual activity up until it was destroyed in the 12th century AD, in 1193, by Turkish ruler Qutbuddin Aibak’s general Bakhtiyar Khilji.

·       After six centuries, the university was rediscovered in 1812by Scottish surveyor Francis Buchanan-Hamilton and later identified as the ancient university by Sir Alexander Cunningham in 1861.

·       The Chinese monk Xuan Zang has offered invaluable insights into the academic and architectural grandeur of ancient Nalanda.

·       It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

·       It aims to transform rural India through the empowerment of rural women as Krishi Sakhi, by imparting training and certification of Krishi Sakhis as Para-extension Workers.

·       This certification course also aligns with the objectives of the ‘Lakhpati Didi’ Program.

Krishi Sakhis have already been trained on various extension service

·       Agro-Ecological Practices: From land preparation to harvest.

·       Organizing Farmer Field Schools: Facilitating practical learning sessions for farmers.

·       Seed Banks: Establishment and management.

·       Soil Health and Conservation: Techniques for maintaining soil health and moisture.

·       Integrated Farming Systems: Combining various farming practices for sustainability.

·       Livestock Management: Basic management practices for livestock.

·       Bio Inputs: Preparation, use, and establishment of bio-input shops.

·       Communication Skills: Essential skills for effective communication with farmers.

·       Krishi Sakhi Training Program has been rolled out in 12 states in Phase – 1: Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Odisha, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, and Meghalaya.

·       Objective: To encourage women to start micro-enterprises within their villages.

·       Under the Lakhpati Didi Initiative, the government aims to train two crore women.

·       The programme is aimed at training women in self-help groups (SHGs) so that they can earn a sustainable income of at least Rs 1 lakh per annum per household.

·       This region is known a Nimar region which touches its border with Rajasthan thus more of less know as dry region thus vegetation is also not so dry and we will find many rocky patches during safari drive.

·       The forest of this sanctuary is part of Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forest thus here we will find trees like Salai, Kardhai, Dhawda, Tendu, Palash and so on.

·       It sits atop a flat rocky plateau, with the Chambal River cutting the sanctuary into two almost equal halves.

·       Due to the rocky terrain and exposed sheetrock, the topsoil is shallow.

·       This is behind Gandhi Sagar’s savanna ecosystem comprising open grasslands interspersed with dry deciduous trees and shrubs.

·       It has Savanna ecosystem (dry deciduous trees and shrubs) due to shallow topsoil.

·       This forest is also of archeological and religious importance due to presence of rock painting sites and famous temple like Chaturbhujnath temple etc.

·       This sanctuary is spread over the area surrounding to Gandhi Sagar dam backwater.

·       It was proposed by the European Commission in 2022, under the EU biodiversity strategy for 2030, part of the European Green Deal.

·       The ecosystems covered by the NRL, include wetlands, grasslands, forests, rivers and lakes, as well as marine ecosystems, including seagrass and sponge and coral beds.

Regulations under NRL

·       The conservation law sets a target for the EU to restore at least 20 percent of the bloc’s land and sea areas by 2030 and all ecosystems in need of restoration by 2050.

·       The regulation introduces specific requirements for measures to reverse the decline of pollinator populations by 2030.