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The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative.
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Consider the following statements about Armed Forces Tribunal (AFT)
Choose the correct statements:
Solution (d)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
| · Armed Forces Tribunal was established in August 2009 by the Armed Forces Tribunal Act 2007.
· It is a military tribunal with the power of adjudication or trial of disputes and complaints related to commission, appointments, enrolments and conditions of service. · Besides the Principal Bench in New Delhi, AFT has 10 Regional Benches.
Composition
· The Tribunal is composed of Judicial Members as well as Administrative Members. · The Judicial Members are retired High Court Judges. · Administrative Members are retired Members of · the Armed Forces who have held rank of Major General/ equivalent or above for a period of three years or more |
Power/Jurisdiction
· The Tribunal is empowered to adjudicate appeals against any order, decision, finding or sentence passed by a court-martial or any related matter. · It is also empowered to grant bail to an accused who is in military custody. · The Tribunal may have the powers to substitute for the findings of the court martial. It may: · remit the whole or any part of the sentence, with or without conditions; · mitigate the punishment awarded · commute such punishment to any lesser punishment or enhance the sentence awarded by a court martial. |
Jurisdiction of other courts
· In March 2022, Delhi High Court held that the Armed Forces Tribunal Act, 2007 excludes the administrative supervision of the High Court under Article 227(4) of the Constitution. · However, it does not exclude the judicial superintendence and jurisdiction under Article 226. · In January 2020, the Supreme Court made it clear that the verdicts of the Armed Forces Tribunals (AFT) can be challenged before the high courts. · In 2015, a Supreme Court bench had held that AFT verdicts could not be challenged before the high courts. · It had also said that an appeal against the AFT orders would lie before the apex court but only if a point of law of general public importance is involved. |
Context – Government plans to empower Armed Forces Tribunal
Solution (d)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
| · Armed Forces Tribunal was established in August 2009 by the Armed Forces Tribunal Act 2007.
· It is a military tribunal with the power of adjudication or trial of disputes and complaints related to commission, appointments, enrolments and conditions of service. · Besides the Principal Bench in New Delhi, AFT has 10 Regional Benches.
Composition
· The Tribunal is composed of Judicial Members as well as Administrative Members. · The Judicial Members are retired High Court Judges. · Administrative Members are retired Members of · the Armed Forces who have held rank of Major General/ equivalent or above for a period of three years or more |
Power/Jurisdiction
· The Tribunal is empowered to adjudicate appeals against any order, decision, finding or sentence passed by a court-martial or any related matter. · It is also empowered to grant bail to an accused who is in military custody. · The Tribunal may have the powers to substitute for the findings of the court martial. It may: · remit the whole or any part of the sentence, with or without conditions; · mitigate the punishment awarded · commute such punishment to any lesser punishment or enhance the sentence awarded by a court martial. |
Jurisdiction of other courts
· In March 2022, Delhi High Court held that the Armed Forces Tribunal Act, 2007 excludes the administrative supervision of the High Court under Article 227(4) of the Constitution. · However, it does not exclude the judicial superintendence and jurisdiction under Article 226. · In January 2020, the Supreme Court made it clear that the verdicts of the Armed Forces Tribunals (AFT) can be challenged before the high courts. · In 2015, a Supreme Court bench had held that AFT verdicts could not be challenged before the high courts. · It had also said that an appeal against the AFT orders would lie before the apex court but only if a point of law of general public importance is involved. |
Context – Government plans to empower Armed Forces Tribunal
Which of the following given pairs is/are correctly matched?
| GI Product | State |
| Aranmula mirror | Karnataka |
| Mithila Makhana | Bihar |
| Joha Rice | Assam |
| Bidriware | Andhra Pradesh |
Choose the correct code:
Solution (a)
| Match 1 | Match 2 | Match 3 | Match 4 |
| Incorrect | Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
| · Aranmula kannadi, meaning the Aranmula mirror, is a handmade metal-alloy mirror, made in Aranmula.
· These unique metal mirrors are the result of Kerala’s rich cultural and metallurgical traditions. · They have great historical and cultural value and are thought to bring good luck. · The mirrors received a geographical indication (GI) tag in 2004-05. |
· The government has awarded Geographical Indication (GI) tag to Mithila Makhana of Bihar a move which is expected to help growers get the maximum price for their premium produce.
· “Mithila Makhana registered with GI Tag, farmers will get profit and it will be easier to earn. |
· Joha is a variety of rice grown in India, notable for its aroma, delicate and excellent taste.
· Assam is the largest cultivator of this rice, it is primarily grown through paddy field farming. · In Garo Hills it’s widely cultivated and it is known as Jaha rice or locally known as mi Jaha. · Joha rice is grown in Sali/ Kharif season. · Major Joha varieties included in this are Kola Joha, Keteki Joha, Bokul Joha, Kunkuni Joha. · It received GI tag in 2017. |
· Bidriware derives its name from Bidar, Karnataka.
· The 500 year old art is Persian in origin, but bidriware is purely Indian innovation. · This art of engraving and inlaying is handed down by generations and is execlusive to Bidar. |
Context – Government awarded GI tag to Mithila Makhana
Solution (a)
| Match 1 | Match 2 | Match 3 | Match 4 |
| Incorrect | Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
| · Aranmula kannadi, meaning the Aranmula mirror, is a handmade metal-alloy mirror, made in Aranmula.
· These unique metal mirrors are the result of Kerala’s rich cultural and metallurgical traditions. · They have great historical and cultural value and are thought to bring good luck. · The mirrors received a geographical indication (GI) tag in 2004-05. |
· The government has awarded Geographical Indication (GI) tag to Mithila Makhana of Bihar a move which is expected to help growers get the maximum price for their premium produce.
· “Mithila Makhana registered with GI Tag, farmers will get profit and it will be easier to earn. |
· Joha is a variety of rice grown in India, notable for its aroma, delicate and excellent taste.
· Assam is the largest cultivator of this rice, it is primarily grown through paddy field farming. · In Garo Hills it’s widely cultivated and it is known as Jaha rice or locally known as mi Jaha. · Joha rice is grown in Sali/ Kharif season. · Major Joha varieties included in this are Kola Joha, Keteki Joha, Bokul Joha, Kunkuni Joha. · It received GI tag in 2017. |
· Bidriware derives its name from Bidar, Karnataka.
· The 500 year old art is Persian in origin, but bidriware is purely Indian innovation. · This art of engraving and inlaying is handed down by generations and is execlusive to Bidar. |
Context – Government awarded GI tag to Mithila Makhana
Consider the following statements about per-and Polyfluorinated Substances (PFAS)
Choose the incorrect statements:
Solution (b)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Correct | Incorrect |
| Per-and Polyfluorinated Substances (PFAS)
· They are hazardous man-made chemicals that spread globally in the atmosphere. · They are used to make fluoropolymer coatings that can resist heat, oil, stains, grease and water. · Products that use PFAs include clothing, furniture, adhesives, food packaging, non-stick cooking surfaces and electrical wire insulation. |
Many PFAS, including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are a concern because they:
· do not break down in the environment, · can move through soils and contaminate drinking water sources, · Build-up (bio accumulate) in fish and wildlife. A recent study published in Environment Science and Technology has found that rainwater from many places across the globe is contaminated with “per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances,” (PFAs), which are called “forever chemicals” because of their tendency to stick around in the atmosphere, rainwater and soil for long periods of time. |
Context – New research suggests that rainwater around the world is contaminated by PFAS
Solution (b)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Correct | Incorrect |
| Per-and Polyfluorinated Substances (PFAS)
· They are hazardous man-made chemicals that spread globally in the atmosphere. · They are used to make fluoropolymer coatings that can resist heat, oil, stains, grease and water. · Products that use PFAs include clothing, furniture, adhesives, food packaging, non-stick cooking surfaces and electrical wire insulation. |
Many PFAS, including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are a concern because they:
· do not break down in the environment, · can move through soils and contaminate drinking water sources, · Build-up (bio accumulate) in fish and wildlife. A recent study published in Environment Science and Technology has found that rainwater from many places across the globe is contaminated with “per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances,” (PFAs), which are called “forever chemicals” because of their tendency to stick around in the atmosphere, rainwater and soil for long periods of time. |
Context – New research suggests that rainwater around the world is contaminated by PFAS
Consider the following statements regarding Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Treaty
Select the correct statement(s)
Solution(a)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Correct | Incorrect |
| The “BBNJ Treaty”, also known as the “Treaty of the High Seas”, is an international agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction, currently under negotiation at the United Nations.
This new instrument is being developed within the framework of the UNCLOS, the main international agreement governing human activities at sea. |
Areas beyond national jurisdiction(BBNJ) comprise 95% of the ocean and provide invaluable ecological, economic, social, cultural, scientific and food-security benefits to humanity.
These areas are hardly regulated and also least understood or explored for its biodiversity – only 1% of these areas are under protection. |
Context: U.N Secretary General says “Countries Should Finalize Ambitious High Seas Treaty at Next Round of U.N. Talks”
Solution(a)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Correct | Incorrect |
| The “BBNJ Treaty”, also known as the “Treaty of the High Seas”, is an international agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction, currently under negotiation at the United Nations.
This new instrument is being developed within the framework of the UNCLOS, the main international agreement governing human activities at sea. |
Areas beyond national jurisdiction(BBNJ) comprise 95% of the ocean and provide invaluable ecological, economic, social, cultural, scientific and food-security benefits to humanity.
These areas are hardly regulated and also least understood or explored for its biodiversity – only 1% of these areas are under protection. |
Context: U.N Secretary General says “Countries Should Finalize Ambitious High Seas Treaty at Next Round of U.N. Talks”
‘OsDREB1C’ seen in news recently is related to
Solution(c)
OsDREB1C is present not just in rice, wheat, and other grasses, but also in broad-leaved plants. The gene, known as OsDREB1C, encodes proteins that control other genes involved in photosynthesis and nitrogen use. Tweaks to the genetically modified (GM) rice improved photosynthesis, sped up flowering and helped the plant to absorb nitrogen more efficiently.
Context – Supercharged biotech rice yielded 40% more grain
Solution(c)
OsDREB1C is present not just in rice, wheat, and other grasses, but also in broad-leaved plants. The gene, known as OsDREB1C, encodes proteins that control other genes involved in photosynthesis and nitrogen use. Tweaks to the genetically modified (GM) rice improved photosynthesis, sped up flowering and helped the plant to absorb nitrogen more efficiently.
Context – Supercharged biotech rice yielded 40% more grain
