Ethics Theory, TLP-UPSC Mains Answer Writing
Q. 2. “Globalization has simultaneously fostered cultural homogenization and the strengthening of local identities. Analyze this paradox in the Indian context.”(150 words, 10 marks)
Introduction
Globalization, as defined by the World Bank, is the growing integration of economies and societies across the world. In India, it has led to cultural convergence in some areas, while simultaneously fueling a reassertion of local and regional identities.
Body
Cultural Homogenization in India
- Western Lifestyles and Media Influence: Global pop culture shapes urban youth behavior, values, and choices. Example: Netflix, McDonald’s, and Instagram dominate urban spaces, altering traditional social norms and preferences.
- Linguistic Dominance of English and Hindi: Regional dialects are being sidelined in media and education. Example: Advertising and digital content often use English or Hinglish, even in regional states.
- Uniform Consumer and Shopping Culture: Malls and e-commerce promote standard experiences across cities. Example: Malls in Jaipur and Kochi now offer similar brands like Zara and Starbucks.
- Decline in Traditional Clothing and Food Habits: Global fashion and fast food alter everyday cultural practices. Example: Jeans and burgers are replacing dhotis and traditional meals, especially among youth.
Strengthening of Local Identities in India
- Revival of Indigenous Arts and Crafts: Traditional art forms are being actively preserved and promoted. Example: GI tags for Channapatna toys and Madhubani paintings ensure their cultural recognition and market protection.
- Growth of Regional Language Media: Local OTT platforms and literature are gaining prominence. Example: Platforms like Planet Marathi showcase regional stories and talent.
- Cultural Festivals Gaining Wider Attention: Local celebrations are now embraced beyond their native regions. Example: Hornbill Festival in Nagaland and Onam in Kerala draw national and international visitors.
- Pride in Ethnic and Linguistic Identities: States are promoting their own heritage and identity actively. Example: Tamil Nadu’s push for classical Tamil and Kerala’s promotion of Malayalam literature.
Conclusion
Globalization in India has created a dynamic interplay of cultural blending and revival. While some aspects are homogenized, local identities continue to thrive. As per the UNESCO Cultural Diversity Report (2022), culture adapts, resists, and redefines itself in global contexts.
