Ethics Theory, TLP-UPSC Mains Answer Writing
Q. 4. Digital governance has transformed citizen-state interaction, yet digital exclusion remains a challenge. Critically evaluate the impact of e-governance initiatives on inclusive and transparent governance. (150 words, 10 marks)
Introduction
According to the World Bank, digital governance refers to the use of digital technologies to enhance public services, improve transparency, and strengthen citizen participation in governmental processes.
Body
Digital Governance and Its Role in Inclusive and Transparent Governance
E-governance has revolutionized public administration by making services more accessible, efficient, and accountable. However, it also brings challenges in terms of digital literacy, access, and equity.
Positive Role of E-Governance Initiatives
- Improved Accessibility and Service Delivery: Digital platforms reduce delays and simplify access to services for citizens. Example: DigiLocker allows citizens to store official documents like PAN and driving licenses securely online.
- Enhanced Transparency and Accountability: E-governance systems make government processes auditable and minimize corruption. Example: CPGRAMS enables citizens to file and track complaints against public officials.
- Wider Citizen Participation and Feedback: Digital platforms encourage participatory governance. Example: MyGov portal enables public input on policy issues like budget priorities and flagship programs.
- Cost and Time Efficiency: Automation of services minimizes red tape and curbs leakages in welfare delivery. Example: The Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) system credits subsidies directly into beneficiary accounts.
- Boost to Last-Mile Delivery and Inclusivity: E-governance bridges geographical barriers, bringing services to remote populations. Example: Common Service Centres (CSCs) operate in over 2.5 lakh rural locations.
Limitations of E-Governance in Ensuring Inclusion
- Digital Exclusion and Access Barriers: Unequal access to smartphones, computers, and internet connectivity creates a digital divide. Example: Rural women and the elderly often remain cut off from online platforms.
- Issues of Data Privacy and Trust Deficit: Absence of robust safeguards leads to concerns over surveillance and misuse of personal data. Example: Citizens have raised apprehensions about the linking of Aadhaar data with multiple services.
- Low Digital Literacy and Awareness: A large segment of the population lacks digital skills. Example: Uptake of the e-Shram portal among informal workers has been inconsistent.
- Language and Design Barriers: Poor localization and user interface design reduce usability for many marginalized groups. Example: Government apps often lack regional language support and accessibility features.
Measures to Make Digital Governance More Inclusive and Transparent
- Bridging the Digital Divide: Expanding internet connectivity through fiber optic networks will ensure access to services in rural and tribal regions, as emphasized by the 2nd ARC.
- Digital Literacy and Capacity Building: Programs offering basic computer skills to marginalized citizens help close the knowledge gap and enable broader participation.
- Inclusive Design of Digital Platforms: Interfaces must support regional languages and accessibility tools to allow universal usage across diverse populations.
- Strengthening Data Protection and Cybersecurity: Robust legal frameworks and encrypted systems are essential to build public trust in digital platforms.
- Community Participation and Feedback Mechanisms: Involving local communities in the design and evaluation of platforms ensures services are relevant and user-friendly.
Conclusion
Digital governance has enhanced transparency and service delivery, but inclusive access must be prioritized to ensure equitable benefits and strengthen participatory democracy, as envisioned under the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP).
