Ethics Theory, TLP-UPSC Mains Answer Writing
Q.1. “In contemporary politics, identity often overrides ideology as the primary driver of political attitudes.” Discuss. (150 words, 10 marks)
Introduction
Identity is one’s sense of belonging based on traits like religion, caste, or ethnicity. Ideology is a set of political beliefs and values. Today, identity often shapes political attitudes more strongly than ideology.
Body
Political attitudes shaped more by identity
“As Amartya Sen noted, ‘Identity can be a source of pride but also a prison’. 1. Identity drives loyalty : Caste, religion, or region often define political alignment. Example: Caste voting patterns in Bihar elections.
- Emotion beats reason : Identity-linked emotions like pride or fear distort rational choice.
Example: Nationalism dominating economic debates in 2019 elections. 3. Leaders exploit divisions: Politicians mobilise identity narratives to deflect accountability.
Example: Communal overtones during Delhi riots controversy.
- Media reinforces echo chambers : Algorithms fuel identity-based content bubbles. Example: Social media polarisation during CAA protests.
- Socialisation embeds identity early : Children inherit identity-based affiliations before political awareness.
Example: Family-based party loyalty in rural India.
Enduring relevance of ideology
- Ideology appeals to urban voters : Educated youth favour issue-based politics. Example: Bengaluru’s youth backing climate-focused candidates.
- Ideologies mobilise reform : Movements need ideological vision to sustain. Example: Leftist ideology in Kerala’s land reforms.
- Civic education promotes ideology : Awareness helps citizens shift focus from identity. Example: Kerala’s civic literacy aiding issue-based politics.
Conclusion
Though identity often dominates, but ideology remains vital where civic awareness is strong. A healthy democracy must move beyond identity traps. A balanced democracy demands a conscious shift from emotive identity politics to informed ideological participation.
