Ethics Theory, TLP-UPSC Mains Answer Writing
Q. 2. “The unexamined life is not worth living.” – Socrates. What do you understand by this quote? Discuss its relevance in the context of self-awareness and ethical conduct in public life. (150 words, 10 marks)
Introduction
Socrates believed that self-questioning is key to a meaningful life. In public life, this means constantly checking one’s values and actions to ensure ethical governance and personal integrity.
Body
Explanation of the Quote:
The quote implies that a life lived without questioning one’s motives, values, and choices lacks depth and integrity. Socrates believed wisdom begins with admitting ignorance and striving to understand one’s role and actions through critical reasoning and dialogue.
Example: During his trial in 399 BCE, Socrates refused to abandon his commitment to truth, even when it meant facing death—demonstrating his belief in living an examined life.
Significance of Self-Awareness and Ethical Conduct in Public Life
- Preventing ethical erosion: Civil servants must regularly evaluate their decisions to avoid moral compromise. Example: Justice H.R. Khanna’s dissent during the Emergency (1975) upheld constitutional morality despite political pressure.
- Aligning actions with public service values: Leaders who introspect remain connected to the ideals of service and justice. Example: Gandhiji’s daily self-reflection (“My life is my message”) kept him committed to truth and non-violence.
- Building moral courage: Ethical resilience stems from inner clarity developed through self-examination.
- Challenging unjust systems: Critical self-reflection helps resist unethical but normalized practices. Example: Bhishma and Drona’s silence in the Mahabharata—their unexamined loyalty perpetuated injustice.
- Fostering institutional integrity: Reflective officers set precedents that strengthen ethical culture.
However, while self-examination is crucial, excessive reflection can also create challenges in public administration.
- Delayed decision-making: Excessive introspection can hinder swift action in crises. Example: Over-analysis may delay disaster relief due to bureaucratic hesitation.
- Idealism vs. practical governance: Ground realities often require pragmatic compromises. Example: Kautilya’s Arthashastra justifies tough choices (e.g., surveillance) for state security.
Conclusion
Socrates’ message is timeless. Public servants must reflect on their actions to stay ethical and just. As Carl Jung said, “Your vision will become clear only when you can look into your own heart.”
