IASbaba Prelims 60 Days Plan, Rapid Revision Series (RaRe)
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The 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series is IASbaba’s Flagship Initiative recommended by Toppers and loved by the aspirants’ community every year.
It is the most comprehensive program which will help you complete the syllabus, revise and practice tests on a daily basis. The Programme on a daily basis includes
Daily Prelims MCQs from Static (Monday – Saturday)
- Daily Static Quiz will cover all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology.
- 20 questions will be posted daily and these questions are framed from the topics mentioned in the schedule.
- It will ensure timely and streamlined revision of your static subjects.
Daily Current Affairs MCQs (Monday – Saturday)
- Daily 5 Current Affairs questions, based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, would be published from Monday to Saturday according to the schedule.
Daily CSAT Quiz (Monday – Friday)
- CSAT has been an Achilles heel for many aspirants.
- Daily 5 CSAT Questions will be published.
Note – Daily Test of 20 static questions, 10 current affairs, and 5 CSAT questions. (35 Prelims Questions) in QUIZ FORMAT will be updated on a daily basis.
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Question 1 of 35
1. Question
Which of the following can be considered as the major factors that can be attributed to the success of the English against other European powers in India?
- The complete government ownership of the English East India Company.
- The advancement of the Royal Navy of Britain.
- Beginning of Industrial Revolution in England.
- Use of debt markets by Britain to fund its wars.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Solution (c)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Statement 4 Incorrect Correct Correct Correct Structure and Nature of the Trading Companies: The English East India Company, formed through the amalgamation of several rival companies at home, was controlled by a board of directors whose members were elected annually. The shareholders of the company exercised considerable influence, as the votes could be bought and sold through the purchase of shares. The trading companies of France and Portugal were largely owned by the State and their nature was in many ways feudalistic. Naval Superiority: The Royal Navy of Britain was not only the largest; it was the most advanced of its times. The victory against the Spanish Armada and against the French at Trafalgar had put the Royal Navy at the peak of the European naval forces. In India too, the British were able to defeat the Portuguese and the French due to the strong and fast movement of the naval ships. The English learned from the Portuguese the importance of an efficient navy and improved their own fleet technologically. Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution started in England in the early 18th century, with the invention of new machines like the spinning Jenny, steam engine, the power loom and several others. These machines greatly improved productivity in the fields of textiles, metallurgy, steam power, and agriculture. The industrial revolution reached other European nations late and this helped England to maintain its hegemony. Use of Debt Market: One of the major and innovative reasons why Britain succeeded between the mid-eighteenth century and the mid-nineteenth century, while other European nations fell, was that it used the debt markets to fund its wars. The world‘s first central bank—the Bank of England—was established to sell government debt to the money markets on the promise of a decent return on Britain‘s defeating rival countries like France and Spain. Britain was thus enabled to spend much more on its military than its rivals. Britain’s rival France could not match the expenditure of the English; between 1694 and 1812, first under the monarchs, then under the revolutionary governments, and finally under Napoleon Bonaparte, France simply went bankrupt with its outdated ways of raising money. Incorrect
Solution (c)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Statement 4 Incorrect Correct Correct Correct Structure and Nature of the Trading Companies: The English East India Company, formed through the amalgamation of several rival companies at home, was controlled by a board of directors whose members were elected annually. The shareholders of the company exercised considerable influence, as the votes could be bought and sold through the purchase of shares. The trading companies of France and Portugal were largely owned by the State and their nature was in many ways feudalistic. Naval Superiority: The Royal Navy of Britain was not only the largest; it was the most advanced of its times. The victory against the Spanish Armada and against the French at Trafalgar had put the Royal Navy at the peak of the European naval forces. In India too, the British were able to defeat the Portuguese and the French due to the strong and fast movement of the naval ships. The English learned from the Portuguese the importance of an efficient navy and improved their own fleet technologically. Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution started in England in the early 18th century, with the invention of new machines like the spinning Jenny, steam engine, the power loom and several others. These machines greatly improved productivity in the fields of textiles, metallurgy, steam power, and agriculture. The industrial revolution reached other European nations late and this helped England to maintain its hegemony. Use of Debt Market: One of the major and innovative reasons why Britain succeeded between the mid-eighteenth century and the mid-nineteenth century, while other European nations fell, was that it used the debt markets to fund its wars. The world‘s first central bank—the Bank of England—was established to sell government debt to the money markets on the promise of a decent return on Britain‘s defeating rival countries like France and Spain. Britain was thus enabled to spend much more on its military than its rivals. Britain’s rival France could not match the expenditure of the English; between 1694 and 1812, first under the monarchs, then under the revolutionary governments, and finally under Napoleon Bonaparte, France simply went bankrupt with its outdated ways of raising money. -
Question 2 of 35
2. Question
With reference to the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765, which of the following statements is/are correct?
- Allahabad and Banaras were surrendered to Shah Alam II by Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula.
- Shah Alam – II agreed to pay Rs.50 lakh to company as war indemnity.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution (d)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Incorrect Incorrect Robert Clive concluded two important treaties at Allahabad in August 1765 – one with the Nawab of Awadh and the other with the Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam II. Under this treaty, Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-Daula agreed to surrender Allahabad and Kara to Emperor Shah Alam II.
Under this treaty, Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-Daula agreed to pay Rs 50 lakh to the Company as war indemnity. Incorrect
Solution (d)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Incorrect Incorrect Robert Clive concluded two important treaties at Allahabad in August 1765 – one with the Nawab of Awadh and the other with the Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam II. Under this treaty, Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-Daula agreed to surrender Allahabad and Kara to Emperor Shah Alam II.
Under this treaty, Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-Daula agreed to pay Rs 50 lakh to the Company as war indemnity. -
Question 3 of 35
3. Question
With reference to rule of European powers in India, who among the following introduced Blue Water Policy?
Correct
Solution (b)
Blue Water Policy:
- In 1505, the King of Portugal appointed a governor Francisco De Almeida in India for a three-year term and he was asked to consolidate the position of the Portuguese in India and to destroy Muslim trade by seizing Aden, Ormuz and Malacca.
- Francisco de Almeida wanted that Portuguese should maintain supremacy on sea and confine their activities to purely commercial transactions and to realize his vision he implemented Blue Water Policy.
- The Blue Water Policy was the fortification of Indian Ocean, not for the security but for the establishment of Portuguese business in the Indian Ocean.
- The Blue water policy was reversed by Alfonso de Albuquerque.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Blue Water Policy:
- In 1505, the King of Portugal appointed a governor Francisco De Almeida in India for a three-year term and he was asked to consolidate the position of the Portuguese in India and to destroy Muslim trade by seizing Aden, Ormuz and Malacca.
- Francisco de Almeida wanted that Portuguese should maintain supremacy on sea and confine their activities to purely commercial transactions and to realize his vision he implemented Blue Water Policy.
- The Blue Water Policy was the fortification of Indian Ocean, not for the security but for the establishment of Portuguese business in the Indian Ocean.
- The Blue water policy was reversed by Alfonso de Albuquerque.
-
Question 4 of 35
4. Question
Consider the following pairs:
Battle Emperor/Ruler associated
- Battle of Karnal Ahmed Shah
- Battle of Plassey Muhammad Shah
- Battle of Buxar Shah Alam II
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Correct
Solution (a)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Incorrect Incorrect Correct Battle of Karnal: It was held between Nadir Shah and Mughals (Emperor Muhammad Shah) in 1739 and Mughals were defeated in the war and later Muhammad Shah was imprisoned and annexed areas west of the Indus into the Persian Empire.
Battle of Plassey: The battle was fought between the East India Company headed by Robert Clive and the Nawab of Bengal (Siraj-Ud-Daulah) and his French Troop in 1757. This battle is often termed as the ‘decisive event’ which became the source of ultimate rule of the British in India. Mughal emperor Alamgir-II was ruling the empire when the Battle of Plassey took place.
Battle of Buxar: It was a battle fought between the English Forces, and a joint army of the Nawab of Oudh, Nawab of Bengal, and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II in 1764. The battle was the result of misuse of trade privileges granted by the Nawab of Bengal and also the colonialist ambitions of East India Company.
Incorrect
Solution (a)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Incorrect Incorrect Correct Battle of Karnal: It was held between Nadir Shah and Mughals (Emperor Muhammad Shah) in 1739 and Mughals were defeated in the war and later Muhammad Shah was imprisoned and annexed areas west of the Indus into the Persian Empire.
Battle of Plassey: The battle was fought between the East India Company headed by Robert Clive and the Nawab of Bengal (Siraj-Ud-Daulah) and his French Troop in 1757. This battle is often termed as the ‘decisive event’ which became the source of ultimate rule of the British in India. Mughal emperor Alamgir-II was ruling the empire when the Battle of Plassey took place.
Battle of Buxar: It was a battle fought between the English Forces, and a joint army of the Nawab of Oudh, Nawab of Bengal, and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II in 1764. The battle was the result of misuse of trade privileges granted by the Nawab of Bengal and also the colonialist ambitions of East India Company.
-
Question 5 of 35
5. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the Battle of Buxar:
- This made the English a great power in northern India and contenders for the supremacy over the whole country.
- The treaty of Allahabad made Nawab of Awadh a firm friend of the company as Awadh was not annexed.
- The treaty of Allahabad made Shah Alam II agreed to reside at Allahabad which was to be ceded to him by Nawab of Awadh under the company’s protection.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Solution (c)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Correct Correct In the Battle of Buxar, not only the Nawab of Bengal but also the Mughal emperor of India was defeated by the English. The victory made the English a great power in northern India and contenders for the supremacy over the whole country. Clive did not want to annex Awadh because it would have placed the company under obligation to protect an extensive land frontier from the Afghan and the Maratha invasions. The treaty made Nawab a firm friend of the company and turned Awadh into a buffer state. The battle culminated into Treaty of Allahabad according to which Shah Alam II, the Mughal emperor agreed to reside at Allahabad, to be ceded to him by the Nawab of Awadh, under the company’s protection. He issued a Farman granting the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company in lieu of an annual payment. Incorrect
Solution (c)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Correct Correct In the Battle of Buxar, not only the Nawab of Bengal but also the Mughal emperor of India was defeated by the English. The victory made the English a great power in northern India and contenders for the supremacy over the whole country. Clive did not want to annex Awadh because it would have placed the company under obligation to protect an extensive land frontier from the Afghan and the Maratha invasions. The treaty made Nawab a firm friend of the company and turned Awadh into a buffer state. The battle culminated into Treaty of Allahabad according to which Shah Alam II, the Mughal emperor agreed to reside at Allahabad, to be ceded to him by the Nawab of Awadh, under the company’s protection. He issued a Farman granting the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company in lieu of an annual payment. -
Question 6 of 35
6. Question
Consider the following statements:
- Under the Treaty of 1760, Mir Kasim ceded to the English the districts of Burdwan, Midnapur and Chittagong.
- The Mughal Emperor of India was a participant in the Battle of Buxar.
- The Treaty of Allahabad granted the diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Solution (c)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Correct Correct After the Battle of Plassey, Mir Jafar was made the nawab of Bengal by the British. He was expected to show his generosity to the British. However, he got irritated with the interference of Robert Clive and entered into a conspiracy with the Dutch. The Dutch were defeated by the English in the Battle of Bedara in 1759. Hence, the Treaty of 1760 was signed between the new puppet nawab of Bengal, Mir Kasim and the English. Under the treaty, Mir Kasim agreed to cede the districts of Burdwan, Midnapore and Chittagong. The Battle of Buxar was fought between the combined armies of Mir Kasim, Shah Alam II and the Nawab of Awadh on 22nd October 1764. Shah Alam II was the then Mughal Emperor of India. The Battle of Buxar was important in the sense that for the first time, the Emperor of India was defeated by the English. Robert Clive concluded a treaty with the Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam II. Under the Treaty of Allahabad (1765), Shah Alam II granted the diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company. Incorrect
Solution (c)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Correct Correct After the Battle of Plassey, Mir Jafar was made the nawab of Bengal by the British. He was expected to show his generosity to the British. However, he got irritated with the interference of Robert Clive and entered into a conspiracy with the Dutch. The Dutch were defeated by the English in the Battle of Bedara in 1759. Hence, the Treaty of 1760 was signed between the new puppet nawab of Bengal, Mir Kasim and the English. Under the treaty, Mir Kasim agreed to cede the districts of Burdwan, Midnapore and Chittagong. The Battle of Buxar was fought between the combined armies of Mir Kasim, Shah Alam II and the Nawab of Awadh on 22nd October 1764. Shah Alam II was the then Mughal Emperor of India. The Battle of Buxar was important in the sense that for the first time, the Emperor of India was defeated by the English. Robert Clive concluded a treaty with the Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam II. Under the Treaty of Allahabad (1765), Shah Alam II granted the diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company. -
Question 7 of 35
7. Question
Consider the following statements:
- The French were the last Europeans to be defeated by the British in India.
- Burma was the last territory to be annexed by the British into India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Solution (c)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Correct Correct The treaty of Paris made after the third Anglo Carnatic war in 1763 made French to the last Europeans to be defeated by the British in India. The Third Anglo Burmese war marked the end of the Annexation of the British Indian empire. With the addition of Burma province into British India in 1886, the lieutenant governorship was established into the province. Incorrect
Solution (c)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Correct Correct The treaty of Paris made after the third Anglo Carnatic war in 1763 made French to the last Europeans to be defeated by the British in India. The Third Anglo Burmese war marked the end of the Annexation of the British Indian empire. With the addition of Burma province into British India in 1886, the lieutenant governorship was established into the province. -
Question 8 of 35
8. Question
Though the Portuguese were the first to arrive in India, they were incapable of maintaining a trade monopoly in the East for a long because-
- Its merchants enjoyed more power than its landed aristocrats.
- Portuguese lagged behind in the development of shipping as compared to other European powers.
- They followed a policy of religious intolerance.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Solution (b)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Incorrect Correct Correct By the 18th century, the Portuguese in India lost their commercial influence, though some of them still carried on trade in their individual capacity and many took to piracy and robbery. The decline of the Portuguese was brought about by several factors. The local advantages gained by the Portuguese in India were reduced with the emergence of powerful dynasties in Egypt, Persia, and North India and the rise of the turbulent Marathas as their immediate neighbors. (The Marathas captured Salsette and Bassein in 1739 from the Portuguese).
The population of Portuguese was less than a million, its Court was autocratic and decadent, and its merchants enjoyed much less power and prestige than its landed aristocrats.
The earlier monopoly of knowledge of the sea route to India held by the Portuguese could not remain a secret forever; soon enough the Dutch and the English, who were learning the skills of ocean navigation, also learned it and outshined the Portuguese. They lagged behind in the development of shipping as compared to other European powers. They followed a policy of religious intolerance. The religious policies of the Portuguese, such as the activities of the Jesuits, gave rise to political fears. Their antagonism for the Muslims apart, the Portuguese policy of conversion to Christianity made Hindus also resentful. Note:
- As new trading communities from Europe arrived in India, there began a fierce rivalry among them. In this struggle, the Portuguese had to give way to the more powerful and enterprising competitors.
- The Dutch and the English had greater resources and more compulsions to expand overseas, and they overcame the Portuguese resistance.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Incorrect Correct Correct By the 18th century, the Portuguese in India lost their commercial influence, though some of them still carried on trade in their individual capacity and many took to piracy and robbery. The decline of the Portuguese was brought about by several factors. The local advantages gained by the Portuguese in India were reduced with the emergence of powerful dynasties in Egypt, Persia, and North India and the rise of the turbulent Marathas as their immediate neighbors. (The Marathas captured Salsette and Bassein in 1739 from the Portuguese).
The population of Portuguese was less than a million, its Court was autocratic and decadent, and its merchants enjoyed much less power and prestige than its landed aristocrats.
The earlier monopoly of knowledge of the sea route to India held by the Portuguese could not remain a secret forever; soon enough the Dutch and the English, who were learning the skills of ocean navigation, also learned it and outshined the Portuguese. They lagged behind in the development of shipping as compared to other European powers. They followed a policy of religious intolerance. The religious policies of the Portuguese, such as the activities of the Jesuits, gave rise to political fears. Their antagonism for the Muslims apart, the Portuguese policy of conversion to Christianity made Hindus also resentful. Note:
- As new trading communities from Europe arrived in India, there began a fierce rivalry among them. In this struggle, the Portuguese had to give way to the more powerful and enterprising competitors.
- The Dutch and the English had greater resources and more compulsions to expand overseas, and they overcame the Portuguese resistance.
-
Question 9 of 35
9. Question
Consider the following statements with reference to the Anglo-Dutch rivalry:
- The Anglo-Dutch compromise involved the Dutch withdrawal from the spice islands of Indonesia.
- The victory of the British in the Battle of Hooghly led to the final collapse of the Dutch in India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Solution (b)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Incorrect Correct In the middle of the seventeenth century, the English began to emerge as a big colonial power. The Anglo-Dutch rivalry lasted for about seven decades during which period the Dutch lost their settlements to the British one by one. The English were also at this time rising to prominence in the Eastern trade, and this posed a serious challenge to the commercial interests of the Dutch. A commercial rivalry soon turned into bloody warfare.
After prolonged warfare, both the parties came to a compromise in 1667 by which the British agreed to withdraw all their claims on Indonesia, and the Dutch retired from India to concentrate on their more profitable trade in Indonesia. They monopolized the trade in black pepper and spices.
In the Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672-74), communications between Surat and the new English settlement of Bombay got cut due to which three homebound English ships were captured in the Bay of Bengal by the Dutch forces. The retaliation by the English resulted in the defeat of the Dutch. The Battle of Chinsurah (also known as the Battle of Hooghly) took place near Chinsurah, India on 25 November 1759), which dealt a crushing blow to Dutch ambitions in India.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Incorrect Correct In the middle of the seventeenth century, the English began to emerge as a big colonial power. The Anglo-Dutch rivalry lasted for about seven decades during which period the Dutch lost their settlements to the British one by one. The English were also at this time rising to prominence in the Eastern trade, and this posed a serious challenge to the commercial interests of the Dutch. A commercial rivalry soon turned into bloody warfare.
After prolonged warfare, both the parties came to a compromise in 1667 by which the British agreed to withdraw all their claims on Indonesia, and the Dutch retired from India to concentrate on their more profitable trade in Indonesia. They monopolized the trade in black pepper and spices.
In the Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672-74), communications between Surat and the new English settlement of Bombay got cut due to which three homebound English ships were captured in the Bay of Bengal by the Dutch forces. The retaliation by the English resulted in the defeat of the Dutch. The Battle of Chinsurah (also known as the Battle of Hooghly) took place near Chinsurah, India on 25 November 1759), which dealt a crushing blow to Dutch ambitions in India.
-
Question 10 of 35
10. Question
The Battle of Wandiwash was one of the decisive battles in the struggle among European powers in India. It was fought between which of the following countries?
Correct
Solution (b)
Battle of Wandiwash:
- The outbreak of the Seven Years’ War in Europe between England and France in 1756 provided the context for the third and decisive round of the Anglo-French conflict in south India. The most decisive battle of the Third Carnatic War was the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760.
- In the Battle of Wandiwash, General Eyre Coote of the English defeated the French army under Count Thomas Arthur de Lally and took Bussy as a prisoner.
- French also lost Pondicherry to the British.
- During the Third Carnatic War, the French lost their positions in India. However, by the Peace of Paris in 1763 France got back all the factories and settlements that it possessed in India prior to 1749.
- But the balance of power in India had by now decisively changed with the steady expansion of the power of the English company.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Battle of Wandiwash:
- The outbreak of the Seven Years’ War in Europe between England and France in 1756 provided the context for the third and decisive round of the Anglo-French conflict in south India. The most decisive battle of the Third Carnatic War was the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760.
- In the Battle of Wandiwash, General Eyre Coote of the English defeated the French army under Count Thomas Arthur de Lally and took Bussy as a prisoner.
- French also lost Pondicherry to the British.
- During the Third Carnatic War, the French lost their positions in India. However, by the Peace of Paris in 1763 France got back all the factories and settlements that it possessed in India prior to 1749.
- But the balance of power in India had by now decisively changed with the steady expansion of the power of the English company.
-
Question 11 of 35
11. Question
Consider the following pairs:
European Commercial Companies Base
- Portuguese Panaji
- Dutch Masulipatnam
- French Pondicherry
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Correct
Solution (c)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Correct Correct Portuguese – Panaji in 1510 Dutch – Masulipatnam in 1605 French – Pondicherry in 1673 Note:
- The European commercial Companies had set up base in different places early during the Mughal era.
- With the expansion of commercial activity, towns grew around these trading centers. By the end of the eighteenth century the land-based empires in Asia were replaced by the powerful sea-based European empires.
- Forces of international trade, mercantilism and capitalism now came to define the nature of society.
Incorrect
Solution (c)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Correct Correct Portuguese – Panaji in 1510 Dutch – Masulipatnam in 1605 French – Pondicherry in 1673 Note:
- The European commercial Companies had set up base in different places early during the Mughal era.
- With the expansion of commercial activity, towns grew around these trading centers. By the end of the eighteenth century the land-based empires in Asia were replaced by the powerful sea-based European empires.
- Forces of international trade, mercantilism and capitalism now came to define the nature of society.
-
Question 12 of 35
12. Question
Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding Battle of Plassey?
- It ousted the French permanently from Bengal.
- It recognized the sovereignty of the English over Calcutta.
- It culminated into the Treaty of Alinagar.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Solution (c)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Correct Correct The Battle of Plassey, 1757 had laid the foundation of British Empire in India. Robert Clive forged a secret alliance with Mir Jafar to win the battle. Due to the conspiracy of Nawab’s officials, 50,000 strong forces of Siraj was defeated by a handful of Clive’s forces. After the victory of British, Mir Jafer became the Nawab of Bengal. He gave large sums of money plus the Zamindari of 24 parganas to the English.The battle established the military supremacy of the English over Bengal and their main rivals French were ousted. The sovereignty of the English over Calcutta was recognized and the English posted a Resident at the Nawab’s court. Siraj-ud- daula had to sign treaty of Alinagar (the new name of Calcutta, practically conceding all demands of the English. The English became so confident that they attacked Chandernagar, the French settlement again challenging the sovereignty of Nawab. Incorrect
Solution (c)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Correct Correct The Battle of Plassey, 1757 had laid the foundation of British Empire in India. Robert Clive forged a secret alliance with Mir Jafar to win the battle. Due to the conspiracy of Nawab’s officials, 50,000 strong forces of Siraj was defeated by a handful of Clive’s forces. After the victory of British, Mir Jafer became the Nawab of Bengal. He gave large sums of money plus the Zamindari of 24 parganas to the English.The battle established the military supremacy of the English over Bengal and their main rivals French were ousted. The sovereignty of the English over Calcutta was recognized and the English posted a Resident at the Nawab’s court. Siraj-ud- daula had to sign treaty of Alinagar (the new name of Calcutta, practically conceding all demands of the English. The English became so confident that they attacked Chandernagar, the French settlement again challenging the sovereignty of Nawab. -
Question 13 of 35
13. Question
Consider the following statements:
- The French were the last Europeans to come to India with the purpose of trade.
- Mahe and Balasore were important trading centres of the French East India Company.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Solution (c)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Correct Correct The French harbored a wish to engage in the commerce of the East since the opening years of the sixteenth century, their appearance on the Indian coasts was late. They were the last Europeans to come to India with the purpose of trade. Colbert laid the foundation of the Compagnie des Indes Orientales (French East India Company) in 1664, which was granted a 50-year monopoly on French trade in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In 1667, Francois Caron headed an expedition to India. Consequently, the first French factory in India was established at Surat in 1668 and a later one at Masulipatnam in 1669. In 1673, Sher Khan Lodi, the governor of Valikondapuram (under the Bijapur Sultan), granted Francois Martin, the director of the Masulipatnam factory, a site for a settlement. Pondicherry was founded in 1674. In the same year, Francois Martin replaced Caron as the French governor. The French company established its factories in other parts of India also, particularly in the coastal regions. Mahe, Karaikal, Balasore and Qasim Bazar were a few important trading centres of the French East India Company. Incorrect
Solution (c)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Correct Correct The French harbored a wish to engage in the commerce of the East since the opening years of the sixteenth century, their appearance on the Indian coasts was late. They were the last Europeans to come to India with the purpose of trade. Colbert laid the foundation of the Compagnie des Indes Orientales (French East India Company) in 1664, which was granted a 50-year monopoly on French trade in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In 1667, Francois Caron headed an expedition to India. Consequently, the first French factory in India was established at Surat in 1668 and a later one at Masulipatnam in 1669. In 1673, Sher Khan Lodi, the governor of Valikondapuram (under the Bijapur Sultan), granted Francois Martin, the director of the Masulipatnam factory, a site for a settlement. Pondicherry was founded in 1674. In the same year, Francois Martin replaced Caron as the French governor. The French company established its factories in other parts of India also, particularly in the coastal regions. Mahe, Karaikal, Balasore and Qasim Bazar were a few important trading centres of the French East India Company. -
Question 14 of 35
14. Question
The Battle of Plassey paved the way for the British mastery of Bengal and eventually of the whole of India. Which of the following were the reasons for the Battle of Plassey?
- Misuse of dastaks by company’s officials in private capacity
- Fortification of Calcutta
- Abolition of duties on internal trade by the Nawab
- Shifting of capital from Murshidabad to Munger
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Solution (b)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Statement 4 Correct Correct Incorrect Incorrect This Farman was a perpetual source of conflict between the Company and the Nawabs of Bengal. For one, it meant the loss of revenue to the Bengal Government. Secondly, the power to issue dastaks for the Company’s goods was misused by the Company’s servants to evade taxes on their private trade.
Without taking the Nawab’s permission, the Company began to fortify Calcutta in expectation of the coming struggle with the French, who were stationed at this time at Chandernagore. Mir Qasim treated Indian merchants and English as same, without granting any special privileges for the latter. Therefore, abolition of duties on internal trade by the Nawab Mir Qasim was one of the reasons to Battle of Buxar.
Mir Qasim wanted to be independent and shifted his capital to Munger Fort from Calcutta. This was one of the reasons to Battle of Buxar.
Causes of the Battle of Plassey:
- The Company had secured valuable privileges in 1717 under a royal farman by the Mughal Emperor, which had granted the Company the freedom to export and import their goods in Bengal without paying taxes and the right to issue passes or dastaks for the movement of such goods. The Company’s servants were also permitted to trade but were not covered by this Farman and were required to pay the same taxes as Indian merchants.
- This Farman was a perpetual source of conflict between the Company and the Nawabs of Bengal. For one, it meant the loss of revenue to the Bengal Government.
- Secondly, the power to issue dastaks for the Company’s goods was misused by the Company’s servants to evade taxes on their private trade.
- Without taking the Nawab’s permission, the Company began to fortify Calcutta in expectation of the coming struggle with the French, who were stationed at this time at Chandernagore.
- Siraj-ud-Daulah interpreted this as an attack on his sovereignty and ordered both the English and French to demolish their fortifications.
- While the French obliged, English refused to do so. This set the stage for a battle that took place on the fi eld of Plassey on 23rd June 1757.
- The fateful battle of Plassey was a battle only in name. In all, the English lost 29 men while the Nawab lost nearly 500. The major part of the Nawab’s army, led by the traitors Mir Jafar and Rai Durlabh, took no part in the fighting.
- After the battle, Mir Jafar was proclaimed the Nawab of Bengal and the company was granted undisputed right to free trade in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. It also received the zamindari of the 24 Parganas near Calcutta.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Statement 4 Correct Correct Incorrect Incorrect This Farman was a perpetual source of conflict between the Company and the Nawabs of Bengal. For one, it meant the loss of revenue to the Bengal Government. Secondly, the power to issue dastaks for the Company’s goods was misused by the Company’s servants to evade taxes on their private trade.
Without taking the Nawab’s permission, the Company began to fortify Calcutta in expectation of the coming struggle with the French, who were stationed at this time at Chandernagore. Mir Qasim treated Indian merchants and English as same, without granting any special privileges for the latter. Therefore, abolition of duties on internal trade by the Nawab Mir Qasim was one of the reasons to Battle of Buxar.
Mir Qasim wanted to be independent and shifted his capital to Munger Fort from Calcutta. This was one of the reasons to Battle of Buxar.
Causes of the Battle of Plassey:
- The Company had secured valuable privileges in 1717 under a royal farman by the Mughal Emperor, which had granted the Company the freedom to export and import their goods in Bengal without paying taxes and the right to issue passes or dastaks for the movement of such goods. The Company’s servants were also permitted to trade but were not covered by this Farman and were required to pay the same taxes as Indian merchants.
- This Farman was a perpetual source of conflict between the Company and the Nawabs of Bengal. For one, it meant the loss of revenue to the Bengal Government.
- Secondly, the power to issue dastaks for the Company’s goods was misused by the Company’s servants to evade taxes on their private trade.
- Without taking the Nawab’s permission, the Company began to fortify Calcutta in expectation of the coming struggle with the French, who were stationed at this time at Chandernagore.
- Siraj-ud-Daulah interpreted this as an attack on his sovereignty and ordered both the English and French to demolish their fortifications.
- While the French obliged, English refused to do so. This set the stage for a battle that took place on the fi eld of Plassey on 23rd June 1757.
- The fateful battle of Plassey was a battle only in name. In all, the English lost 29 men while the Nawab lost nearly 500. The major part of the Nawab’s army, led by the traitors Mir Jafar and Rai Durlabh, took no part in the fighting.
- After the battle, Mir Jafar was proclaimed the Nawab of Bengal and the company was granted undisputed right to free trade in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. It also received the zamindari of the 24 Parganas near Calcutta.
-
Question 15 of 35
15. Question
Which of the following statements is incorrect with regard to Subsidiary Alliance?
Correct
Solution (b)
a) b) c) d) Correct Incorrect Correct Correct According to the terms of Subsidiary Alliance, the Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed forces. They were to be protected by the Company, but had to pay for the ‘subsidiary forces’ that the Company was supposed to maintain for the purpose of this protection. The States had to pay the company for the protection under the Subsidiary Alliance in the form of cash or territory. Diwani rights were not given to the company. According to the terms of Subsidiary Alliance, if the Indian rulers failed to make the payment, then part of their territory was taken away as penalty. The policy of Subsidiary alliance was used by Lord Wellesley to further the process of expansion of the Company’s rule in India. When he was Governor General (1798-1805), the Nawab of Awadh was forced to give over half of his territory to the Company in 1801, as he failed to pay for the ‘subsidiary forces’. Hyderabad was also forced to cede territories on similar grounds. Incorrect
Solution (b)
a) b) c) d) Correct Incorrect Correct Correct According to the terms of Subsidiary Alliance, the Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed forces. They were to be protected by the Company, but had to pay for the ‘subsidiary forces’ that the Company was supposed to maintain for the purpose of this protection. The States had to pay the company for the protection under the Subsidiary Alliance in the form of cash or territory. Diwani rights were not given to the company. According to the terms of Subsidiary Alliance, if the Indian rulers failed to make the payment, then part of their territory was taken away as penalty. The policy of Subsidiary alliance was used by Lord Wellesley to further the process of expansion of the Company’s rule in India. When he was Governor General (1798-1805), the Nawab of Awadh was forced to give over half of his territory to the Company in 1801, as he failed to pay for the ‘subsidiary forces’. Hyderabad was also forced to cede territories on similar grounds. -
Question 16 of 35
16. Question
With reference to the policy of annexation by diplomacy and administrative mechanisms by British, consider the following pairs:
Governor-General Policy
- Lord Hastings Ring fence
- Lord Wellesley Subsidiary alliance
- Lord Dalhousie Doctrine of lapse
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Correct
Solution (c)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Correct Correct Policy of Ring Fence: It is followed by Warren Hastings, under which aimed at creating buffer zones to defend the Company’s frontiers. Broadly speaking, it was the policy of defence of their neighbours’ frontiers for safeguarding their own territories. This policy of Warren Hastings was reflected in his war against the Marathas and Mysore.
Policy of Subsidiary Alliance: It is followed by Lord Wellesley, under which the allying Indian state’s ruler was compelled to accept the permanent stationing of a British force within his territory and to pay a subsidy for its maintenance. Also, the Indian ruler had to agree to the posting of a British resident in his court. Under the system, the Indian ruler could not employ any European in his service without the prior approval of the British. Nor could he negotiate with any other Indian ruler without consulting the governor-general. In return for all this, the British would defend the ruler from his enemies and adopt a policy of noninterference in the internal matters of the allied state.
Policy of Doctrine of Lapse: It is followed by Lord Dalhousie, under which the adopted son could be the heir to his foster father’s private property, but not the state; it was for the paramount power (the British) to decide whether to bestow the state on the adopted son or to annex it.
Incorrect
Solution (c)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Correct Correct Policy of Ring Fence: It is followed by Warren Hastings, under which aimed at creating buffer zones to defend the Company’s frontiers. Broadly speaking, it was the policy of defence of their neighbours’ frontiers for safeguarding their own territories. This policy of Warren Hastings was reflected in his war against the Marathas and Mysore.
Policy of Subsidiary Alliance: It is followed by Lord Wellesley, under which the allying Indian state’s ruler was compelled to accept the permanent stationing of a British force within his territory and to pay a subsidy for its maintenance. Also, the Indian ruler had to agree to the posting of a British resident in his court. Under the system, the Indian ruler could not employ any European in his service without the prior approval of the British. Nor could he negotiate with any other Indian ruler without consulting the governor-general. In return for all this, the British would defend the ruler from his enemies and adopt a policy of noninterference in the internal matters of the allied state.
Policy of Doctrine of Lapse: It is followed by Lord Dalhousie, under which the adopted son could be the heir to his foster father’s private property, but not the state; it was for the paramount power (the British) to decide whether to bestow the state on the adopted son or to annex it.
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Question 17 of 35
17. Question
Which of the statements are correct regarding the Ring-Fencing policy?
- It was meant to keep India safe from Napoleonic danger.
- The states brought under the system were assured of military assistance against external aggression at their own expense.
- The forces in the allied states were organized, equipped and commanded by the officers of the company.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Solution (b)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Incorrect Correct Correct Warren Hastings followed this policy to counter the powerful combination of the Marathas, Mysore and Hyderabad. He followed a policy of Ring-fence (1773-1785) which aimed at creating buffer zones to defend the company’s frontiers. It was the subsidiary alliance policy adopted by Wellesley to keep India safe from Napoleonic danger. The states brought under the ring-fence system were assured of military assistance against external aggression at their own expense. To safeguard against the dangers from afghan invaders and the Marathas, the East India company undertook to organize the defence of the frontiers. For example, to defend the Bengal, it required to defend the frontier of Awadh. Thus, in ring fence policy the Allies were required to maintain forces which were to be organized, equipped and commanded by the officers of the company who in turn were to be paid by the rulers of these states. Incorrect
Solution (b)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Incorrect Correct Correct Warren Hastings followed this policy to counter the powerful combination of the Marathas, Mysore and Hyderabad. He followed a policy of Ring-fence (1773-1785) which aimed at creating buffer zones to defend the company’s frontiers. It was the subsidiary alliance policy adopted by Wellesley to keep India safe from Napoleonic danger. The states brought under the ring-fence system were assured of military assistance against external aggression at their own expense. To safeguard against the dangers from afghan invaders and the Marathas, the East India company undertook to organize the defence of the frontiers. For example, to defend the Bengal, it required to defend the frontier of Awadh. Thus, in ring fence policy the Allies were required to maintain forces which were to be organized, equipped and commanded by the officers of the company who in turn were to be paid by the rulers of these states. -
Question 18 of 35
18. Question
Consider the following pairs:
Treaty War
- Treaty of Yandabo First Anglo-Burmese War
- Treaty of Surat First Anglo-Maratha War
- Treaty of Lahore First Anglo-Sikh War
How many of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Correct
Solution (b)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Incorrect Correct The Treaty of Yandabo was the peace treaty that ended the First Anglo-Burmese War. The treaty was signed in 1826, nearly two years after the war formally broke out. It was signed by General Sir Archibald Campbell on the British side, and the Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side, without any due permission and consent of the Ahom kingdom, Kachari kingdom or the other territories covered in the treaty. The Treaty of Salbai was signed in 1782, by representatives of the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company after long negotiations to settle the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-82). It was signed between Warren Hastings and Mahadaji Scindia. The Treaty of Surat was signed in 1775 between Raghunath Rao, a claimant to the throne of the Peshwa and the British East India Company at Bombay. The Treaty of Lahore, signed in 1846, was a peace treaty marking the end of the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-46). The control of the rivers Sutlej and Beas and part of the Indus passed to the British, with the provison that this was not to interfere with the passage of passenger boats owned by the Lahore Government. Also, provision was made for the separate sale of all the hilly regions between River Beas and Indus, including Kashmir, by the East India Company at a later date to Gulab Singh, the Raja of Jammu. Incorrect
Solution (b)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Incorrect Correct The Treaty of Yandabo was the peace treaty that ended the First Anglo-Burmese War. The treaty was signed in 1826, nearly two years after the war formally broke out. It was signed by General Sir Archibald Campbell on the British side, and the Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side, without any due permission and consent of the Ahom kingdom, Kachari kingdom or the other territories covered in the treaty. The Treaty of Salbai was signed in 1782, by representatives of the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company after long negotiations to settle the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-82). It was signed between Warren Hastings and Mahadaji Scindia. The Treaty of Surat was signed in 1775 between Raghunath Rao, a claimant to the throne of the Peshwa and the British East India Company at Bombay. The Treaty of Lahore, signed in 1846, was a peace treaty marking the end of the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-46). The control of the rivers Sutlej and Beas and part of the Indus passed to the British, with the provison that this was not to interfere with the passage of passenger boats owned by the Lahore Government. Also, provision was made for the separate sale of all the hilly regions between River Beas and Indus, including Kashmir, by the East India Company at a later date to Gulab Singh, the Raja of Jammu. -
Question 19 of 35
19. Question
With reference to Anglo-Mysore wars, consider the following statements:
- The Treaty of Seringapatam was concluded between Haidar Ali and the English.
- The Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas supported the state of Mysore in the four Anglo-Mysore wars.
- Both Arthur Wellesley and Lord Wellesley were involved in the fourth Anglo-Mysore war.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Solution (a)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Incorrect Incorrect Correct The Treaty of Seringapatam was signed between Tippu Sultan and the English in 1792. Under the treaty, nearly half of the Mysorean territory was taken over by the victors of the third Anglo-Mysore war- the state of Travancore, the British, the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas. The Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas kept changing their strategies with time. During the first Anglo Mysore war, Haidar Ali turned the Nizam and the Marathas against the British through his skillful diplomacy. Later however, Marathas attacked Mysore in 1771. In the second and third Anglo-Mysore war, both Nizam and the British sided with the English forces against the state of Mysore. In 1798, Lord Wellesley succeeded Sir John Shore as the new Governor General of Bengal. He was concerned about the growing friendship between Tippu Sultan and the French. He accused Tippu Sultan of conspiracy against the British. The fourth Anglo-Mysore war that followed was also participated by Arthur Wellesley, the brother of Lord Wellesley. Hence, both Wellesley brothers were involved in the fourth Anglo-Mysore war. Incorrect
Solution (a)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Incorrect Incorrect Correct The Treaty of Seringapatam was signed between Tippu Sultan and the English in 1792. Under the treaty, nearly half of the Mysorean territory was taken over by the victors of the third Anglo-Mysore war- the state of Travancore, the British, the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas. The Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas kept changing their strategies with time. During the first Anglo Mysore war, Haidar Ali turned the Nizam and the Marathas against the British through his skillful diplomacy. Later however, Marathas attacked Mysore in 1771. In the second and third Anglo-Mysore war, both Nizam and the British sided with the English forces against the state of Mysore. In 1798, Lord Wellesley succeeded Sir John Shore as the new Governor General of Bengal. He was concerned about the growing friendship between Tippu Sultan and the French. He accused Tippu Sultan of conspiracy against the British. The fourth Anglo-Mysore war that followed was also participated by Arthur Wellesley, the brother of Lord Wellesley. Hence, both Wellesley brothers were involved in the fourth Anglo-Mysore war. -
Question 20 of 35
20. Question
Consider the following pairs:
Land Revenue System Associated Areas
- Permanent Settlement Bengal and Bihar
- Mahalwari System Madras and Bombay
- Ryotwari Settlement North-West Provinces and Punjab
How many of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Correct
Solution (a)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Incorrect Incorrect Permanent Settlement: It was introduced in Bengal and Bihar in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis through the Permanent Settlement Act.
Under the settlement, Zamindars were to give 10/11th of the rental they derived keeping only 1/11th for themselves and the sums to be paid were fixed in perpetuity.
It was later extended to Orissa, The Northern districts of Madras, and the Districts of Varanasi.
Mahalwari system: It was a modified version of the zamindari settlement introduced in the Gangetic valley, the northwest Provinces, parts of central India, and Punjab.
Cultivation of land was done on a co-sharing basis and the assessment was fixed for the entire village or estate.
The responsibility of paying taxes lay with landlords or heads of families who collectively claimed to be the landlords of the village or the estate.
The settlement was also periodically revised.
Ryotwari system: The British introduced a new form of revenue settlement in Madras, Bombay, and Berar regions called the Ryotwari system.
Under the Ryotwari system, a direct tax contact was established between the ryot (the cultivator) and the state.
The cultivator was to be recognized as the owner of his plot of land subject to the payment of land revenue. It was not permanent and was renegotiated periodically after 20 to 30 years.
Incorrect
Solution (a)
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Incorrect Incorrect Permanent Settlement: It was introduced in Bengal and Bihar in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis through the Permanent Settlement Act.
Under the settlement, Zamindars were to give 10/11th of the rental they derived keeping only 1/11th for themselves and the sums to be paid were fixed in perpetuity.
It was later extended to Orissa, The Northern districts of Madras, and the Districts of Varanasi.
Mahalwari system: It was a modified version of the zamindari settlement introduced in the Gangetic valley, the northwest Provinces, parts of central India, and Punjab.
Cultivation of land was done on a co-sharing basis and the assessment was fixed for the entire village or estate.
The responsibility of paying taxes lay with landlords or heads of families who collectively claimed to be the landlords of the village or the estate.
The settlement was also periodically revised.
Ryotwari system: The British introduced a new form of revenue settlement in Madras, Bombay, and Berar regions called the Ryotwari system.
Under the Ryotwari system, a direct tax contact was established between the ryot (the cultivator) and the state.
The cultivator was to be recognized as the owner of his plot of land subject to the payment of land revenue. It was not permanent and was renegotiated periodically after 20 to 30 years.
-
Question 21 of 35
21. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Sovereign Gold Bond (SGB) Scheme:
- SGBs are issued by the Reserve Bank of India on behalf of the Government of India.
- Its objective is to mobilize the gold held by households and institutions in the country.
- The tenure of the SGB will be for a period of five years with an option of premature redemption after 3rd year.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Solution (b)
- SGBs are issued by the Reserve Bank of India on behalf of the Government of India. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- The main objective of the SGB Scheme is to mobilize the gold held by households and institutions in the country, reduce reliance on the import of gold over time to meet the domestic demand, and promote FDI in the gold and jewellery sector. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- The tenure of the SGB will befor a period of eight years with an option of premature redemption after 5th year. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.
- The minimum permissible investment will beone gram of gold and the maximum limit of subscription shall be 4 Kg for individuals, 4 Kg for HUF, and 20 Kg for trusts and similar entities per fiscal year (April-March) notified by the Government from time to time.
- SGBs will berestricted for sale to resident individuals, HUFs (Hindu Undivided Family), trusts, universities, and charitable institutions.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
- SGBs are issued by the Reserve Bank of India on behalf of the Government of India. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- The main objective of the SGB Scheme is to mobilize the gold held by households and institutions in the country, reduce reliance on the import of gold over time to meet the domestic demand, and promote FDI in the gold and jewellery sector. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- The tenure of the SGB will befor a period of eight years with an option of premature redemption after 5th year. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.
- The minimum permissible investment will beone gram of gold and the maximum limit of subscription shall be 4 Kg for individuals, 4 Kg for HUF, and 20 Kg for trusts and similar entities per fiscal year (April-March) notified by the Government from time to time.
- SGBs will berestricted for sale to resident individuals, HUFs (Hindu Undivided Family), trusts, universities, and charitable institutions.
-
Question 22 of 35
22. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the consent principle for the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI):
- The consent of the state government given to the CBI that can be either case-specific or general.
- No states have withdrawn the general consent given to the CBI till today since 1946.
Choose the correct code:
Correct
Solution (a)
- The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) was established by a resolution of the Ministry of Home Affairs and later transferred to the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances, and Pensions, currently functioning as an attached office. Its establishment was recommended by the Santhanam Committee on the Prevention of Corruption.
- The CBI operates under the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act of 1946. It is neither a constitutional nor a statutory body. It investigates cases related to bribery, governmental corruption, breaches of central laws, multi-state organized crime, and multi-agency or international cases.
- The consent of the state government to the CBI can be either case-specific or general. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- General consent is normally given by states to help the CBI in the seamless investigation of cases of corruption against central government employees in their states. This is essentially consent by default, which means CBI may begin investigations taking consent as having been already given.
- In the absence of general consent, CBI would have to apply to the state government for its consent in every individual case, and before taking even small actions.
- Mizoram, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Kerala, Jharkhand, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, and Meghalaya have withdrawn their general consent given to the CBI.
- The states can withdraw the general consent given to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), under Section 6 of the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, 1946. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
Incorrect
Solution (a)
- The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) was established by a resolution of the Ministry of Home Affairs and later transferred to the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances, and Pensions, currently functioning as an attached office. Its establishment was recommended by the Santhanam Committee on the Prevention of Corruption.
- The CBI operates under the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act of 1946. It is neither a constitutional nor a statutory body. It investigates cases related to bribery, governmental corruption, breaches of central laws, multi-state organized crime, and multi-agency or international cases.
- The consent of the state government to the CBI can be either case-specific or general. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- General consent is normally given by states to help the CBI in the seamless investigation of cases of corruption against central government employees in their states. This is essentially consent by default, which means CBI may begin investigations taking consent as having been already given.
- In the absence of general consent, CBI would have to apply to the state government for its consent in every individual case, and before taking even small actions.
- Mizoram, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Kerala, Jharkhand, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, and Meghalaya have withdrawn their general consent given to the CBI.
- The states can withdraw the general consent given to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), under Section 6 of the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, 1946. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
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Question 23 of 35
23. Question
Consider the following statements about Cargo Release Time:
- It is the time taken from the arrival of the cargo at the customs station to its out-of-charge.
- It is a key indicator of trade efficiency and ease of doing business.
- It is a performance measurement tool recommended by the World Trade Organisation.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Solution (b)
- Cargo release time is defined as the time taken from the arrival of the cargo at the customs station to its out-of-charge. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- For domestic clearance in case of imports and arrival of the cargo at the customs station to the eventual departure of the carrier in case of exports.
- Cargo release time is a key indicator of trade efficiency and ease of doing business, as it reflects the effectiveness of customs procedures and other regulatory processes involved in cross-border trade. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- Cargo release time is measured using Time Release Study (TRS), a performance measurement tool recommended by the World Customs Organization (WCO). Hence statement 3 is incorrect.
Note:
- The World Customs Organization (WCO) is an independent intergovernmental body whose mission is to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of customs administrations.
- It is the only international organization with competence in customs matters which can rightly call itself the voice of the international customs community.
- It has its headquarters in Brussels, Belgium.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
- Cargo release time is defined as the time taken from the arrival of the cargo at the customs station to its out-of-charge. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- For domestic clearance in case of imports and arrival of the cargo at the customs station to the eventual departure of the carrier in case of exports.
- Cargo release time is a key indicator of trade efficiency and ease of doing business, as it reflects the effectiveness of customs procedures and other regulatory processes involved in cross-border trade. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- Cargo release time is measured using Time Release Study (TRS), a performance measurement tool recommended by the World Customs Organization (WCO). Hence statement 3 is incorrect.
Note:
- The World Customs Organization (WCO) is an independent intergovernmental body whose mission is to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of customs administrations.
- It is the only international organization with competence in customs matters which can rightly call itself the voice of the international customs community.
- It has its headquarters in Brussels, Belgium.
-
Question 24 of 35
24. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0:
- It is a centrally sponsored scheme implemented by states and union territories.
- It seeks to address the challenges of malnutrition in children, adolescent girls, pregnant women, and lactating mothers.
- It is being implemented by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Solution (b)
- Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0 is a centrally sponsored scheme implemented by states and union territories. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- It seeks to address the challenges of malnutrition in children, adolescent girls, pregnant women, and lactating mothers through a strategic shift in nutrition content and delivery and by the creation of a convergent ecosystem to develop and promote practices that nurture health, wellness, and immunity. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- It provides a package of six services, namely, supplementary nutrition, pre-school non-formal education, nutrition and health education, immunization, health check-up, and referral services.
- It provides services to all eligible beneficiaries, namely, children in the age group of 0-6 years, pregnant women, and lactating mothers through the platform of Anganwadi Centres across the country.
- It is being implemented by the Ministry of Women and Child Development. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
- Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0 is a centrally sponsored scheme implemented by states and union territories. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- It seeks to address the challenges of malnutrition in children, adolescent girls, pregnant women, and lactating mothers through a strategic shift in nutrition content and delivery and by the creation of a convergent ecosystem to develop and promote practices that nurture health, wellness, and immunity. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- It provides a package of six services, namely, supplementary nutrition, pre-school non-formal education, nutrition and health education, immunization, health check-up, and referral services.
- It provides services to all eligible beneficiaries, namely, children in the age group of 0-6 years, pregnant women, and lactating mothers through the platform of Anganwadi Centres across the country.
- It is being implemented by the Ministry of Women and Child Development. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.
-
Question 25 of 35
25. Question
Consider the following statements about the characteristics of Mesolithic Rock Paintings:
- They mainly saw the use of red colour.
- The hunting scenes were predominant in the period.
- Animals depicted include elephants, bison, tiger, and boar.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Solution (c)
The characteristics of Mesolithic Rock Paintings:
- This period mainly saw the use of red colour. Though Hence statement 1 is correct.
- It has a larger variety of themes but the paintings are smaller in size.
- The hunting scenes were predominant in the period. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- The paintings depict people hunting in groups and hunting armed with barbed spears, pointed sticks, arrows, and bows.
- Animals depicted include elephants, bison, tiger, boar, deer, antelope, leopard, panther, rhinoceros, fish, frog, lizard, squirrel, and at times birds. Hence statement 3 is correct.
- Animals were painted in a naturalistic style and humans were depicted in a stylistic manner.
- The young, old, children, and women equally find a place in these paintings.
- Women are painted both nude and clothed.
- In many of the rock shelters handprints, fist prints, and dots made by the fingertips are found.
- One of the most prominent examples of the Mesolithic rock painting is found in Bhimbetka, Madhya Pradesh.
Incorrect
Solution (c)
The characteristics of Mesolithic Rock Paintings:
- This period mainly saw the use of red colour. Though Hence statement 1 is correct.
- It has a larger variety of themes but the paintings are smaller in size.
- The hunting scenes were predominant in the period. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- The paintings depict people hunting in groups and hunting armed with barbed spears, pointed sticks, arrows, and bows.
- Animals depicted include elephants, bison, tiger, boar, deer, antelope, leopard, panther, rhinoceros, fish, frog, lizard, squirrel, and at times birds. Hence statement 3 is correct.
- Animals were painted in a naturalistic style and humans were depicted in a stylistic manner.
- The young, old, children, and women equally find a place in these paintings.
- Women are painted both nude and clothed.
- In many of the rock shelters handprints, fist prints, and dots made by the fingertips are found.
- One of the most prominent examples of the Mesolithic rock painting is found in Bhimbetka, Madhya Pradesh.
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Question 26 of 35
26. Question
The Canary Islands are located in?
Correct
Solution (d)
- The Canary Islands-a Spanish archipelago off the coast of northwestern Africa. It is part of Spain. It is about 1300 km South of mainland Spain and 115 km West of the African coast (Morocco). Hence option d is correct.
- It is located in the Atlantic Ocean. It is an archipelago.
- These Islands were formed by volcanic eruptions millions of years ago.
Incorrect
Solution (d)
- The Canary Islands-a Spanish archipelago off the coast of northwestern Africa. It is part of Spain. It is about 1300 km South of mainland Spain and 115 km West of the African coast (Morocco). Hence option d is correct.
- It is located in the Atlantic Ocean. It is an archipelago.
- These Islands were formed by volcanic eruptions millions of years ago.
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Question 27 of 35
27. Question
Consider the following statements about the ‘United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation’ (UNESCO):
- India is a founding member of UNESCO.
- India got re-elected to UNESCO executive board for 2021-25 term.
- United States of America is not a member of UNCESO.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Solution (b)
- It is a specialised agency of the United Nations (UN).
- UN: is an international organization founded in 1945.
- It works for maintaining international peace and security, protect human rights, deliver humanitarian aid, promote sustainable development and uphold international law.
- Objective: promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, the sciences, and culture.
- HQ: Paris, France.
- Members:-
- It has 194 member states and 12 associate members, as well as partners in the nongovernmental, intergovernmental, and private sectors.
- Recently USA rejoined UNESCO. Hence statement 3 is not correct.
- UN member states not UNESCO members: Israel, Liechtenstein.
Issue of USA Leaving UNESCO
- In 2011, UNESCO inducted Palestine as a member.
- This led to the US halting the agency’s funding, worth millions of dollars, under then-President Barack Obama.
- Reason to stop funding UNESCO:-
- Israel and the United States termed the inclusion of Palestine and UNESCO’s naming of what Israel claims were ancient Jewish sites as Palestinian heritage sites as examples of anti–Israel bias.
- US laws, owing to the country’s historical ties with Israel, prohibit funding to any UN agency that implies recognition of the Palestinians’ demands for their own state.
- Consequently, in 2019 the US and Israel pulled out of UNESCO citing bias in the organisation in the Palestine issue.
- The US had pulled out of UNESCO once earlier in 1984 and then rejoined in 2003.
- Recent Developments: it was negotiated recently through an agreement in 2022 that the USA will begin giving UNESCO funds again.
- Issue of Palestine:-
- The Palestinians claim the West Bank, east Jerusalem and Gaza Strip territories captured by Israel in the 1967 war for an independent state.
- Israel disagrees with Palestine’s claims.
- Palestine is not recognised as a sovereign state by the United Nations.
India and UNESCO
- India has been a founding member of UNESCO. Hence statement 1 is correct
- It had ratified UNESCO’s Constitution in 1946, while still under colonial rule.
- India has been continuously re-elected to the UNESCO Executive Board since 1946.
- Recently, India won the re-election to the executive board of the UN’s cultural and education organisation for the 2021-25 term. Hence statement 2 is correct.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
- It is a specialised agency of the United Nations (UN).
- UN: is an international organization founded in 1945.
- It works for maintaining international peace and security, protect human rights, deliver humanitarian aid, promote sustainable development and uphold international law.
- Objective: promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, the sciences, and culture.
- HQ: Paris, France.
- Members:-
- It has 194 member states and 12 associate members, as well as partners in the nongovernmental, intergovernmental, and private sectors.
- Recently USA rejoined UNESCO. Hence statement 3 is not correct.
- UN member states not UNESCO members: Israel, Liechtenstein.
Issue of USA Leaving UNESCO
- In 2011, UNESCO inducted Palestine as a member.
- This led to the US halting the agency’s funding, worth millions of dollars, under then-President Barack Obama.
- Reason to stop funding UNESCO:-
- Israel and the United States termed the inclusion of Palestine and UNESCO’s naming of what Israel claims were ancient Jewish sites as Palestinian heritage sites as examples of anti–Israel bias.
- US laws, owing to the country’s historical ties with Israel, prohibit funding to any UN agency that implies recognition of the Palestinians’ demands for their own state.
- Consequently, in 2019 the US and Israel pulled out of UNESCO citing bias in the organisation in the Palestine issue.
- The US had pulled out of UNESCO once earlier in 1984 and then rejoined in 2003.
- Recent Developments: it was negotiated recently through an agreement in 2022 that the USA will begin giving UNESCO funds again.
- Issue of Palestine:-
- The Palestinians claim the West Bank, east Jerusalem and Gaza Strip territories captured by Israel in the 1967 war for an independent state.
- Israel disagrees with Palestine’s claims.
- Palestine is not recognised as a sovereign state by the United Nations.
India and UNESCO
- India has been a founding member of UNESCO. Hence statement 1 is correct
- It had ratified UNESCO’s Constitution in 1946, while still under colonial rule.
- India has been continuously re-elected to the UNESCO Executive Board since 1946.
- Recently, India won the re-election to the executive board of the UN’s cultural and education organisation for the 2021-25 term. Hence statement 2 is correct.
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Question 28 of 35
28. Question
Consider the following statements about the composition of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC):
- It is a multi-member body consisting of a chairperson, five full-time members, and seven deemed members.
- They serve for five years or until they attain the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier.
- They can be removed only on the charges of proven misbehavior or incapacity.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Solution (b)
- The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is a multi-member body consisting of a chairperson, five full-time members, and seven deemed members. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- Chairperson will be a retired chief justice of India or a judge of the Supreme Court.
- The chairman and members are appointed by the President on the recommendations of a six-member committee consisting of:-
- Prime Minister (head)
- Speaker of the Lok Sabha
- Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
- Leaders of the Opposition in both Houses of Parliament
- Union Home Minister.
- They serve for three yearsor until they attain the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
- The President can remove them from office under specific circumstances.
- They can be removed only on the charges of proven misbehavior or incapacity if proved by an inquiry conducted by a Supreme Court Judge. Hence statement 3 is correct.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
- The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is a multi-member body consisting of a chairperson, five full-time members, and seven deemed members. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- Chairperson will be a retired chief justice of India or a judge of the Supreme Court.
- The chairman and members are appointed by the President on the recommendations of a six-member committee consisting of:-
- Prime Minister (head)
- Speaker of the Lok Sabha
- Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
- Leaders of the Opposition in both Houses of Parliament
- Union Home Minister.
- They serve for three yearsor until they attain the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
- The President can remove them from office under specific circumstances.
- They can be removed only on the charges of proven misbehavior or incapacity if proved by an inquiry conducted by a Supreme Court Judge. Hence statement 3 is correct.
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Question 29 of 35
29. Question
Consider the following statements about the Food Corporation of India (FCI):
- It is a statutory body under the Food Corporation Act of 1964.
- It works under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution.
Choose the correct code:
Correct
Solution (c)
- The Food Corporation of India is a statutory body under the Food Corporation Act of 1964. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- It works under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- It is headquartered in New Delhi.
Objectives of FCI:
- Effective price support operations for safeguarding the interests of the farmers.
- Distribution of food grains throughout the country for the public distribution system.
- Maintaining a satisfactory level of operational and buffer stocks of foodgrains to ensure National Food Security.
- Effective Price Support Operations for safeguarding the interest of farmers.
Incorrect
Solution (c)
- The Food Corporation of India is a statutory body under the Food Corporation Act of 1964. Hence statement 1 is correct.
- It works under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution. Hence statement 2 is correct.
- It is headquartered in New Delhi.
Objectives of FCI:
- Effective price support operations for safeguarding the interests of the farmers.
- Distribution of food grains throughout the country for the public distribution system.
- Maintaining a satisfactory level of operational and buffer stocks of foodgrains to ensure National Food Security.
- Effective Price Support Operations for safeguarding the interest of farmers.
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Question 30 of 35
30. Question
Consider the following statements:
- Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Assam.
- Hirakud Dam is on the Mahanadi River.
- Simlipal is the largest national park in Odisha.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Solution (b)
- The Debrigarh wildlife sanctuary is located in the Bargarh district in the Indian state of Odisha, covering a total area of 346.91 km2. It is situated near the city of Sambalpur’s Hirakud Dam. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
- It was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1985.
- It has dry deciduous forests.
- Hirakud Dam is on the Mahanadi River. Hence statement 2 is correct.
Note: Major Protected Areas in Odisha
National Parks:
- Bhitarkanika National Park
- Simlipal National Park-Simlipal is the largest national park in Odisha and is also considered as one of the principal tiger projects in India. Hence statement 3 is correct
Incorrect
Solution (b)
- The Debrigarh wildlife sanctuary is located in the Bargarh district in the Indian state of Odisha, covering a total area of 346.91 km2. It is situated near the city of Sambalpur’s Hirakud Dam. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
- It was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1985.
- It has dry deciduous forests.
- Hirakud Dam is on the Mahanadi River. Hence statement 2 is correct.
Note: Major Protected Areas in Odisha
National Parks:
- Bhitarkanika National Park
- Simlipal National Park-Simlipal is the largest national park in Odisha and is also considered as one of the principal tiger projects in India. Hence statement 3 is correct
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Question 31 of 35
31. Question
Eight friends P, Q, R, S, T, U, V and W are sitting around a circular table facing the centre. V sits second to the right of P, whose third to the left is T. R sits third to the left of Q, and S sits immediately between V and R. U and V cannot sit opposite each other. Three of the following four are similar in a certain way based on their positions in the seating arrangement and so form a group.
Which of the following does not belong to that group?
Correct
Solution (c)
According to the data given, the arrangement of 8 friends will be like this
Venn diagram
By analyzing the combinations,
We find that RW, TQ, VR are in clockwise direction with one person in between
SU is in anti-clockwise direction, so it is the odd one out.
Incorrect
Solution (c)
According to the data given, the arrangement of 8 friends will be like this
Venn diagram
By analyzing the combinations,
We find that RW, TQ, VR are in clockwise direction with one person in between
SU is in anti-clockwise direction, so it is the odd one out.
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Question 32 of 35
32. Question
In a class of 120 students, 62 like English, 52 like Mathematics and 24 like both English and Mathematics. What percentage of students in the class do not like both the subjects?
Correct
Solution (c)
Total Students in a class = 120
Number of students who like English = 62
Number of students who like Maths = 52
Number of students who like both English and Maths = 24
Number of students who like neither English nor Maths = 120 – (62 + 52 – 24) = 120 – 90 = 30 Percentage of students who do not like both English and Maths = (30/120) × 100 = 1/4 = 25% Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.
Incorrect
Solution (c)
Total Students in a class = 120
Number of students who like English = 62
Number of students who like Maths = 52
Number of students who like both English and Maths = 24
Number of students who like neither English nor Maths = 120 – (62 + 52 – 24) = 120 – 90 = 30 Percentage of students who do not like both English and Maths = (30/120) × 100 = 1/4 = 25% Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.
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Question 33 of 35
33. Question
Consider a 3-digit integer x with distinct digits. Let y be the integer formed by swapping x’s units and hundreds digits. What is the greatest prime number less than 30 that perfectly divides the absolute difference between x and y?
Correct
Solution (b)
Let 3-digit integer x with distinct digits. = abc
100a + 10b + c y be the integer formed by swapping x’s units and hundreds digits. => cba
100c + 10b + a
Difference = 100a + 10b + c – (100c + 10b + a) = 99a – 99c
= 99(a – c)
= 3 * 3 *11 (a – c)
11 is the greatest prime number that perfectly divides the absolute difference between x and y
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Let 3-digit integer x with distinct digits. = abc
100a + 10b + c y be the integer formed by swapping x’s units and hundreds digits. => cba
100c + 10b + a
Difference = 100a + 10b + c – (100c + 10b + a) = 99a – 99c
= 99(a – c)
= 3 * 3 *11 (a – c)
11 is the greatest prime number that perfectly divides the absolute difference between x and y
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Question 34 of 35
34. Question
In the English alphabet, the first 4 letters are written in opposite order; and the next 4 letters are written in opposite order and so on; and at the end Y and Z are interchanged. Which will be the fourth letter to the right of the 13th letter ?
Correct
Solution (b)
English alphabets are: ABCD EFGH IJKL MNOP QRST UVWX YZ
As per the question, the alphabets are arranged as follows:
DCBA HGFE LKJI PONM TSRQ XWVU ZY
13TH letter is P. And the fourth letter right to P is T.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
English alphabets are: ABCD EFGH IJKL MNOP QRST UVWX YZ
As per the question, the alphabets are arranged as follows:
DCBA HGFE LKJI PONM TSRQ XWVU ZY
13TH letter is P. And the fourth letter right to P is T.
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Question 35 of 35
35. Question
Abhishek was conducting an experiment in which the average of 11 observations came to be 90, while the average of first five observations was 87, and that of the last five was 84. What was the measure of 6th observation?
Correct
Solution (d)
Explanation Let the 6th observation be ‘x’ Average of first five is 87 and last five is 84
First five observation total = 87 x 5 = 435
Last five observation total = 84 x 5 = 420
Sum total of 11 observation = 11 x 90 = 990
∴ 435 + 420 + x = 990 => x = 990 – 435 – 420 = 135
Incorrect
Solution (d)
Explanation Let the 6th observation be ‘x’ Average of first five is 87 and last five is 84
First five observation total = 87 x 5 = 435
Last five observation total = 84 x 5 = 420
Sum total of 11 observation = 11 x 90 = 990
∴ 435 + 420 + x = 990 => x = 990 – 435 – 420 = 135
All the Best
IASbaba
