[DAY 04] 60 DAY RAPID REVISION (RaRe) SERIES for UPSC Prelims 2024 – HISTORY, CURRENT AFFAIRS & CSAT TEST SERIES!

Solution (a)

Solution (a)

Notes:

Prarthana Samaj –

• The Prarthana Samaj, a leading society for socio-religious reform was established on 31 March 1867 in Bombay by Atmaram Panduranga. Prarthana Samaj became very popular after M G Ranade joined the organisation.
• The Samaj was different from the Brahmo Samaj of Bengal in that it was not as radical and took a cautious approach to the reformist programmes. For this reason, it was better received by the public as well.
• They also propagated monotheism and denounced idol worship.
• They also accepted all religious teaching including Christian and Buddhist ideas.
• They were staunchly against the division of society into castes. Members of the Samaj had communal meals prepared by a cook from a ‘low caste’. They also ate bread that was baked by a Christian and drank water brought by a Muslim.
• The Samaj did not question the existence of God but fostered a firm belief in one god. They sang hymns during the society’s meetings. The Samaj also encouraged a firm love and reverence for God.
• It was also against certain tenets of Hinduism like god’s incarnations. Through the society was against idol worship, its members could continue to practice Hindu ceremonies at home. It was often said that the Prarthana Samaj paid homage to Hinduism but with a protest.
• The society had many programmes to propagate women’s education. It also opened homes for orphans and widows. It also supported widow remarriage. It established several schools as well that imparted western education.
• The society’s meetings were done in secret for fear of a backlash from the orthodoxy. In fact, the Prarthana Samaj never directly attacked the orthodox sections of society or Brahminical power.
• The Samaj was greatly influenced by the Brahmo Samaj and the Arya Samaj of Dayananda Saraswati, but it continued as an independent movement.
• Apart from Ranade, other important members of the Samaj included Sanskrit scholar Sir Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar and political leader Sir Narayan Chandavarkar.

Solution (a)

Solution (c)

Solution (c)

Solution (a)

 Note:

Hitavada began to be published in the year 1911 to project the views of the Servants of India Society, founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905 with the help of MG Ranade.

Solution (c)

Brahmo Samaj:

• The Brahmo Samaj was a monotheistic sect of Hinduism.
• The movement began through meetings of Bengalis in Calcutta in 1828.
• One of the leading figures was Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
• This group was known as the Brahmo Sabha.
• The followers of Brahmo Samaj are known as Brahmo Samajists, they-
  • Have no faith in any scripture as an authority.
  • Have no faith in Avatars.
  • Denounce polytheism and idol-worship.
  • Are against caste restrictions.
  • Make faith in the doctrines of Karma and Rebirth optional

Solution (c)

Ahmadiyya Movement:

• The Ahmadiyya Movement spread Western liberal education among Indian Muslims.
• The Ahmadiyya community is the only Islamic sect to believe that the Messiah had come in the person of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad to end religious wars and bloodshed and to reinstate morality, peace and justice.
• They believed in separating the mosque from the State as well as in human rights and tolerance.
• However, the Ahmadiyya Movement, like Baha’ism which flourished in the West Asian countries, suffered from mysticism.

Solution (c)

Solution (b)

Solution (b)

Solution (c)

Solution (c)

Solution (b)

Solution (c)

Wahabi Movement:

• Shah Walliullah (1702-62) inspired this essentially revivalist response to Western influences and the degeneration which had set in among Indian Muslims.
• He was the first Indian Muslim leader of the 18th century to organise Muslims around the two-fold ideals of this movement-

1. Desirability of harmony among the four schools of Muslim jurisprudence which had divided the Indian Muslims (he sought to integrate the best elements of the four schools)
2. Recognition of the role of individual conscience in a religion where conflicting interpretations were derived from the Quran and the Hades.

Solution (b)

Notes:

The Revolt of 1857 was primarily an anti-imperialist and the sepoys and the civilians wanted to throw out the imperial rulers. Broadly viewed this rebellion on an extensive scale with an object of ending the country’s alien rule appeared as a “war of independence” for some people.

To study about the factors responsible for the revolt, one can visualize that the help of political frustration, social inequality, religious beliefs and the imbalanced economy were exploded by the match stick of greased cartridges and the discontentment of the sepoys.Other religious reasons were-

• Laws were passed to stop practice of sati and to encourage the remarriage of widows.
• Many Indians began to feel that the British were destroying their religion, social customs, and traditional way of life.

Solution (c)

Khurda Uprising of 1817:

• Khurda was a small kingdom built up in the late 16th century in the south-eastern part of Odisha. During the early nineteenth century, its king Mukunda Dev II was deposed by British and he had to agree to an unfair settlement by the British.
• This unfair settlement commenced an era of oppressive foreign rule in Odisha, which paved the way for a serious armed uprising in 1817.

Solution (b)

Solution (a)

Solution (c)

Solution (b)

• Global Gibbon Network is established by the Hainan Institute of National Parks and Eco Foundation Global. It aims to protect and preserve Asia’s unique heritage, specifically the singing Gibbon and their habitats, by promoting participatory conservation policies, legislation, and actions. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
• Hoolock Gibbon is the only ape found in India and is the state animal of Arunachal Pradesh. They are found in tropical and subtropical forests in the southeastern part of Asia. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• Both Western Hoolock Gibbon and Eastern Hoolock Gibbon are protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. Hence statement 3 is correct.
• Western Hoolock Gibbons are found in all the states of the northeast, restricted between the south of the Brahmaputra River and east of the Dibang River. And outside India, it is found in eastern Bangladesh and north-west Myanmar. It is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List.
• Eastern Hoolock Gibbons are found in specific pockets of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam in India and southern China and northeast Myanmar outside India. It is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.

Note: International Gibbon Day is celebrated on October 24 every year. It originated in 2015 when the IUCN Primate Specialist Group established the day as a commemoration to draw public attention to gibbon protection.

Solution (c)

The strategic roadmap “Horizon 2045” is between India and France. It includes cooperation in defence, space, nuclear energy, climate change, and green transitions as well as education and people-to-people ties for the next 25 years. Hence option c is correct.

Solution (a)

• PM Mega Integrated Textile Regions and Apparel (PM MITRA) Parks will help in creating world-class industrial infrastructure by encouraging investment, innovation, and job creation in the textile sector. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• They are a major step forward in realising the Government’s vision of making India a global hub for textile manufacturing and exports. They will enhance the competitiveness of the textiles industry by helping it achieve economies of scale as well as attract global players to manufacture in India.
• It will be implemented by a special purpose vehicle (SPV) owned by the centre and state through the Ministry of Textiles. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
• The Ministry of Textiles will provide financial support in the form of Development Capital Support up to Rs. 500 crore per park to the Park SPV.
• A Competitive Incentive Support (CIS) of up to Rs 300 crore per park to the units in PM MITRA Park shall also be provided to incentivise speedy implementation.
• State governments will provide contiguous and encumbrance-free land, provision of all utilities, reliable power supply, water availability, wastewater disposal system, an effective single window clearance as well as a conducive and stable industrial/textile policy.

Solution (a)

• A heat wave is defined as a period of abnormally high temperatures over a region.
• In plains, if the temperature reaches at least 40⁰ Celcius, and in hilly regions if the temperature reaches at least 30⁰ Celcius then it is considered a heat wave.
• Urbanization and concrete structures in cities cause heat waves. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• It is because concrete and asphalt in cities absorb and retain heat leading to increased temperatures contributing to heat waves. Hence statement 2 is correct and correct explanation for statement 1.
• An urban heat island is a temporary phenomenon where certain parts of the city experience a higher temperature than its surroundings. It is due to the heat trapped in the buildings of cities.

Solution (b)

• The UK has signed a deal to join a trade pact with several countries in Asia and the Pacific, including Japan and Australia. The name of this pact – CPTPP.
• The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) is a free trade agreement that succeeded the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP).
• TPP was a trade agreement formed in 2005 that consists of 12 member countries. Later the United States withdrew in 2017 and the grouping came to be called CPTPP. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• All members of the CPTPP are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).
• Members of the CPTPP are Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam.
• Members of APEC are Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, the Philippines, the Russian Federation, Singapore, Chinese Taipei, Thailand, the United States of America, and  Vietnam. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
• The United Kingdom is the first European country and the first new member of the bloc since its inception. Hence statement 3 is correct.

Solution (c)

• Bihar, Jharkhand, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh topped the list with the highest percentage of people who are living in multidimensional poverty. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• Uttar Pradesh registered the largest decline in number of poor people escaping multidimensional poverty. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• The rural areas witnessed the fastest decline in multidimensional poverty than urban areas.
• In rural areas, it saw a decline from 32.59% to 19.28% whereas in urban areas, it saw a decline from 8.65% to 5.27%. Hence statement 3 is correct.

Solution (b)

• Accused person to apply for bail before being arrested.
• It is granted under section 438 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1973. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• It is issued only by the Sessions Court and High Court. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
• The provision of pre-arrest bail is discretionary, and the court may grant bail after considering the nature and gravity of the offence, the antecedents of the accused, and other relevant factors.
• The person can seek pre-arrest bail only for non-bailable offences. Hence statement 3 is correct.
• The court may also impose a monetary bond, which the person seeking anticipatory bail will have to pay if they fail to appear before the court or violate the conditions imposed.

Solution (c)

• Kuki tribes are ethnic groups present in all Northeast Indian states except Arunachal Pradesh, Myanmar, and Bangladesh. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• Lal is known as their village chief and has their own customary laws. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• They do not marry outside their community and a majority of them follow Christianity as their religion.
• They resisted British hegemony and started a rebellion before India’s independence.
• Kuki Rebellion took place during 1917 and they were defeated by the British in 1919. Hence statement 3 is correct.

Solution (b)

• Black Sea Grain Initiative was set up to resume vital food and fertilizer exports from Ukraine to the rest of the world. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• It allowed exports of grain, other foodstuffs, and fertilizer, including ammonia, to resume through a safe maritime humanitarian corridorfrom three key Ukrainian ports – Chornomorsk, Odesa, and Yuzhny/Pivdennyi, to the rest of the world.
• It was brokered between Russia and Ukraine by the United Nations and Turkey. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
• It is implemented by the Joint Coordination Centre (JCC) which is hosted in Istanbul. Hence statement 3 is correct.

JCC includes representatives from Russia, Türkiye, Ukraine, and the United Nations

Solution (d)

Context: Donanemab, if approved will become the second drug used to treat Alzheimer’s disease.

• Leqembi is a drug approved for Alzheimer’s disease that targets the fundamental pathophysiology of the disease. Hence option d is correct.
• Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and, eventually, the ability to carry out simple tasks.

Solution (c)

9 -> 3²

25 -> 5²

49 -> 7²

81 -> 9²

Similarly,

324 -> 18²

256 -> 16²

196 -> 14²

144 -> 12^2.

Solution (d)

We have A 3 + 8 B = 150

Here, 3 + B = 0 , so 3 + B is a two digit number whose unit number is 0

3 + B = 10 => B = 7

Now considering ten’s column, A + 8 + 1 = 15

A + 9 = 15

A = 6

Therefore, A – B = 6 – 7 = -1

Solution (a)

1) The average of first twenty multiples of 8 is 84.

First twenty mutiples of 8 are:

8 * 1, 8*2,8*3,…… so on…

So, AP = 8 + 16 + 24 + …… + 160

Required average = 8( 1 + 2 + 3 + …… 10)/20

AP = Sum of first n numbers = n/2[first term + last term]

Required average of AP = [ 8 + 160 ]/2

Hence, Statement 1 is correct

2) There are 21 prime numbers between 100 and 200

101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139,149,151,157, 163, 167, 173, 179, 181, 191, 193, 197, 199

Hence, statement 2 is incorrect

Solution (b)

In a group of 6 boys and 4 girls, four children are to be selected such that at least one boy should be there.

Hence we have 4 options as given below

We can select 4 girls (option 1)
Number of ways to this = ⁴C₄ 

We can select 3 girls and 1 boy (option 2)
Number of ways to this = ⁴C₃ × ⁶C₁

We can select 2 girls and 2 boys (option 3)
Number of ways to this = ⁴C₂ × ⁶C₂

We can select 1 girl and 3 boys (option 4)
Number of ways to this = ⁴C₁ × ⁶C₃

Total number of ways
= ⁴C₄ + ⁴C₃ × ⁶C₁ + ⁴C₂ × ⁶C₂ + ⁴C₁ × ⁶C₃
= 1+ ( 4 ×  6) + ( (4 ×  3)/(2 ×  1) ×  ( (6 ×  5)/( 2 ×  1)) + ( 4 ×  ( 6 ×  5 ×  4)/( 3 ×  2 × 1))

= 1 + 24 + ( 6 × 15 ) + ( 4 ×  20 )

= 1 + 24 + 90 + 80

= 195

Solution (d)

 Between 100 and 200 there are 10 such numbers.

They are 107, 117, 127, 137, 147, 157, 167, 177, 187, 197.

Like that between 200 and 300 -> 10

300 to 400 ->10

400 to 500 ->10

500 to 600 ->10

600 to 700 ->10

700 to 800 ->10

800 to 900 ->10

900 to 1000 ->10

∴ from 100 to 1000, 90 such numbers are there Between 90 and 100

97 is there So total such numbers is 90 + 1 = 91