·       Ammonia is currently produced from natural gas and in its production process, emits 2 tonnes of CO2 for every tonne of ammonia.

·       For this reason, conventional ammonia is referred to as grey ammonia.

·       Green ammonia, on the other hand, does not emit CO2 in its production process and is therefore expected to grow exponentially in production to replace grey ammonia and can be used for additional uses.

·       To produce green ammonia, green hydrogen must first be obtained through a process of water electrolysis.

·       The green ammonia produced is intended to be supplied to fertilizer companies and not the steel industry.

·       SIGHT – The mission introduces a Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition (SIGHT) fund for five years, with ₹13,000 crore as direct support to consume green hydrogen.

·       This will encourage heavy industries to increase demand, offering economies of scale by which suppliers can reduce prices.

·       The NHCX will serve as a gateway for exchanging claims-related information among various stakeholders in the healthcare and health insurance ecosystem.

·       The integration with NHCX is expected to enhance efficiency and transparency in the insurance industry, benefiting policyholders and patients.

·       NHCX aims to streamline the claims process by bringing all stakeholders onto one platform, reducing claim times and standardizing procedures.

·       A timeline has been set for processing cashless claims within three hours of receiving discharge authorization from the hospital.

·       To encourage adoption, financial incentives of 500 rupees per claim or 10% of the claim amount (whichever is lower) will be given to hospitals for every insurance claim transaction through NHCX.

·       NHCX is expected to help in standardization and interoperability of health claims, enable transparent and efficient claims processing, and reduce related operational costs.

·       It could also bring a more standardized approach to healthcare pricing through uniform data presentation and centralized validation of claims data.

·       Over 30 insurance companies are already onboard the NHCX platform, and efforts are underway to bring in hospitals as well.

·       Primary objectives – To monitor the energy and water budgets of the continental biosphere, quantifying terrestrial water stress and water use efficiency.

·       It will also provide high-resolution observations of coastal and inland water quality dynamics.

Payloads – The satellite will carry two primary payloads.

·       The Thermal Infra-Red (TIR)

·       The Visible Near Infrared-Red Short Wave Infrared-Red (VNIR-SWIR)

·       TIR payload will be provided by the French space agency CNES.

·       It will be a four channel long-wavelength infrared imaging sensor that will study high-resolution surface temperature.

·       It will also map the amounts of heat radiated back from land in different regions.

·       VNIR-SWIR payload is being developed by ISRO. It will map over seven bands the reflectivity or albedo of earth’s surface.

·       This will measure the amount of heat reflecting off the earth’s surface, and will also calculate various biophysical and radiation budget variables.

·       Features – It has a unique combination of high spatial resolution (57m for land/coastal, 1km for ocean/polar) and frequent revisit time of just 2-3 days.

·       This will enable unprecedented monitoring of key climate variables like surface temperatures, soil moisture, evapotranspiration rates, and vegetation health indicators.

·       Orbit – It will operate from a sun-synchronous orbit at 761 km altitude, carrying two cutting-edge imaging payloads.

·       Benefits – In agriculture, it will help optimize irrigation, improve crop productivity and enable sustainable water management practices.

·       Urban planners will benefit from detailed urban heat island mapping, while water resource managers can monitor pollution in rivers, lakes and coastal areas.

·       The mission will also support sectors like disaster management by detecting forest fires and volcanic activity.

·       It acts as climate tracker by measuring key climate variables like evapotranspiration, snow/glacier dynamics and permafrost.

·       Address crucial water and food security challenges, focusing on anthropogenic or human-induced impacts of climate change.

Key Provisions

·       Scientific basis: SPS measures must be based on scientific principles and sufficient evidence, except for provisional measures.

·       Harmonization: Members are encouraged to align SPS measures with international standards set by bodies like Codex Alimentarius, OIE, and IPPC.

·       Equivalence: SPS measures of other countries should be accepted as equivalent if they achieve the same level of protection.

·       Risk assessment: Countries must conduct risk assessments to determine the appropriate level of protection, considering the impacts of pests or diseases.

·       Regionalization: Members should recognize pest- or disease-free areas and areas of low prevalence, even if within a single country or group of countries.

·       Transparency: Countries must notify changes in SPS measures and provide regulatory information through the WTO’s SPS notification system.

·       Dispute Resolution: These disputes can be taken to the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) if consultations fail.

·       The Dispute Settlement Body of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) makes decisions on trade disputes between governments that are adjudicated by the Organisation.

·       It is a centuries-old social practice widely prevalent in parts of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Gujarat.

·       It is usually practiced by the Bhil tribe, the one of the largest tribes in South Asia.

·       It is a practice in which two persons can enter into a relationship similar to marriage without any legal and religious/social obligation by getting a divorce from existing marriage or otherwise.

·       The practice involves monetary dealing in which a bride price is usually paid to the woman or her parents or previous husband by the new groom.

·       Violation of rights – The commission (NHRC) has highlighted Nata Pratha, violates basic human rights and dignity of women and children.