IASbaba Prelims 60 Days Plan, Rapid Revision Series (RaRe)
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The 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series is IASbaba’s Flagship Initiative recommended by Toppers and loved by the aspirants’ community every year.
It is the most comprehensive program which will help you complete the syllabus, revise and practice tests on a daily basis. The Programme on a daily basis includes
Daily Prelims MCQs from Static (Monday – Saturday)
- Daily Static Quiz will cover all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology.
- 20 questions will be posted daily and these questions are framed from the topics mentioned in the schedule.
- It will ensure timely and streamlined revision of your static subjects.
Daily Current Affairs MCQs (Monday – Saturday)
- Daily 5 Current Affairs questions, based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, would be published from Monday to Saturday according to the schedule.
Daily CSAT Quiz (Monday – Friday)
- CSAT has been an Achilles heel for many aspirants.
- Daily 5 CSAT Questions will be published.
Note – Daily Test of 20 static questions, 10 current affairs, and 5 CSAT questions. (35 Prelims Questions) in QUIZ FORMAT will be updated on a daily basis.
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Question 1 of 35
1. Question
The Parliament of India acquires the power to legislate, in the national interest, on any item in the State List of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. This can be done under which of the following conditions:
Correct
Solution (b)
Explanation:
• The Parliament can legislate on matters from the State List in India under certain conditions. According to Article 249 of the Indian Constitution, the Parliament is empowered to make laws on subjects listed in the State List if the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of Parliament) passes a resolution to that effect with a two-thirds majority present and voting. This provision allows the Parliament to legislate on state subjects, typically for a limited period, in the national interest, and subject to certain conditions. Hence option b is correct.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Explanation:
• The Parliament can legislate on matters from the State List in India under certain conditions. According to Article 249 of the Indian Constitution, the Parliament is empowered to make laws on subjects listed in the State List if the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of Parliament) passes a resolution to that effect with a two-thirds majority present and voting. This provision allows the Parliament to legislate on state subjects, typically for a limited period, in the national interest, and subject to certain conditions. Hence option b is correct.
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Question 2 of 35
2. Question
With respect to the powers of the Governor of a State, which of the following statements is correct?
Correct
Solution (c)
Explanation:
- The President and not the Governor can suspend or dissolve the state legislative assembly during President’s rule. Under Article 356 of the Constitution of India, when President’s rule is imposed in a state, the state legislature is suspended, and the President appoints an Administrator to administer the state. Hence option a is incorrect.
IASBABA’S DAY 37-60 DAYS PLAN
- The governor does not recommend the appointment of the Advocate General of the State. Rather he himself appoints the Advocate General of the State under Article 165 of the Indian Constitution on the recommendation of the State government. Hence option b is incorrect.
- The Governor of a state can reserve a bill passed by the state legislature for the assent of the President under Article 200 of the Indian Constitution. If the Governor reserves a bill for the assent of the President, the President may assent to the bill, withhold assent to the bill, or return the bill to the state legislature for reconsideration. If the President returns the bill to the state legislature, the legislature may pass the bill again with or without amendments. If the legislature passes the bill again, the President cannot withhold assent to the bill. Hence option c is correct.
• The Governor of a state cannot remove the Chairperson of the State Public Service Commission (SPSC). The Chairperson of the SPSC can only be removed by the President of India. This is because the SPSC is an independent body that is responsible for recruiting civil servants for the state government. The independence of the SPSC is essential to ensure that the recruitment process is fair and impartial. Hence option d is incorrect.
Incorrect
Solution (c)
Explanation:
- The President and not the Governor can suspend or dissolve the state legislative assembly during President’s rule. Under Article 356 of the Constitution of India, when President’s rule is imposed in a state, the state legislature is suspended, and the President appoints an Administrator to administer the state. Hence option a is incorrect.
IASBABA’S DAY 37-60 DAYS PLAN
- The governor does not recommend the appointment of the Advocate General of the State. Rather he himself appoints the Advocate General of the State under Article 165 of the Indian Constitution on the recommendation of the State government. Hence option b is incorrect.
- The Governor of a state can reserve a bill passed by the state legislature for the assent of the President under Article 200 of the Indian Constitution. If the Governor reserves a bill for the assent of the President, the President may assent to the bill, withhold assent to the bill, or return the bill to the state legislature for reconsideration. If the President returns the bill to the state legislature, the legislature may pass the bill again with or without amendments. If the legislature passes the bill again, the President cannot withhold assent to the bill. Hence option c is correct.
• The Governor of a state cannot remove the Chairperson of the State Public Service Commission (SPSC). The Chairperson of the SPSC can only be removed by the President of India. This is because the SPSC is an independent body that is responsible for recruiting civil servants for the state government. The independence of the SPSC is essential to ensure that the recruitment process is fair and impartial. Hence option d is incorrect.
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Question 3 of 35
3. Question
Which of the following statements rightly explains the term ‘federalism’?
Correct
Solution (d)
Explanation:
• A feature that can be said to be constant throughout all polities characterised as Federal, is that there is a division of power across various tiers (levels of government) – such as Centre, Regional/ State, Local, etc. Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country. A federation has minimum two levels of government. All these levels of governments enjoy their power somewhat independent of the other. Hence Option d is correct.
Incorrect
Solution (d)
Explanation:
• A feature that can be said to be constant throughout all polities characterised as Federal, is that there is a division of power across various tiers (levels of government) – such as Centre, Regional/ State, Local, etc. Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country. A federation has minimum two levels of government. All these levels of governments enjoy their power somewhat independent of the other. Hence Option d is correct.
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Question 4 of 35
4. Question
The 7th schedule of Indian Constitution provides for three lists viz. Union List, Concurrent List and State List. In this context, consider the following pairs:
List Subjects IASBABA’S DAY 37-60 DAYS PLAN
1. Union List Post and Telegraph 2. Concurrent List
Prison and public Health 3. State List Forests and Trade Unions How many of the above given pairs are correctly matched?
Correct
Solution (a)
Explanation:
- The Indian Constitution has three lists – the Union List, the State List and the Concurrent List, which demarcate the subjects on which the Union Legislature alone, the State Legislature alone, and both Union and State Legislatures can make laws respectively.
- The Union List includes subjects like Defence, Foreign Affairs, Railways, and Post and Telegraph. Hence Pair 1 is correctly matched.
- The Concurrent List includes subjects like Education, Transfer of Property other than Agricultural land, Forests, Trade Unions, Adulteration, Adoption and Succession. Both Union and State Legislature alone can make laws on these matters. Hence Pair 2 is incorrectly matched.
• State List includes subjects like Agriculture, Police, Prison, Local Government, Public Heath, Land, Liquor, Trade and Commerce, Livestock and Animal Husbandry, State Public Services etc. Normally only the State Legislature can make laws on these matters. Hence Pair 3 is incorrectly matched.
Incorrect
Solution (a)
Explanation:
- The Indian Constitution has three lists – the Union List, the State List and the Concurrent List, which demarcate the subjects on which the Union Legislature alone, the State Legislature alone, and both Union and State Legislatures can make laws respectively.
- The Union List includes subjects like Defence, Foreign Affairs, Railways, and Post and Telegraph. Hence Pair 1 is correctly matched.
- The Concurrent List includes subjects like Education, Transfer of Property other than Agricultural land, Forests, Trade Unions, Adulteration, Adoption and Succession. Both Union and State Legislature alone can make laws on these matters. Hence Pair 2 is incorrectly matched.
• State List includes subjects like Agriculture, Police, Prison, Local Government, Public Heath, Land, Liquor, Trade and Commerce, Livestock and Animal Husbandry, State Public Services etc. Normally only the State Legislature can make laws on these matters. Hence Pair 3 is incorrectly matched.
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Question 5 of 35
5. Question
With reference to President of India, consider the following statements:
- The President is not obliged to accept the reconsidered advice of the Council of Ministers.
- In case when no party has a clear majority in the Lok Sabha, then the President must appoint the leader of party with maximum seats as the Prime Minister. 3. The impeachment charges against president can be initiated by Lok Sabha only.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?
Correct
Solution (d)
Explanation:
- Article 74 states that there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the President who shall in the exercise of his functions, act in accordance with such advice. By the Forty-Fourth Amendment Act,1978, it was decided that the President can ask the Council of Ministers to reconsider its advice but, has to accept the reconsidered advice of the Council of Ministers. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
- If after an election, no leader has a clear majority in the Lok Sabha, then the President has to use his own discretion to appoint a person as the Prime Minister (may not necessarily be the leader with maximum seats) in judging who really may have the support of the majority or who can actually form and run the government. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
• The President can be removed from office by a process of impeachment for ‘violation of the Constitution’. The impeachment charges can be initiated by either House of Parliament. These charges should be signed by one-fourth members of the House (that framed the charges), and a 14 days’ notice should be given to the President. However, the Constitution does not define the meaning of the phrase ‘violation of the Constitution’. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.
Incorrect
Solution (d)
Explanation:
- Article 74 states that there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the President who shall in the exercise of his functions, act in accordance with such advice. By the Forty-Fourth Amendment Act,1978, it was decided that the President can ask the Council of Ministers to reconsider its advice but, has to accept the reconsidered advice of the Council of Ministers. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
- If after an election, no leader has a clear majority in the Lok Sabha, then the President has to use his own discretion to appoint a person as the Prime Minister (may not necessarily be the leader with maximum seats) in judging who really may have the support of the majority or who can actually form and run the government. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
• The President can be removed from office by a process of impeachment for ‘violation of the Constitution’. The impeachment charges can be initiated by either House of Parliament. These charges should be signed by one-fourth members of the House (that framed the charges), and a 14 days’ notice should be given to the President. However, the Constitution does not define the meaning of the phrase ‘violation of the Constitution’. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.
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Question 6 of 35
6. Question
Which of the following are the federal features of the Constitution of India?
- Integrated Judiciary.
- Rigidity of the Constitution
- Appointment of Comptroller and Auditor General of India.
- All India Services.
5. Reservation of bills passed by state legislature for the consideration of the President. Select the correct answer using the code given below
Correct
Solution (b)
Explanation:
- The following features describe Indian system as federal form of government: o Dual government
o Written constitution
o Division of powers between centre and states
o Supremacy of the constitution
o Rigid constitution
o Independent Judiciary
o Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
• Appointment of CAG, All India Services, reservation of bill passed by state legislature for the President and integrated judiciary are all features characterizing Unitary form of government.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Explanation:
- The following features describe Indian system as federal form of government: o Dual government
o Written constitution
o Division of powers between centre and states
o Supremacy of the constitution
o Rigid constitution
o Independent Judiciary
o Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
• Appointment of CAG, All India Services, reservation of bill passed by state legislature for the President and integrated judiciary are all features characterizing Unitary form of government.
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Question 7 of 35
7. Question
Consider the following statements:
- The President of India can refer any matter that is of public importance or that which involves interpretation of Constitution to Supreme Court for advice.
- The Supreme Court is bound to give advice on such matters.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution (a)
Explanation:
• Under Advisory Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, the Supreme Court of India possesses advisory jurisdiction also. This means that the President of India can refer any matter that is of public importance or that which involves interpretation of Constitution to Supreme Court for advice. However, the Supreme Court is not bound to give advice on such matters and the President is not bound to accept such an advice. Hence, option a is the correct answer.
Incorrect
Solution (a)
Explanation:
• Under Advisory Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, the Supreme Court of India possesses advisory jurisdiction also. This means that the President of India can refer any matter that is of public importance or that which involves interpretation of Constitution to Supreme Court for advice. However, the Supreme Court is not bound to give advice on such matters and the President is not bound to accept such an advice. Hence, option a is the correct answer.
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Question 8 of 35
8. Question
With reference to Finance Commission, consider the following statements:
- The Finance Commission is a statutory body.
- The Finance Commission is constituted every five years.
IASBABA’S DAY 37-60 DAYS PLAN
- The share of States from the divisible pool stands at 41% as per the recommendation of the 15th Finance Commission.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Solution (c)
Explanation:
- The Finance Commission (FC) is a constitutional body as it is established under the Article 280. It provides for the scheme of distribution of net tax proceeds collected by the Union government between the Centre and the States. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
- The Finance Commission is constituted every five years and is a body that is exclusively constituted by the Union Government. It consists of a chairman and four other members who are appointed by the President. The Finance Commission (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1951, has specified the qualifications for chairman and other members of the commission. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The share of States from the divisible pool (vertical devolution) stands at 41% as per the recommendation of the 15th Finance Commission. The Union government has notified the constitution of the 16th Finance Commission under the chairmanship of Dr. Arvind Panagariya for making its recommendations for the period of 2026-31. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
Incorrect
Solution (c)
Explanation:
- The Finance Commission (FC) is a constitutional body as it is established under the Article 280. It provides for the scheme of distribution of net tax proceeds collected by the Union government between the Centre and the States. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
- The Finance Commission is constituted every five years and is a body that is exclusively constituted by the Union Government. It consists of a chairman and four other members who are appointed by the President. The Finance Commission (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1951, has specified the qualifications for chairman and other members of the commission. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The share of States from the divisible pool (vertical devolution) stands at 41% as per the recommendation of the 15th Finance Commission. The Union government has notified the constitution of the 16th Finance Commission under the chairmanship of Dr. Arvind Panagariya for making its recommendations for the period of 2026-31. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
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Question 9 of 35
9. Question
Any question regarding disqualification arising out of defection under tenth schedule is to be decided by?
Correct
Solution (d)
Explanation:
- Any question regarding disqualification arising out of defection is to be decided by the presiding officer of the House. Originally, the act provided that the decision of the presiding officer is final and cannot be questioned in any court. However, in Kihoto
Hollohan case (1993), the Supreme Court declared this provision as unconstitutional on the ground that it seeks to take away the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and the high courts. Hence, option d is the correct answer.
Incorrect
Solution (d)
Explanation:
- Any question regarding disqualification arising out of defection is to be decided by the presiding officer of the House. Originally, the act provided that the decision of the presiding officer is final and cannot be questioned in any court. However, in Kihoto
Hollohan case (1993), the Supreme Court declared this provision as unconstitutional on the ground that it seeks to take away the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and the high courts. Hence, option d is the correct answer.
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Question 10 of 35
10. Question
With reference to disqualifications made under tenth schedule, consider the following statements:
- An independent member may join any political party within six months of taking his seat in the House without inviting this disqualification.
- A nominated member of a becomes disqualified to remain a member of the House if he joins any political party after such election.
Which of the above statements is/are Incorrect?
Correct
Solution (c)
Explanation:
- An independent member of a House (elected without being set up as a candidate by any political party) becomes disqualified to remain a member of the House if he joins any political party after such election. Hence, statement 1 is INCORRECT.
• A nominated member of a House becomes disqualified for being a member of the House if he joins any political party after the expiry of six months from the date on which he takes his seat in the House. This means that he may join any political party within six months of taking his seat in the House without inviting this disqualification. Hence, statement 2 is INCORRECT.
Incorrect
Solution (c)
Explanation:
- An independent member of a House (elected without being set up as a candidate by any political party) becomes disqualified to remain a member of the House if he joins any political party after such election. Hence, statement 1 is INCORRECT.
• A nominated member of a House becomes disqualified for being a member of the House if he joins any political party after the expiry of six months from the date on which he takes his seat in the House. This means that he may join any political party within six months of taking his seat in the House without inviting this disqualification. Hence, statement 2 is INCORRECT.
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Question 11 of 35
11. Question
Consider the following states of India:
- Assam
- Manipur
- Tripura
- Arunachal Pradesh
The provisions of the Sixth Schedule apply to tribal areas of which of the above states?
Correct
Solution (b)
Explanation:
• According to the Article 244(2), the provisions of the Sixth Schedule shall apply to the administration of the tribal areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram. The tribal areas in these four states are to be administered as Autonomous Districts. And the Governor is empowered to organize and reorganize the autonomous districts. Hence, option b is the correct answer.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Explanation:
• According to the Article 244(2), the provisions of the Sixth Schedule shall apply to the administration of the tribal areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram. The tribal areas in these four states are to be administered as Autonomous Districts. And the Governor is empowered to organize and reorganize the autonomous districts. Hence, option b is the correct answer.
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Question 12 of 35
12. Question
Consider the following statements:
- Active Euthanasia is the intentional act of letting a patient die by withholding or withdrawing life support or treatment necessary for maintaining life.
- Active Euthanasia was recognised by the Supreme Court of India in the Aruna Shanbaug Case.
- Active Euthanasia is also known as mercy killing.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution (d)
Explanation:
- Active Euthanasia is an intentional act to deliberately kill a terminally ill patient using various means whereas passive euthanasia happens when medical treatment is removed purposefully resulting in a person’s death to relieve him from unending pain. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
- The Aruna Shanbaug case triggered debate of Euthanasia in India. Supreme court in 2011 recognised passive euthanasia in this case by which it had permitted withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from patients not in a position to make an informed decision. Subsequent to this, in a landmark judgment (2018), the Supreme Court recognised passive euthanasia and living will. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
• Passive Euthanasia is also known as mercy killing because it intends to end a life in order to relieve pain and suffering, and the motive is good here (to ensure painless death). Hence, statement 3 is not correct.
Incorrect
Solution (d)
Explanation:
- Active Euthanasia is an intentional act to deliberately kill a terminally ill patient using various means whereas passive euthanasia happens when medical treatment is removed purposefully resulting in a person’s death to relieve him from unending pain. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
- The Aruna Shanbaug case triggered debate of Euthanasia in India. Supreme court in 2011 recognised passive euthanasia in this case by which it had permitted withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from patients not in a position to make an informed decision. Subsequent to this, in a landmark judgment (2018), the Supreme Court recognised passive euthanasia and living will. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
• Passive Euthanasia is also known as mercy killing because it intends to end a life in order to relieve pain and suffering, and the motive is good here (to ensure painless death). Hence, statement 3 is not correct.
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Question 13 of 35
13. Question
With respect to Union Territory of Delhi, consider the following statements:
- The 69th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1991 provided a special status to the Union Territory of Delhi.
- Like other states, the legislative assembly of Delhi can make laws on all the matters of the State List and the Concurrent List.
- The chief minister of Delhi is appointed by the President.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution (b)
Explanation:
- The 69th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1991 provided a special status to the Union Territory of Delhi, and redesignated it the National Capital Territory of Delhi and designated the administrator of Delhi as the lieutenant governor. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
- The Act created a legislative assembly and a council of ministers for Delhi. The elections are conducted by the election commission of India. The assembly can make laws on all the matters of the State List and the Concurrent List except the three matters of the State List, that is, public order, police, and land. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
• The chief minister of Delhi is appointed by the President (not by the Lt. Governor). The other ministers are appointed by the president on the advice of the chief minister. The ministers hold office during the pleasure of the president. The council of ministers is collectively responsible to the assembly. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Explanation:
- The 69th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1991 provided a special status to the Union Territory of Delhi, and redesignated it the National Capital Territory of Delhi and designated the administrator of Delhi as the lieutenant governor. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
- The Act created a legislative assembly and a council of ministers for Delhi. The elections are conducted by the election commission of India. The assembly can make laws on all the matters of the State List and the Concurrent List except the three matters of the State List, that is, public order, police, and land. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
• The chief minister of Delhi is appointed by the President (not by the Lt. Governor). The other ministers are appointed by the president on the advice of the chief minister. The ministers hold office during the pleasure of the president. The council of ministers is collectively responsible to the assembly. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
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Question 14 of 35
14. Question
With reference to the Delimitation Commission, consider the following statements:
- The orders of the Delimitation Commission can be challenged only in the Supreme Court of India.
2. Till now, only three Delimitation Commission Acts have been passed by the Parliament. Which of the above statements is/are Incorrect?
Correct
Solution (c)
Explanation:
- The Delimitation Commission is appointed by the President of India and works in collaboration with the Election Commission of India (ECI). The Delimitation Commission in India is a high-power body whose orders have the force of law and cannot be called in question before any court. Hence, statement 1 is INCORRECT.
• The Delimitation Commission Act was enacted in 1952. And till now, the Delimitation Commissions have been set up four times — 1952, 1963, 1973 and 2002 under the Acts of 1952, 1962, 1972 and 2002. Hence, statement 2 is INCORRECT.
Incorrect
Solution (c)
Explanation:
- The Delimitation Commission is appointed by the President of India and works in collaboration with the Election Commission of India (ECI). The Delimitation Commission in India is a high-power body whose orders have the force of law and cannot be called in question before any court. Hence, statement 1 is INCORRECT.
• The Delimitation Commission Act was enacted in 1952. And till now, the Delimitation Commissions have been set up four times — 1952, 1963, 1973 and 2002 under the Acts of 1952, 1962, 1972 and 2002. Hence, statement 2 is INCORRECT.
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Question 15 of 35
15. Question
The President of India is not elected directly by the people but by members of the Electoral College. Who among the following forms the part of the Electoral College?
- The elected members of the legislative assemblies of the states
- The elected members of the legislative councils of the states
- The elected members of both the Houses of Parliament
- The elected members of the legislative assemblies of the Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry
Select the answer using the code below:
Correct
Solution (b)
Explanation:
The President of India is not elected directly by the people but by members of the Electoral College. The following members form part of the Electoral College:
- The elected members of the legislative assemblies of the states
- The elected members of both the Houses of Parliament
- The elected members of the legislative assemblies of the Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry
Hence, option b is correct.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Explanation:
The President of India is not elected directly by the people but by members of the Electoral College. The following members form part of the Electoral College:
- The elected members of the legislative assemblies of the states
- The elected members of both the Houses of Parliament
- The elected members of the legislative assemblies of the Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry
Hence, option b is correct.
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Question 16 of 35
16. Question
Consider the following statements:
Statement I: The President of India is an integral part of the Parliament.
Statement II: A bill passed by both the Houses of Parliament cannot become law without the President’s assent.
Which one of the following is correct with respect to the above statements?
Correct
Solution (a)
Explanation:
- The President of India is an integral part of the Parliament. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
- The President of India is not a member of either House of Parliament and does not sit in the Parliament to attend its meetings.
- A bill passed by both the Houses of Parliament cannot become law without the President’s assent. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
- The President summons and pro-rogues both House, dissolves the Lok Sabha, addresses both Houses, and so on.
Incorrect
Solution (a)
Explanation:
- The President of India is an integral part of the Parliament. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
- The President of India is not a member of either House of Parliament and does not sit in the Parliament to attend its meetings.
- A bill passed by both the Houses of Parliament cannot become law without the President’s assent. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
- The President summons and pro-rogues both House, dissolves the Lok Sabha, addresses both Houses, and so on.
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Question 17 of 35
17. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the Zonal Councils:
- They are constitutional bodies aimed at promoting cooperation between states, union territories, and the centre.
- Each zonal council consists of the home minister of the central government and chief ministers of all states in that zone.
- They are only deliberative and advisory bodies that make recommendations regarding economic and social planning.
Select the answer using the code below:
Correct
Solution (c)
Explanation:
- Zonal Councils are statutory bodies as they are established by an act of the Parliament. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
- They are aimed at promoting cooperation between states, union territories, and the centre.
- The five zonal councils were set up under the States Re-organisation Act, of 1956. They are:
o The Northern Zonal Council
o The Central Zonal Council
o The Eastern Zonal Council
o The Western Zonal Council
o The Southern Zonal Council
- Each zonal council consists of the home minister of the central government, chief ministers of all states in that zone, two other ministers from each state in that zone, and the administrator of each territory in the zone. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
- The Union Home Minister is the Chairman of each of these Councils. • The Chief Ministers of the States included in each zone act as Vice-Chairman of the Zonal Council for that zone by rotation, each holding office for a period of one year at a time.
- They are only deliberative and advisory bodies that make recommendations regarding economic and social planning. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
• They may advise the central government and the government of each state concerned upon the action to be taken on any such matter.
Incorrect
Solution (c)
Explanation:
- Zonal Councils are statutory bodies as they are established by an act of the Parliament. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
- They are aimed at promoting cooperation between states, union territories, and the centre.
- The five zonal councils were set up under the States Re-organisation Act, of 1956. They are:
o The Northern Zonal Council
o The Central Zonal Council
o The Eastern Zonal Council
o The Western Zonal Council
o The Southern Zonal Council
- Each zonal council consists of the home minister of the central government, chief ministers of all states in that zone, two other ministers from each state in that zone, and the administrator of each territory in the zone. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
- The Union Home Minister is the Chairman of each of these Councils. • The Chief Ministers of the States included in each zone act as Vice-Chairman of the Zonal Council for that zone by rotation, each holding office for a period of one year at a time.
- They are only deliberative and advisory bodies that make recommendations regarding economic and social planning. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
• They may advise the central government and the government of each state concerned upon the action to be taken on any such matter.
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Question 18 of 35
18. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the Office of the President of India:
- The President can resign from his/her office by addressing the resignation letter to the Vice-President of India.
- The Constitution explicitly stipulates a tenure of five years for the President. 3. The President of India cannot hold the office beyond his term of five years under any circumstance.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution (b)
Explanation:
- The President can resign from his/her office by addressing the resignation letter to the Vice-President of India. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
- He/She can also be removed from the office before completion of his term by the process of impeachment by the Parliament.
- The Constitution explicitly stipulates a tenure of five years for the President. • Article 56 of the Indian Constitution states that the President shall hold office for a term of live years from the date on which he/she enters upon his/her office. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• The President of India can hold office beyond his/her term of five years until his/her successor assumes charge to avoid any ‘interregnum’. Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect. • The President is also eligible for re-election and may be elected for any number of terms
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Explanation:
- The President can resign from his/her office by addressing the resignation letter to the Vice-President of India. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
- He/She can also be removed from the office before completion of his term by the process of impeachment by the Parliament.
- The Constitution explicitly stipulates a tenure of five years for the President. • Article 56 of the Indian Constitution states that the President shall hold office for a term of live years from the date on which he/she enters upon his/her office. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• The President of India can hold office beyond his/her term of five years until his/her successor assumes charge to avoid any ‘interregnum’. Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect. • The President is also eligible for re-election and may be elected for any number of terms
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Question 19 of 35
19. Question
The Vice-President of India is elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of
- Nominated members of the Parliament
- Elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies
- Nominated members of State Legislative Council
- Elected members of the Lok Sabha
Select the answer using the code below:
Correct
Solution (b)
Explanation:
The Vice-President, like the president, is elected indirectly. The Vice-President of India is elected by an electoral college consisting of all the members of both houses of Parliament. This includes both Nominated members of Parliament and elected members of Parliament. Hence, option b is correct.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Explanation:
The Vice-President, like the president, is elected indirectly. The Vice-President of India is elected by an electoral college consisting of all the members of both houses of Parliament. This includes both Nominated members of Parliament and elected members of Parliament. Hence, option b is correct.
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Question 20 of 35
20. Question
With reference to the Governor of a State, consider the following statements:
- The Governor of a State is appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal.
- The office of the Governor of a State is considered as an employment under the Central government.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Solution (a)
Explanation:
- The Governor is the chief executive head of the state. But, like the President, he is a nominal executive head. He is appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal. Hence Statement 1 is correct.
• The Supreme Court in 1979 held that the office of governor of a state is not an employment under the Central government. It is an independent constitutional office and is not under the control of or subordinate to the Central government. Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.
Incorrect
Solution (a)
Explanation:
- The Governor is the chief executive head of the state. But, like the President, he is a nominal executive head. He is appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal. Hence Statement 1 is correct.
• The Supreme Court in 1979 held that the office of governor of a state is not an employment under the Central government. It is an independent constitutional office and is not under the control of or subordinate to the Central government. Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.
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Question 21 of 35
21. Question
With reference to Nanopore Technology, consider the following statements:
- It is a cutting-edge method for sequencing DNA and RNA by detecting changes in electrical conductivity as molecules pass through a nanopore.
2. It has the potential to sense and analyse single-molecule amino acids, DNA, RNA, etc. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Solution (c)
Context:
- Nanopore technology represents humanity’s latest weapon in the ongoing battle against diseases. In this context, it becomes important from the perspective of UPSC.
Explanation:
- Nanopore technology refers to nano-scale holes embedded in a thin membrane structure to detect the pote ntial change when charged biological molecules smaller than nanopores pass through the hole. It is a cutting-edge method for sequencing DNA and RNA by detecting changes in electrical conductivity as molecules pass through a nanopore. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• It has the potential to sense and analyse single-molecule amino acids, DNA, RNA, etc. In contrast to other sequencing technologies, nanopore-based sequencing is cheaper, very easy to use, does not require much computational and lab infrastructure, and only needs a small amount of DNA in a test sample. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Incorrect
Solution (c)
Context:
- Nanopore technology represents humanity’s latest weapon in the ongoing battle against diseases. In this context, it becomes important from the perspective of UPSC.
Explanation:
- Nanopore technology refers to nano-scale holes embedded in a thin membrane structure to detect the pote ntial change when charged biological molecules smaller than nanopores pass through the hole. It is a cutting-edge method for sequencing DNA and RNA by detecting changes in electrical conductivity as molecules pass through a nanopore. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• It has the potential to sense and analyse single-molecule amino acids, DNA, RNA, etc. In contrast to other sequencing technologies, nanopore-based sequencing is cheaper, very easy to use, does not require much computational and lab infrastructure, and only needs a small amount of DNA in a test sample. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
-
Question 22 of 35
22. Question
Consider the following statements about Black-collared yellow catfish:
- It is endemic to the Chalakudy river in Kerala.
- It has been classified as Critically Endangered in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Solution (a)
Context:
- Researchers at the Centre for Peninsular Aquatic Genetic Resources, Kochi, of the National Bureau for Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR) claimed to have developed a captive breeding protocol for black-collared yellow catfish. In this context, a question can be asked by UPSC about it.
IASBABA’S DAY 37-60 DAYS PLAN
Explanation:
- Black-collared yellow catfish is endemic to the Chalakudy river in Kerala. It is characterized by its greenish-brown mottled coloration, shorter barbels, and distinct genetic traits, the species coexists with the endangered Horabagrus Nigricollaris. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• It has been classified as endangered in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. The captive breeding programme of the fish began in 2020, and the first-generation stock was successfully bred by the researchers. The development of the breeding technique will help in the conservation of the species. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
Incorrect
Solution (a)
Context:
- Researchers at the Centre for Peninsular Aquatic Genetic Resources, Kochi, of the National Bureau for Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR) claimed to have developed a captive breeding protocol for black-collared yellow catfish. In this context, a question can be asked by UPSC about it.
IASBABA’S DAY 37-60 DAYS PLAN
Explanation:
- Black-collared yellow catfish is endemic to the Chalakudy river in Kerala. It is characterized by its greenish-brown mottled coloration, shorter barbels, and distinct genetic traits, the species coexists with the endangered Horabagrus Nigricollaris. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• It has been classified as endangered in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. The captive breeding programme of the fish began in 2020, and the first-generation stock was successfully bred by the researchers. The development of the breeding technique will help in the conservation of the species. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
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Question 23 of 35
23. Question
Polavaram Project, seen in news recently, is built on which river?
Correct
Solution (c)
Context:
- The Telangana government has decided to rope in experts from the Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad (IIT-H), to study the impact of the construction of the Polavaram project on the Godavari River. In this context, a question can be asked by UPSC about the project.
Explanation:
• Polavaram Project is a multi-purpose irrigation project built on the Godavari River in West Godavari district and East Godavari district in Andhra Pradesh. It involves the construction of a dam to address water scarcity, boost agricultural productivity, and generate power. Designed to withstand massive floods that could occur once in 1000 years, the Polavaram Spillway is set to have the highest discharge capacity in the world. It has been accorded national project status by the central government. Hence, option c is the correct answer.
Incorrect
Solution (c)
Context:
- The Telangana government has decided to rope in experts from the Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad (IIT-H), to study the impact of the construction of the Polavaram project on the Godavari River. In this context, a question can be asked by UPSC about the project.
Explanation:
• Polavaram Project is a multi-purpose irrigation project built on the Godavari River in West Godavari district and East Godavari district in Andhra Pradesh. It involves the construction of a dam to address water scarcity, boost agricultural productivity, and generate power. Designed to withstand massive floods that could occur once in 1000 years, the Polavaram Spillway is set to have the highest discharge capacity in the world. It has been accorded national project status by the central government. Hence, option c is the correct answer.
-
Question 24 of 35
24. Question
Banihal Pass, seen in news recently, is located in?
Correct
Solution (d)
Context:
- Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways recently announced the completion of a 4-lane, 2.35 km Banihal Bypass on NH-44. In this context, a question about the location of the pass can be asked by UPSC.
Explanation:
• Banihal Bypass is a four-lane, 2.35 km bypass to Banihal town in Jammu & Kashmir, a section that was riddled with chronic traffic snarl-ups. It was built at a cost of Rs 224.44 crore. Strategically located on the Ramban–Banihal section of NH-44, the bypass features 4 viaducts spanning 1,513 meters and 3 culverts, effectively addressing the persistent bottleneck caused by roadside markets and shops. Hence, option d is the correct answer.
Incorrect
Solution (d)
Context:
- Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways recently announced the completion of a 4-lane, 2.35 km Banihal Bypass on NH-44. In this context, a question about the location of the pass can be asked by UPSC.
Explanation:
• Banihal Bypass is a four-lane, 2.35 km bypass to Banihal town in Jammu & Kashmir, a section that was riddled with chronic traffic snarl-ups. It was built at a cost of Rs 224.44 crore. Strategically located on the Ramban–Banihal section of NH-44, the bypass features 4 viaducts spanning 1,513 meters and 3 culverts, effectively addressing the persistent bottleneck caused by roadside markets and shops. Hence, option d is the correct answer.
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Question 25 of 35
25. Question
Consider the following statements about Cowpea:
- It is a leguminous crop.
- It is also known as a black-eyed pea.
- It originated and was domesticated in India.
- China is the largest producer of cowpea in the world.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Solution (a)
Context:
- ISRO recently said the cowpea seeds it had sent to space onboard the PSLV-C60 POEM 4 platform have germinated under microgravity conditions within four days of the launch of the mission. In this context, a question can be asked about cowpea.
Explanation:
- Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an annual plant within the pea family (Fabaceae). It is a leguminous crop having long trailing vines producing seeds of black, white, or red colour used widely in various food preparations. It is also known as a black-eyed pea, southern pea, etc. Hence, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
- It originated and was domesticated in Southern Africa and was later moved to East and West Africa and Asia. The plant tolerates drought, performs well in a wide variety of soils, and, being a legume replenishes low-fertility soils when the roots are left to decay. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.
• The world’s largest production and consumption of cowpea is in West Africa, which accounts for more than 87% of world production and use. Nigeria, the largest producer and consumer, accounts for 46% of production worldwide. Hence, statement 4 is not correct.
Incorrect
Solution (a)
Context:
- ISRO recently said the cowpea seeds it had sent to space onboard the PSLV-C60 POEM 4 platform have germinated under microgravity conditions within four days of the launch of the mission. In this context, a question can be asked about cowpea.
Explanation:
- Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an annual plant within the pea family (Fabaceae). It is a leguminous crop having long trailing vines producing seeds of black, white, or red colour used widely in various food preparations. It is also known as a black-eyed pea, southern pea, etc. Hence, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
- It originated and was domesticated in Southern Africa and was later moved to East and West Africa and Asia. The plant tolerates drought, performs well in a wide variety of soils, and, being a legume replenishes low-fertility soils when the roots are left to decay. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.
• The world’s largest production and consumption of cowpea is in West Africa, which accounts for more than 87% of world production and use. Nigeria, the largest producer and consumer, accounts for 46% of production worldwide. Hence, statement 4 is not correct.
-
Question 26 of 35
26. Question
Panchayat Se Parliament 2.0, which was in news recently is organised by which of the following?
- National Commission for Women
- Lok Sabha Secretariat
- Ministry of Tribal Affairs
- Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Solution (a)
Context:
- Lok Sabha Speaker is set to inaugurate ‘Panchayat Se Parliament 2.0’ at the Central Hall of Samvidhan Sadan. In this context, a question can be asked by UPSC about it.
Explanation:
• Panchayat Se Parliament 2.0 is organised by the National Commission for Women (NCW), in collaboration with the Lok Sabha Secretariat and the Ministry of Tribal Affairs. The programme is being organised in commemoration of the 150th birth anniversary ofBhagwan Birsa Munda, the revered tribal leader and freedom fighter. It will bring together 502 elected women representatives from Scheduled Tribes across 22 states and Union Territories. Its primary focus is to empower these women representatives from Panchayati Raj institutions by enhancing their understanding of constitutional provisions, parliamentary procedures, and governance. Hence, options 1, 2 and 3 are correct and option 4 is not correct.
Incorrect
Solution (a)
Context:
- Lok Sabha Speaker is set to inaugurate ‘Panchayat Se Parliament 2.0’ at the Central Hall of Samvidhan Sadan. In this context, a question can be asked by UPSC about it.
Explanation:
• Panchayat Se Parliament 2.0 is organised by the National Commission for Women (NCW), in collaboration with the Lok Sabha Secretariat and the Ministry of Tribal Affairs. The programme is being organised in commemoration of the 150th birth anniversary ofBhagwan Birsa Munda, the revered tribal leader and freedom fighter. It will bring together 502 elected women representatives from Scheduled Tribes across 22 states and Union Territories. Its primary focus is to empower these women representatives from Panchayati Raj institutions by enhancing their understanding of constitutional provisions, parliamentary procedures, and governance. Hence, options 1, 2 and 3 are correct and option 4 is not correct.
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Question 27 of 35
27. Question
Consider the following statements about Rabbit Fever, which was in news recently:
- It is also commonly known as Tularemia.
- It is caused by a virus.
3. It is a rare infectious disease that is seen usually in children and older men. Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Solution (b)
Context:
- As per a recent report ‘rabbit fever’ has witnessed more than 50 per cent rise in the US in recent years. In this context, a question can be asked by UPSC about this disease.
IASBABA’S DAY 37-60 DAYS PLAN
Explanation:
- Rabbit Fever is also commonly known as Tularemia. It is a rare and sometimes deadly infectious disease that is seen in children between the 5-9 years age group, older men, and American Indians or Alaska Natives. Hence, statements 1 and 3 are correct.
• It is caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis and can infect animals and people. Rabbits, hares and rodents are more likely to get the disease. The illness can be mild or severe and high-grade fever is a common symptom in all kinds of illnesses. The signs and symptoms of tularemia can depend on how the bacteria has entered the body. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Context:
- As per a recent report ‘rabbit fever’ has witnessed more than 50 per cent rise in the US in recent years. In this context, a question can be asked by UPSC about this disease.
IASBABA’S DAY 37-60 DAYS PLAN
Explanation:
- Rabbit Fever is also commonly known as Tularemia. It is a rare and sometimes deadly infectious disease that is seen in children between the 5-9 years age group, older men, and American Indians or Alaska Natives. Hence, statements 1 and 3 are correct.
• It is caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis and can infect animals and people. Rabbits, hares and rodents are more likely to get the disease. The illness can be mild or severe and high-grade fever is a common symptom in all kinds of illnesses. The signs and symptoms of tularemia can depend on how the bacteria has entered the body. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
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Question 28 of 35
28. Question
With reference to Atomic Clock, consider the following statements:
- It is a device that measures time using the vibrations of atoms.
- It specifically uses the oscillations of the electrons in atoms to keep time. 3. It is the most accurate time-keeping device available.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Solution (d)
Context:
- A “groundbreaking” atomic clock built at a top-secret UK lab will make military operations more secure through experimental quantum technology over the years. In this context, a question can be asked by UPSC about the atomic clock.
Explanation:
- Atomic Clock is a device that measures time using the vibrations of atoms. Atomic clocks work by using a type of atom called a “cesium atom”. Cesium atoms are very stable and have a very specific frequency at which their electrons vibrate. This frequency is used as the basis for the atomic clock’s timekeeping. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
IASBABA’S DAY 37-60 DAYS PLAN
- It specifically uses the oscillations of the electrons in atoms to keep time. To measure time using cesium atoms, an atomic clock uses a device called a “microwave cavity”. The microwave cavity is a chamber that is filled with cesium vapor. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• It is the most accurate time-keeping device available, with a margin of error of just a few billionths of a second per day. It is far more precise than conventional clocks because atomic oscillations have a much higher frequency and are much more stable. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
Incorrect
Solution (d)
Context:
- A “groundbreaking” atomic clock built at a top-secret UK lab will make military operations more secure through experimental quantum technology over the years. In this context, a question can be asked by UPSC about the atomic clock.
Explanation:
- Atomic Clock is a device that measures time using the vibrations of atoms. Atomic clocks work by using a type of atom called a “cesium atom”. Cesium atoms are very stable and have a very specific frequency at which their electrons vibrate. This frequency is used as the basis for the atomic clock’s timekeeping. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
IASBABA’S DAY 37-60 DAYS PLAN
- It specifically uses the oscillations of the electrons in atoms to keep time. To measure time using cesium atoms, an atomic clock uses a device called a “microwave cavity”. The microwave cavity is a chamber that is filled with cesium vapor. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• It is the most accurate time-keeping device available, with a margin of error of just a few billionths of a second per day. It is far more precise than conventional clocks because atomic oscillations have a much higher frequency and are much more stable. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
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Question 29 of 35
29. Question
With reference to IceCube Neutrino Observatory, consider the following statements:
- It is a device located at the Earth’s North Pole that detects subatomic particles called neutrinos.
- IceCube collaborators address several big questions in physics, like the nature of dark matter and the properties of the neutrino itself.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Solution (b)
Context:
- Scientists are deploying two telescopes which are part of the Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope or KM3NeT to detect high-energy neutrinos, also known as ghost particles, under the Mediterranean Sea. In this context, a question can be asked indirectly about IceCube Neutrino Observatory.
Explanation:
- IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a device located at the Earth’s South Pole that detects subatomic particles called neutrinos. Built and maintained by the IceCube Collaboration, it consists of approximately 350 physicists from 58 institutions across 14 countries, led by the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
IASBABA’S DAY 37-60 DAYS PLAN
• IceCube collaborators address several big questions in physics, like the nature of dark matter and the properties of the neutrino itself. Neutrinos are tiny subatomic particles, often called ‘ghost particles’ because they barely interact with anything else. Neutrinos are, however, the most common particle in the universe. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Context:
- Scientists are deploying two telescopes which are part of the Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope or KM3NeT to detect high-energy neutrinos, also known as ghost particles, under the Mediterranean Sea. In this context, a question can be asked indirectly about IceCube Neutrino Observatory.
Explanation:
- IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a device located at the Earth’s South Pole that detects subatomic particles called neutrinos. Built and maintained by the IceCube Collaboration, it consists of approximately 350 physicists from 58 institutions across 14 countries, led by the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
IASBABA’S DAY 37-60 DAYS PLAN
• IceCube collaborators address several big questions in physics, like the nature of dark matter and the properties of the neutrino itself. Neutrinos are tiny subatomic particles, often called ‘ghost particles’ because they barely interact with anything else. Neutrinos are, however, the most common particle in the universe. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
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Question 30 of 35
30. Question
With reference to Abdali Missile, consider the following statements:
- It is a short-range, road-mobile, solid propellant ballistic missile.
- It is developed by Iran for quick-reaction battlefield scenarios.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Solution (a)
Context:
- Amid rising tensions in India-Bangladesh relations, Dhaka is reportedly mulling to purchase the Abdali Short Range Ballistic Missiles (SRBMs) aka the Hatf 2 missiles, from Pakistan. In this context, a question can be asked by UPSC about the missile.
Explanation:
- Abdali (Hatf 2) is a short-range, road-mobile, solid propellant ballistic missile. It measures 6.5 m in length, 0.56 m in diameter, and weighs 1,750 kg at launch. It can range 180-200 km while carrying a variable 250-450 kg warhead. It is equipped with an inertial guidance system and has a CEP of 150 m. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Developed by Pakistan’s Space Research Commission (SUPARCO), the Abdali missile system is designed for quick-reaction battlefield scenarios. Its relatively small warhead limits its destructive capability, but its accuracy is sufficient to target military bases and airfields or critical infrastructure such as power plants and industrial facilities. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
Incorrect
Solution (a)
Context:
- Amid rising tensions in India-Bangladesh relations, Dhaka is reportedly mulling to purchase the Abdali Short Range Ballistic Missiles (SRBMs) aka the Hatf 2 missiles, from Pakistan. In this context, a question can be asked by UPSC about the missile.
Explanation:
- Abdali (Hatf 2) is a short-range, road-mobile, solid propellant ballistic missile. It measures 6.5 m in length, 0.56 m in diameter, and weighs 1,750 kg at launch. It can range 180-200 km while carrying a variable 250-450 kg warhead. It is equipped with an inertial guidance system and has a CEP of 150 m. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Developed by Pakistan’s Space Research Commission (SUPARCO), the Abdali missile system is designed for quick-reaction battlefield scenarios. Its relatively small warhead limits its destructive capability, but its accuracy is sufficient to target military bases and airfields or critical infrastructure such as power plants and industrial facilities. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
-
Question 31 of 35
31. Question
Passage – 1
In recent years, there has been growing concern about the threat to privacy posed by new technologies, such as big data and artificial intelligence. Corporations can use these technologies to collect and analyse vast amounts of personal information, which can then be used to target individuals with advertising or to make decisions about their employment, housing, or access to credit. Privacy is a necessary condition for individuals to be able to fully participate in society. When individuals have their privacy respected, they are free to make their own choices about their lives and to pursue their interests without fear of government or corporations.
Q.31) Which one of the following is the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the above passage?
Correct
Solution (b)
Explanation
Option (a) is incorrect: The passage mentions that there are concerns about the threat to privacy posed by new digital technologies as seen in the lines, “In recent years, there has been growing concern about the threat to privacy posed by new technologies, such as big data and artificial intelligence.” This does not mean that merely deploying such technologies violates the right to privacy as mentioned in this option. If these technologies are misused, then one can say that a violation has happened. However, the given option is not correct because mere deployment is not a violation. Hence, this is not the most rational inference.
Option (b) is correct: The given passage is about the threat to privacy from the misuse of digital technologies deployed by corporations. When privacy is respected, an individual expresses him/herself freely as seen in the lines “Corporations can use these technologies to
IASBABA’S DAY 37-60 DAYS PLAN
collect and analyse vast amounts of personal information, which can then be used to target individuals with …. When individuals have their privacy respected, they are free to make their own choices about their lives and to pursue their interests without fear of government or corporations.”
Option (c) is incorrect: Though government has been mentioned in the last line, the main theme of the passage is how digital technologies can be misused by corporations to violate the right to privacy. Hence, this option is not the most rational inference.
Option (d) is incorrect: The given option mentions the growth of digital technologies and states that individual privacy acts as a hindrance to it. However, the passage is about how digital technologies can be misused by corporations to extract personal data. Also, the context of the growth of digital economy and issues inherent in it have not been discussed in the passage. Moreover, this option statement is rather pessimistic in tone, while the passage is not. Hence, this option is not correct.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Explanation
Option (a) is incorrect: The passage mentions that there are concerns about the threat to privacy posed by new digital technologies as seen in the lines, “In recent years, there has been growing concern about the threat to privacy posed by new technologies, such as big data and artificial intelligence.” This does not mean that merely deploying such technologies violates the right to privacy as mentioned in this option. If these technologies are misused, then one can say that a violation has happened. However, the given option is not correct because mere deployment is not a violation. Hence, this is not the most rational inference.
Option (b) is correct: The given passage is about the threat to privacy from the misuse of digital technologies deployed by corporations. When privacy is respected, an individual expresses him/herself freely as seen in the lines “Corporations can use these technologies to
IASBABA’S DAY 37-60 DAYS PLAN
collect and analyse vast amounts of personal information, which can then be used to target individuals with …. When individuals have their privacy respected, they are free to make their own choices about their lives and to pursue their interests without fear of government or corporations.”
Option (c) is incorrect: Though government has been mentioned in the last line, the main theme of the passage is how digital technologies can be misused by corporations to violate the right to privacy. Hence, this option is not the most rational inference.
Option (d) is incorrect: The given option mentions the growth of digital technologies and states that individual privacy acts as a hindrance to it. However, the passage is about how digital technologies can be misused by corporations to extract personal data. Also, the context of the growth of digital economy and issues inherent in it have not been discussed in the passage. Moreover, this option statement is rather pessimistic in tone, while the passage is not. Hence, this option is not correct.
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Question 32 of 35
32. Question
Passage – 2
Climate change and technology are intrinsically linked in the ongoing battle to address and mitigate the impacts of global warming. The industrial and technological advancements of the past century have been a significant driver of greenhouse gas emissions. Energy intensive processes, transportation, and deforestation, often enabled by technology, have contributed to rising carbon dioxide levels. Conversely, technology offers vital tools to combat climate change. Renewable energy technologies, such as solar and wind power, have become more efficient and cost-effective, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels. Innovations in energy storage, electric vehicles, and sustainable agriculture offer pathways to a lower carbon future. Furthermore, technology aids in climate monitoring and data collection, providing valuable insights into climate patterns and trends. Climate modelling and simulation technologies help scientists predict the impacts of climate change and formulate strategies for adaptation and mitigation.
IASBABA’S DAY 37-60 DAYS PLAN
Q.32) Which of the following is the most rational and logical inference that can be drawn from the passage?
Correct
Solution (b)
Explanation
Option (a) is incorrect: The statement is based on the lines “Renewable energy technologies, such as solar and wind power, have become more efficient and cost-effective, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels.” These lines mean that new technologies have reduced dependence on fossil fuels as they are more cost-efficient. However, the statement mentions efficiency and cost-effectiveness as the reasons for reliance on technologies for climate change mitigation, which is not what is mentioned in the passage. So, this option is not the most rational inference.
Option (b) is correct: The passage is about how technology causes climate change acting as an evil as visible in the lines, “Energy-intensive processes, transportation, and deforestation, often enabled by technology, have contributed to rising carbon dioxide levels”, and now how technology is a necessity to combat climate change as seen in the lines, “Conversely, technology offers vital tools to combat climate change. Renewable energy technologies, such as solar and wind power, have become more efficient and cost-effective, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels. Innovations in energy storage, electric vehicles, and sustainable agriculture offer pathways to a lower-carbon future” So, in the context of climate change, technology can be considered as a necessary evil. Therefore, this option is the most rational inference. Option (c) is incorrect: The main theme of the passage is how technology aided climate change, and how it will help in addressing the impact of climate change in the future. However, the option is very narrow in context as it is based on the line, “Furthermore, technology aids in climate monitoring and data collection, providing valuable insights into climate patterns and trends.” It only mentions climate monitoring and data collection as helpful tools in understanding climate patterns, which is not the central theme of the passage. So, this is not the most rational inference.
Option (d) is incorrect: The given option seems to be correct, but it is not, because it only partially covers the main theme of the passage. It only mentions technologies for the future
IASBABA’S DAY 37-60 DAYS PLAN
(which have been mentioned just as examples to showcase the good side of technology) and misses how technology contributes to climate change. The context of the lines, “The industrial and technological advancements of the past century have been a significant driver of greenhouse gas emissions. Energy-intensive processes, transportation, and deforestation, often enabled by technology, have contributed to rising carbon dioxide levels” is missing in the option. Hence, this option is not the most rational inference.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Explanation
Option (a) is incorrect: The statement is based on the lines “Renewable energy technologies, such as solar and wind power, have become more efficient and cost-effective, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels.” These lines mean that new technologies have reduced dependence on fossil fuels as they are more cost-efficient. However, the statement mentions efficiency and cost-effectiveness as the reasons for reliance on technologies for climate change mitigation, which is not what is mentioned in the passage. So, this option is not the most rational inference.
Option (b) is correct: The passage is about how technology causes climate change acting as an evil as visible in the lines, “Energy-intensive processes, transportation, and deforestation, often enabled by technology, have contributed to rising carbon dioxide levels”, and now how technology is a necessity to combat climate change as seen in the lines, “Conversely, technology offers vital tools to combat climate change. Renewable energy technologies, such as solar and wind power, have become more efficient and cost-effective, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels. Innovations in energy storage, electric vehicles, and sustainable agriculture offer pathways to a lower-carbon future” So, in the context of climate change, technology can be considered as a necessary evil. Therefore, this option is the most rational inference. Option (c) is incorrect: The main theme of the passage is how technology aided climate change, and how it will help in addressing the impact of climate change in the future. However, the option is very narrow in context as it is based on the line, “Furthermore, technology aids in climate monitoring and data collection, providing valuable insights into climate patterns and trends.” It only mentions climate monitoring and data collection as helpful tools in understanding climate patterns, which is not the central theme of the passage. So, this is not the most rational inference.
Option (d) is incorrect: The given option seems to be correct, but it is not, because it only partially covers the main theme of the passage. It only mentions technologies for the future
IASBABA’S DAY 37-60 DAYS PLAN
(which have been mentioned just as examples to showcase the good side of technology) and misses how technology contributes to climate change. The context of the lines, “The industrial and technological advancements of the past century have been a significant driver of greenhouse gas emissions. Energy-intensive processes, transportation, and deforestation, often enabled by technology, have contributed to rising carbon dioxide levels” is missing in the option. Hence, this option is not the most rational inference.
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Question 33 of 35
33. Question
The sum of ages of Shika and Rudra is 62 years. 6 years ago, the age of Shikha was 4 times that of Rudra. Find the difference between the present ages of Shikha and Rudra.
Correct
Solution (b)
Explanation
Let present ages of Shikha and Rudra be x and y respectively.
So, x + y = 62
Or x = 62 – y
6 years ago, the age of Shikha = x – 6
6 years ago, the age of Rudra = y – 6
6 years ago, the age of Shikha was 4 times that of Rudra.
So, x – 6 = 4(y – 6)
Or x – 6 = 4y – 24
Or 4y – x = 18
Or 4y – (62 – y) = 18 (since, x = 62 – y)
Or 5y – 62 = 18
Or 5y = 80
Or y = 80/5 = 16
Now, x = 62 – y = 62 – 16 = 46
IASBABA’S DAY 37-60 DAYS PLAN
Difference between the present ages of Shikha and Rudra = 46 – 16 = 30 years So, option (b) is the right answer.
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Explanation
Let present ages of Shikha and Rudra be x and y respectively.
So, x + y = 62
Or x = 62 – y
6 years ago, the age of Shikha = x – 6
6 years ago, the age of Rudra = y – 6
6 years ago, the age of Shikha was 4 times that of Rudra.
So, x – 6 = 4(y – 6)
Or x – 6 = 4y – 24
Or 4y – x = 18
Or 4y – (62 – y) = 18 (since, x = 62 – y)
Or 5y – 62 = 18
Or 5y = 80
Or y = 80/5 = 16
Now, x = 62 – y = 62 – 16 = 46
IASBABA’S DAY 37-60 DAYS PLAN
Difference between the present ages of Shikha and Rudra = 46 – 16 = 30 years So, option (b) is the right answer.
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Question 34 of 35
34. Question
A group of students appeared for the exam. Each of them attempted 45 questions and each of them obtained different marks. If none of the students scored negative marks, how many students may have appeared for the exam?
Correct
Solution (d)
Explanation
As discussed above, the maximum marks that can be obtained in this condition is 130. For a single wrong answer, marks will get reduced by 5.
No student obtained negative marks. So, the marks obtained may be 0, 5, 10, …., 130; i.e. 27 possible marks.
So, 27 students can appear for the exam and each of them may get a different score. Hence, option (d) is the right answer.
Incorrect
Solution (d)
Explanation
As discussed above, the maximum marks that can be obtained in this condition is 130. For a single wrong answer, marks will get reduced by 5.
No student obtained negative marks. So, the marks obtained may be 0, 5, 10, …., 130; i.e. 27 possible marks.
So, 27 students can appear for the exam and each of them may get a different score. Hence, option (d) is the right answer.
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Question 35 of 35
35. Question
Ramesh distributed 148 t-shirts amongst 4 orphanages in arithmetic progression, such that the product of the second and the third terms is 8 more than the product of the first and the last terms. What is the number of t-shirts given to the third orphanage?
Correct
Solution (c)
Explanation
Let the distributed t-shirts be a-3d, a-d, a+d and a+3d
Sum of the number of distributed t-shirts = a – 3d + a – d + a + d + a + 3d = 148
4a = 148
a = 37
According to the question,
(a – d) (a + d) = (a – 3d) (a + 3d) + 8
a2 – d2 = a2 – 9d2 + 8
8d2 = 8
d2 = 1
d = ± 1
For d = 1,
T-shirts distributed to the third orphanage = a + d = 37 + 1 = 38 For d = -1
T-shirts distributed to the third orphanage = 37 – 1 = 36
Hence, option (c) is the right answer.
Incorrect
Solution (c)
Explanation
Let the distributed t-shirts be a-3d, a-d, a+d and a+3d
Sum of the number of distributed t-shirts = a – 3d + a – d + a + d + a + 3d = 148
4a = 148
a = 37
According to the question,
(a – d) (a + d) = (a – 3d) (a + 3d) + 8
a2 – d2 = a2 – 9d2 + 8
8d2 = 8
d2 = 1
d = ± 1
For d = 1,
T-shirts distributed to the third orphanage = a + d = 37 + 1 = 38 For d = -1
T-shirts distributed to the third orphanage = 37 – 1 = 36
Hence, option (c) is the right answer.
All the Best
IASbaba