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The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative.
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Consider the following statements about Direct Seeded Rice (DSR)
Choose the correct statements:
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Correct | Correct |
| · Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) describes the process of growing rice from seeds sown in the ground as opposed to transplanting seedlings from a nursery.
· DSR is seen to be most productive, environmentally friendly and financially feasible rice production systems used today. · Since 1950s, it has been recognised as the primary way of growing rice in countries. · Pusa Basmati 1121 (PB 1121) is a landmark Basmati rice variety having Basmati quality traits intro-gressed from traditional Basmati varieties. · Pusa Basmati 1509 Early maturing, reduced height, non-lodging and non-shattering variety. · It matures in 115 days which is 30 days early to Pusa Basmati 112. · It saves 33% water. |
· Unlike puddled transplanted rice (PTR) method, DSR delivers faster planting and maturing, conserves scarce resources like water and labour.
· It is more conducive to mechanization, and reduces emissions of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. · Mechanized DSR also creates avenues for employment through new service provisions and is less labour intensive and free from drudgery, hence more attractive to youth and women farmers. |
Context: The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has commercialised herbicide-tolerant basmati rice varieties, claiming they can control weeds in rice crops while also promoting water-saving direct seeded rice.
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Correct | Correct |
| · Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) describes the process of growing rice from seeds sown in the ground as opposed to transplanting seedlings from a nursery.
· DSR is seen to be most productive, environmentally friendly and financially feasible rice production systems used today. · Since 1950s, it has been recognised as the primary way of growing rice in countries. · Pusa Basmati 1121 (PB 1121) is a landmark Basmati rice variety having Basmati quality traits intro-gressed from traditional Basmati varieties. · Pusa Basmati 1509 Early maturing, reduced height, non-lodging and non-shattering variety. · It matures in 115 days which is 30 days early to Pusa Basmati 112. · It saves 33% water. |
· Unlike puddled transplanted rice (PTR) method, DSR delivers faster planting and maturing, conserves scarce resources like water and labour.
· It is more conducive to mechanization, and reduces emissions of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. · Mechanized DSR also creates avenues for employment through new service provisions and is less labour intensive and free from drudgery, hence more attractive to youth and women farmers. |
Context: The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has commercialised herbicide-tolerant basmati rice varieties, claiming they can control weeds in rice crops while also promoting water-saving direct seeded rice.
Consider the following statements about Parengyodontium album
Choose the incorrect statements:
Solution (a)
Statement Analysis
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Correct | Correct |
| · It is a marine fungus that can break down plastic polyethene (PE), the most common plastic in the ocean.
· It was discovered by Marine microbiologists from the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ). · Considering fungi as the ‘masters of degradation’ that they utilise a plethora of digestive enzymes for plastic degradation, researchers expect that there could be more plastic-degrading fungi in the deeper parts of the ocean.
|
· In this bioremediation process, the PE-derived carbon is converted into the fungal biomass of P. album, serving as its energy source.
· Initial photodegradation of PE by UV sunlight is crucial for this process. It makes the fungus useful to degrade the floating oceanic plastic litter. · Humans produce over 400 billion kilograms of plastic annually, much of which ends up in the ocean. |
Context: A marine fungus called Parengyodontium album has been discovered to break down plastic polyethene (PE) in the ocean.
Solution (a)
Statement Analysis
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Correct | Correct |
| · It is a marine fungus that can break down plastic polyethene (PE), the most common plastic in the ocean.
· It was discovered by Marine microbiologists from the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ). · Considering fungi as the ‘masters of degradation’ that they utilise a plethora of digestive enzymes for plastic degradation, researchers expect that there could be more plastic-degrading fungi in the deeper parts of the ocean.
|
· In this bioremediation process, the PE-derived carbon is converted into the fungal biomass of P. album, serving as its energy source.
· Initial photodegradation of PE by UV sunlight is crucial for this process. It makes the fungus useful to degrade the floating oceanic plastic litter. · Humans produce over 400 billion kilograms of plastic annually, much of which ends up in the ocean. |
Context: A marine fungus called Parengyodontium album has been discovered to break down plastic polyethene (PE) in the ocean.
Consider the following statements about Dnieper River
How many of the statements given above are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement Analysis
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
| · It is the fourth-longest river in Europe (after the Volga, the Danube, and the Ural).
· In Russian, the river’s name is Dnepr. In Ukrainian, it is Dnipro, and in Belarusian, it is Dnyapro. · Located in Eastern Europe, the Dnieper River and its tributaries drain much of Belarus and Ukraine. |
· It originates in Russia, in the low Valday Hills west of Moscow.
· It runs a total length of 1,368 miles through western Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine before emptying into the Black Sea. · Approximately 300 miles of the waterway is located in Russia, 430 miles are in Belarus, and 680 miles are within Ukraine. |
· It passes through numerous urban centers such as the Russian cities of Smolensk and Dorogobuzh, as well as Mogilev in Belarus and Kiev, Cherkasy, Dnipro, and Zaporizhia in Ukraine.
· Tributaries: It has as many as 32,000 tributaries, including the Sozh, Desna, Trubizh, Bilozerka, Drut, Berezina, and Prypiat Rivers. |
Context: Russian missile attack on the central city of Dnipro injured seven people, including two children, and damaged civilian infrastructure recently.
Solution (b)
Statement Analysis
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
| · It is the fourth-longest river in Europe (after the Volga, the Danube, and the Ural).
· In Russian, the river’s name is Dnepr. In Ukrainian, it is Dnipro, and in Belarusian, it is Dnyapro. · Located in Eastern Europe, the Dnieper River and its tributaries drain much of Belarus and Ukraine. |
· It originates in Russia, in the low Valday Hills west of Moscow.
· It runs a total length of 1,368 miles through western Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine before emptying into the Black Sea. · Approximately 300 miles of the waterway is located in Russia, 430 miles are in Belarus, and 680 miles are within Ukraine. |
· It passes through numerous urban centers such as the Russian cities of Smolensk and Dorogobuzh, as well as Mogilev in Belarus and Kiev, Cherkasy, Dnipro, and Zaporizhia in Ukraine.
· Tributaries: It has as many as 32,000 tributaries, including the Sozh, Desna, Trubizh, Bilozerka, Drut, Berezina, and Prypiat Rivers. |
Context: Russian missile attack on the central city of Dnipro injured seven people, including two children, and damaged civilian infrastructure recently.
Consider the following statements
How many of the statements given above are correct?
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| Istanbul Programme of Action
· The Istanbul Programme of Action (IPoA) charts out the international community’s vision and strategy for the sustainable development of Least Developed Countries (LCDs). · Focus – To develop the productive capacities of LCDs during the decade 2011-2020. · The IPOA set an ambitious overarching goal of enabling half the number of LDCs to meet the criteria for graduation by 2020.
South-South Cooperation (SSC) · South-South Cooperation (SSC) is a broad framework for collaboration between developing countries, also known as countries of the Global South. · SSC was integrated into the 2011 Istanbul Programme of Action to help Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States. · India is the largest contributor to the United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation.
Triangular cooperation · It involves Southern-driven partnerships between two or more developing countries supported by one or more developed countries or multilateral organization(s) to implement development cooperation programmes and projects.
Buenos Aires Plan of Action, 1978 · Promotes and Implements Technical Co-operation among Developing Countries. · Urges all Governments, the entire United Nations Development system and the international community as a whole, to take effective action for its implementation. |
||
Context: It was in news.
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| Istanbul Programme of Action
· The Istanbul Programme of Action (IPoA) charts out the international community’s vision and strategy for the sustainable development of Least Developed Countries (LCDs). · Focus – To develop the productive capacities of LCDs during the decade 2011-2020. · The IPOA set an ambitious overarching goal of enabling half the number of LDCs to meet the criteria for graduation by 2020.
South-South Cooperation (SSC) · South-South Cooperation (SSC) is a broad framework for collaboration between developing countries, also known as countries of the Global South. · SSC was integrated into the 2011 Istanbul Programme of Action to help Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States. · India is the largest contributor to the United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation.
Triangular cooperation · It involves Southern-driven partnerships between two or more developing countries supported by one or more developed countries or multilateral organization(s) to implement development cooperation programmes and projects.
Buenos Aires Plan of Action, 1978 · Promotes and Implements Technical Co-operation among Developing Countries. · Urges all Governments, the entire United Nations Development system and the international community as a whole, to take effective action for its implementation. |
||
Context: It was in news.
Tmesipteris oblanceolate, recently seen in news is?
Solution (a)
| Option a |
| Correct |
| Tmesipteris oblanceolate:
· It is a rare species of fern which grows primarily on the ground or atop fallen tree trunks on the island nation of New Caledonia (an overseas French territory situated in the Southwest Pacific), and on neighboring islands such as Vanuatu. · It is a small plant, typically 10-15 centimeters (4-6 inches) in height. · It has a record-breaking genome size of 160.45 billion base pairs (Gbp), the units that make up a strand of DNA, 11 billion more than the previous record holder, the Japanese flowering plant Paris japonica, and 50 times more than the human genome. · Tmesipteris is a small genus of ferns whose ancestors evolved about 350 million years ago — well before dinosaurs set foot on Earth. · It is distinguished by its mainly epiphytic habit (it grows mainly on the trunks and branches of trees) and restricted distribution in Oceania and several Pacific Islands.
What are Ferns?
· Ferns are plants that do not have flowers. · Similar to flowering plants, ferns have roots, stems, and leaves. · However, unlike flowering plants, ferns do not have flowers or seeds; instead, they usually reproduce sexually by tiny spores or sometimes can reproduce vegetatively. |
Context: New research shows that a fork fern species, called Tmesipteris oblanceolata, has a genome that is 7% larger than that of the previous record-holder, the Japanese flowering plant Paris japonica, and more than 50 times the size of the human genome.
Solution (a)
| Option a |
| Correct |
| Tmesipteris oblanceolate:
· It is a rare species of fern which grows primarily on the ground or atop fallen tree trunks on the island nation of New Caledonia (an overseas French territory situated in the Southwest Pacific), and on neighboring islands such as Vanuatu. · It is a small plant, typically 10-15 centimeters (4-6 inches) in height. · It has a record-breaking genome size of 160.45 billion base pairs (Gbp), the units that make up a strand of DNA, 11 billion more than the previous record holder, the Japanese flowering plant Paris japonica, and 50 times more than the human genome. · Tmesipteris is a small genus of ferns whose ancestors evolved about 350 million years ago — well before dinosaurs set foot on Earth. · It is distinguished by its mainly epiphytic habit (it grows mainly on the trunks and branches of trees) and restricted distribution in Oceania and several Pacific Islands.
What are Ferns?
· Ferns are plants that do not have flowers. · Similar to flowering plants, ferns have roots, stems, and leaves. · However, unlike flowering plants, ferns do not have flowers or seeds; instead, they usually reproduce sexually by tiny spores or sometimes can reproduce vegetatively. |
Context: New research shows that a fork fern species, called Tmesipteris oblanceolata, has a genome that is 7% larger than that of the previous record-holder, the Japanese flowering plant Paris japonica, and more than 50 times the size of the human genome.
