IASbaba Daily Prelims Quiz
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The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative.
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
Consider the following statements about Peatland
- Peatlands are terrestrial wetland ecosystems, where the production of organic matter exceeds decomposition.
- Peatlands are the largest natural terrestrial carbon store.
- Congo basin has the world’s largest tropical peatlands.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Correct Correct · Peatlands are terrestrial wetland ecosystems in which waterlogged conditions prevent plant material from fully decomposing. · Consequently, the production of organic matter exceeds its decomposition, which results in a net accumulation of peat.
· Peatlands occur in every climatic zone and continent and cover 4.23 million km2, which corresponds to 2.84% of the Earth’s terrestrial surface.
· About 84% of the world’s peatlands are considered to be in natural, or near-natural state. · Drained peatlands make up about 16% of the world’s peatlands, or 0.5% of the Earth’s terrestrial surface.
· Due to the process of peat accumulation, peatlands are carbon rich ecosystems. Peatlands are the largest natural terrestrial carbon store. They store more carbon than all other vegetation types in the world combined.
· Damaged peatlands are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, responsible for almost 5% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions.
· Distribution: · Peatlands occur in almost every country on Earth, currently covering 3% of the global land surface.
· In 2017, the world’s largest tropical peatland was discovered beneath the forests of the Congo Basin in 2017.
Context: A new study finds that canals used to drain soggy peatlands in Southeast Asia are likely hotspots for greenhouse gas emissions.
Incorrect
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Correct Correct Correct · Peatlands are terrestrial wetland ecosystems in which waterlogged conditions prevent plant material from fully decomposing. · Consequently, the production of organic matter exceeds its decomposition, which results in a net accumulation of peat.
· Peatlands occur in every climatic zone and continent and cover 4.23 million km2, which corresponds to 2.84% of the Earth’s terrestrial surface.
· About 84% of the world’s peatlands are considered to be in natural, or near-natural state. · Drained peatlands make up about 16% of the world’s peatlands, or 0.5% of the Earth’s terrestrial surface.
· Due to the process of peat accumulation, peatlands are carbon rich ecosystems. Peatlands are the largest natural terrestrial carbon store. They store more carbon than all other vegetation types in the world combined.
· Damaged peatlands are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, responsible for almost 5% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions.
· Distribution: · Peatlands occur in almost every country on Earth, currently covering 3% of the global land surface.
· In 2017, the world’s largest tropical peatland was discovered beneath the forests of the Congo Basin in 2017.
Context: A new study finds that canals used to drain soggy peatlands in Southeast Asia are likely hotspots for greenhouse gas emissions.
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Consider the following statements about Developing Countries Trading Scheme (DCTS)
- It is a scheme introduced by G7 countries to facilitate developing countries to integrate into the global economy and strengthen supply chains.
- The DCTS does not extend to countries and territories deemed by the World Bank as ‘upper-middle income’ for three consecutive years
Choose the correct statement:
Correct
Solution (b)
Statement Analysis
Statement 1 Statement 2 Incorrect Correct · It is a scheme introduced by the UK Government to facilitate developing countries to integrate into the global economy, create stronger trade and investment partnerships and strengthen supply chains. · It is a simpler and more generous preferential trading scheme which has been designed to boost trade with developing countries in order to support their development.
· It reduces or removes rates of duty, or tariffs, on imports from eligible developing countries into the UK.
· The DCTS applies to 65 countries, that are: · least developed countries (LDCs) as defined by the United Nations.
· low-income countries (LIC) and lower middle-income countries (LMIC) as defined by the World Bank.
· DCTS will provide duty-free, quota-free trade to LDCs on everything but arms and duty-free, quota-free trade on 85% of eligible goods to most low LIC and LMIC countries.
· The DCTS does not extend to countries and territories deemed by the World Bank as ‘upper-middle income’ for three consecutive years, or to LICs and LMICs who have a free trade agreement (FTA) with the UK.
Context: Exporters seeking to avail duty concessions on shipments to the UK will have to adhere to the new British rules under the Developing Countries Trading Scheme (DCTS).
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Statement Analysis
Statement 1 Statement 2 Incorrect Correct · It is a scheme introduced by the UK Government to facilitate developing countries to integrate into the global economy, create stronger trade and investment partnerships and strengthen supply chains. · It is a simpler and more generous preferential trading scheme which has been designed to boost trade with developing countries in order to support their development.
· It reduces or removes rates of duty, or tariffs, on imports from eligible developing countries into the UK.
· The DCTS applies to 65 countries, that are: · least developed countries (LDCs) as defined by the United Nations.
· low-income countries (LIC) and lower middle-income countries (LMIC) as defined by the World Bank.
· DCTS will provide duty-free, quota-free trade to LDCs on everything but arms and duty-free, quota-free trade on 85% of eligible goods to most low LIC and LMIC countries.
· The DCTS does not extend to countries and territories deemed by the World Bank as ‘upper-middle income’ for three consecutive years, or to LICs and LMICs who have a free trade agreement (FTA) with the UK.
Context: Exporters seeking to avail duty concessions on shipments to the UK will have to adhere to the new British rules under the Developing Countries Trading Scheme (DCTS).
-
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
Consider the following statements about Barberton Greenstone Belt
- It is situated on the eastern edge of the Kaapvaal Craton in Australia.
- Next to Isua Greenstone Belt of Western Greenland, rocks that contain some of the oldest traces of life on Earth can be found here.
Choose the incorrect statement:
Correct
Solution (a)
Statement Analysis
Statement 1 Statement 2 Incorrect Correct · It is situated on the eastern edge of the Kaapvaal Craton in South Africa. · It is known for its gold mineralisation and for its komatiites, an unusual type of ultramafic volcanic rock named after the Komati River that flows through the belt.
· Ultramafic (or ultrabasic) rocks are dark-colored igneous and meta-igneous rocks that are rich in minerals containing magnesium and iron (“mafic” minerals) and have a relatively low content of silica.
· They are generally composed of more than 90 percent mafic minerals—that is, they have a high content of magnesium oxide (more than 18 percent MgO) and iron oxide (FeO). Their silica content is less than 45 percent, and their potassium content is low.
· The Earth’s mantle is thought to be composed of ultramafic rocks.
· Some of the oldest exposed rocks on Earth (greater than 3.6 Ga) are located in the Barberton Greenstone Belt of the Eswatini–Barberton areas, and these contain some of the oldest traces of life on Earth, second only to the Isua Greenstone Belt of Western Greenland. · The Makhonjwa Mountains make up 40% of the Baberton belt.
· Geological sampling indicates that some rock formations in these mountains are 3.2 to 3.6 billion years old.
Context: Scientists recently found signs of some of the earliest known earthquakes at the Barberton Greenstone Belt.
Incorrect
Solution (a)
Statement Analysis
Statement 1 Statement 2 Incorrect Correct · It is situated on the eastern edge of the Kaapvaal Craton in South Africa. · It is known for its gold mineralisation and for its komatiites, an unusual type of ultramafic volcanic rock named after the Komati River that flows through the belt.
· Ultramafic (or ultrabasic) rocks are dark-colored igneous and meta-igneous rocks that are rich in minerals containing magnesium and iron (“mafic” minerals) and have a relatively low content of silica.
· They are generally composed of more than 90 percent mafic minerals—that is, they have a high content of magnesium oxide (more than 18 percent MgO) and iron oxide (FeO). Their silica content is less than 45 percent, and their potassium content is low.
· The Earth’s mantle is thought to be composed of ultramafic rocks.
· Some of the oldest exposed rocks on Earth (greater than 3.6 Ga) are located in the Barberton Greenstone Belt of the Eswatini–Barberton areas, and these contain some of the oldest traces of life on Earth, second only to the Isua Greenstone Belt of Western Greenland. · The Makhonjwa Mountains make up 40% of the Baberton belt.
· Geological sampling indicates that some rock formations in these mountains are 3.2 to 3.6 billion years old.
Context: Scientists recently found signs of some of the earliest known earthquakes at the Barberton Greenstone Belt.
-
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
Consider the following statements about Signals Technology Evaluation and Adaptation Group (STEAG)
- It is a joint collaboration between the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and DRDO
- STEAG is mandated to nurture technologies spanning the complete spectrum of wired and wireless systems.
- STEAG will be headed by a chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Solution (a)
Statement Analysis
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Incorrect Correct Incorrect · In a significant step towards preparing for the future of warfare, the Indian Army has established the “Signals Technology Evaluation and Adaptation Group” (STEAG), a first-of-its-kind specialised technology unit. · The primary objective of STEAG is to conduct research and evaluation of cutting-edge communication technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), 5G and 6G networks, machine learning, and quantum technologies for defence applications.
· STEAG is mandated to nurture technologies spanning the complete spectrum of wired and wireless systems. · It will carry out technical scouting, evaluation, development, management of core ICT solutions, and provide user interface support by maintenance and upgradation of contemporary technologies available in the environment.
· The setting up of STEAG is part of the Army’s efforts to develop technologies considering the future battlefield.
· STEAG will be headed by a Colonel rank officer. · STEAG will help bridge the divide between the armed forces on the one hand and industry and academia on the other.
· STEAG is aligned with the tenets of Atmanirbhar Bharat and Start-Up India.
Context: Army raises elite unit to work on critical technologies having military applications.
Incorrect
Solution (a)
Statement Analysis
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Incorrect Correct Incorrect · In a significant step towards preparing for the future of warfare, the Indian Army has established the “Signals Technology Evaluation and Adaptation Group” (STEAG), a first-of-its-kind specialised technology unit. · The primary objective of STEAG is to conduct research and evaluation of cutting-edge communication technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), 5G and 6G networks, machine learning, and quantum technologies for defence applications.
· STEAG is mandated to nurture technologies spanning the complete spectrum of wired and wireless systems. · It will carry out technical scouting, evaluation, development, management of core ICT solutions, and provide user interface support by maintenance and upgradation of contemporary technologies available in the environment.
· The setting up of STEAG is part of the Army’s efforts to develop technologies considering the future battlefield.
· STEAG will be headed by a Colonel rank officer. · STEAG will help bridge the divide between the armed forces on the one hand and industry and academia on the other.
· STEAG is aligned with the tenets of Atmanirbhar Bharat and Start-Up India.
Context: Army raises elite unit to work on critical technologies having military applications.
-
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
Which one of the following best describes the term “Genetic Rescue”
Correct
Solution (a)
Option a Correct · Genetic rescue is the process of increasing population growth with new genetic variation by migrating individuals into another small population (i.e., gene flow). · In practice, wildlife managers take individuals from a larger, healthier population, and bring them to a smaller population to introduce new variation and eventually help grow the population.
· This conservation strategy aims to alleviate genetic load, decrease extinction risk, and enhance the viability of endangered species and populations.
· It is often employed in conservation biology to mitigate the negative effects of inbreeding depression, which can occur when individuals within a population mate with close relatives, leading to decreased reproductive success and viability of offspring.
· Genetic rescue can have both beneficial and deleterious effects, depending on factors such as the magnitude and duration of gene flow, as well as the genetic and non-genetic factors influencing population dynamics.
· There can be risks involved with moving animals around, so it’s often thought of as a last resort.
Context: Genetic rescue is proposed as a method to conserve Ranthambore National Park’s tiger population.
Incorrect
Solution (a)
Option a Correct · Genetic rescue is the process of increasing population growth with new genetic variation by migrating individuals into another small population (i.e., gene flow). · In practice, wildlife managers take individuals from a larger, healthier population, and bring them to a smaller population to introduce new variation and eventually help grow the population.
· This conservation strategy aims to alleviate genetic load, decrease extinction risk, and enhance the viability of endangered species and populations.
· It is often employed in conservation biology to mitigate the negative effects of inbreeding depression, which can occur when individuals within a population mate with close relatives, leading to decreased reproductive success and viability of offspring.
· Genetic rescue can have both beneficial and deleterious effects, depending on factors such as the magnitude and duration of gene flow, as well as the genetic and non-genetic factors influencing population dynamics.
· There can be risks involved with moving animals around, so it’s often thought of as a last resort.
Context: Genetic rescue is proposed as a method to conserve Ranthambore National Park’s tiger population.
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