Solution (b)

Bodies established under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea include –

1. International Seabed Authority (ISA)
2. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)
3. Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS)

Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) is an intergovernmental organization located in The Hague, Netherlands. It is not a court in the traditional sense, but provides services of arbitral tribunal to resolve disputes that arise out of international agreements between member states, international organizations or private parties. 

The organization is not a United Nations agency, but the PCA is an official United Nations Observer.

Source: 

• https://www.un.org/Depts/los/Links/Links-LOS.htm

• https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/italian-marines-case-india-loses-jurisdiction/article31973247.ece

Solution (b)

The contiguous zone extends up to 24 nautical miles from the shore. In a contiguous zone coastal nations can exercise their rights in four areas: customs, taxation, immigration and pollution.

In Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), which extends up to 200 nautical miles, the coastal nations have exclusive right to exploit the resources. International vessels are free to cross these waters without any restriction

Exclusive economic zone

A coastal nation has control of all economic resources within its exclusive economic zone, including fishing, mining, oil exploration, and any pollution of those resources. However, it cannot prohibit passage or loitering above, on, or under the surface of the sea that is in compliance with the laws and regulations adopted by the coastal State in accordance with the provisions of the UN Convention, within that portion of its exclusive economic zone beyond its territorial sea.

Continental shelf

Coastal states have the right of exploration and exploitation of its natural resources, however other states could lay cables and pipelines if they are authorised by the coastal state. The outer limit of a country’s continental shelf shall not stretch beyond 350 nautical miles of the baseline.

Solution (d)

National Tiger Conservation Authority 

• NTCA is a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change constituted under enabling provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in 2006, for strengthening tiger conservation, as per powers and functions assigned to it under the said Act.
• Project Tiger is administrated by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA). 
• Tiger Reserves are declared by National Tiger Conservation Authority via Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 2006 under centrally sponsored scheme called Project Tiger.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/uttar-pradesh-mulling-over-proposal-to-turn-shivalik-forest-into-tiger-reserve/article31968322.ece

Solution (c)

The twin deficits hypothesis, also called the double deficit hypothesis or twin deficits anomaly, is a macroeconomic proposition that there is a strong link between a national economy’s current account balance and its government budget balance.

This hypothesis says that as the fiscal deficit of the country goes up; its trade deficit (i.e. the difference between exports and imports) also goes up.

Hence, when a government of a country spends more than what it earns, the country also ends up importing more than exporting.

Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid).

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/indias-trade-deficit-with-china-dips-to-4866-billion-in-fy20/article31973598.ece

Solution (a)

The Trinity of Carnatic music, also known as The Three Jewels of Carnatic music, refer to the outstanding trio of composer-musicians of Carnatic music in the 18th century, being Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/kritis-with-a-healing-touch/article31971313.ece