Ethics Theory, TLP-UPSC Mains Answer Writing
Q. 3. Examine the role of the ‘Gig Economy’ in the process of empowerment of women in India. Also, suggest measures to overcome the challenges faced by women in this sector. ( 150 words, 10 marks)
Introduction
The gig economy refers to flexible, short-term work arrangements often mediated by digital platforms. In India, it is emerging as a significant driver of employment, especially for women, by offering flexible hours and remote options that align with domestic responsibilities.
Body
Empowerment through Gig Economy
- Flexible Work Opportunities: Women can balance domestic duties and earn through part-time gigs. Example: Freelance writing, graphic design, and data entry allow rural and urban women to work from home.
- Increased Digital Participation: Gig platforms promote digital and financial literacy among women. Example: Women using apps like Meesho or UrbanClap for entrepreneurship or service-based work.
- Entry into Non-Traditional Sectors: Gig jobs reduce gendered barriers in areas like delivery and driving. Example: Swiggy and Uber now onboard women delivery agents and drivers in select cities.
- Boost to Rural Female Workforce: Digital platforms help women from small towns connect to urban markets. Example: Rural artisans sell products via Amazon Karigar and Flipkart Samarth.
Challenges Faced by Women in the Gig Sector
- Lack of Job Security and Benefits: No fixed salaries, maternity leave, or social protection. Example: Most women gig workers are excluded from ESI or PF coverage.
- Gender-Based Harassment and Safety Risks: Women face unsafe working conditions, especially in public gigs. Example: Delivery partners and beauticians report unsafe client interactions and lack of redressal mechanisms.
- Digital Divide and Skill Gap: Limited access to technology and low digital literacy affect participation. Example: Many women in Tier-2/3 cities lack smartphones or digital payment skills.
- Algorithmic Bias and Lack of Representation: Women often get lower ratings or visibility due to biased systems. Example: Studies show male workers get more high-paying gigs in ride-hailing apps.
Way Forward
- Inclusive Social Security Schemes: Extend benefits like health insurance and paid leave to gig workers under the Social Security Code 2020.
- Strengthening Legal Frameworks: Ensure workplace safety, anti-harassment mechanisms, and grievance redressal for women on platforms.
- Digital and Skill Literacy Campaigns: Promote digital training for women, especially in semi-urban and rural areas.
- Gender-Sensitive Platform Design: Encourage platforms to ensure fair algorithms, visibility, and feedback systems for women workers.
Conclusion
The gig economy holds strong potential to empower Indian women but needs targeted reforms. According to the ILO 2024 report, inclusive digital policies and gender-responsive social protection can make gig work a sustainable avenue for women’s economic and social mobility.
