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The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2022 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2022.
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Consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Solution(a)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect |
| The practice of murdering female infants, immediately after their birth, was common among the upper class Bengalis and the Rajputs, who considered females to be an economic burden. The Bengal Regulations of 1795 and 1804 declared infanticide illegal and equivalent to murder.
The Brahmo Samaj had the issue of widow remarriage high on its agenda. It was mainly due to the efforts of Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (1820-91), the principal of Sanskrit College, Calcutta, that the Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act, 1856, was passed. It legalized the marriage of the widows and declared issues from such marriages as legitimate. |
Jagannath Shankar Seth and Bhau Daji were among the active promoters of girls’ schools in Maharashtra. Vishnu Shastri Pandit founded the Widow Remarriage Association in the 1850s. | Another prominent worker in this field was Karsondas Mulji, who started the Satya Prakash in Gujarati in 1852 to advocate widow remarriage. Similar efforts were made by Professor D.K. Karve in western India and by Veerasalingam Pantulu in Madras. |
Solution(a)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect |
| The practice of murdering female infants, immediately after their birth, was common among the upper class Bengalis and the Rajputs, who considered females to be an economic burden. The Bengal Regulations of 1795 and 1804 declared infanticide illegal and equivalent to murder.
The Brahmo Samaj had the issue of widow remarriage high on its agenda. It was mainly due to the efforts of Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (1820-91), the principal of Sanskrit College, Calcutta, that the Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act, 1856, was passed. It legalized the marriage of the widows and declared issues from such marriages as legitimate. |
Jagannath Shankar Seth and Bhau Daji were among the active promoters of girls’ schools in Maharashtra. Vishnu Shastri Pandit founded the Widow Remarriage Association in the 1850s. | Another prominent worker in this field was Karsondas Mulji, who started the Satya Prakash in Gujarati in 1852 to advocate widow remarriage. Similar efforts were made by Professor D.K. Karve in western India and by Veerasalingam Pantulu in Madras. |
Q.2)
| S.N | Organisation | Leader |
|
|
Bharat Stree Mahamandal | Sarla Devi Chaudhurani |
|
|
Ladies Social Conference | Mehribai Tata |
|
|
Arya Mahila Samaj | Pandita Ramabai Saraswati |
|
|
National Council of Women in India | Ramabai Ranade |
Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
Solution (a)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
| In 1910, Sarla Devi Chaudhurani convened the first meeting of the Bharat Stree Mahamandal in Allahabad. Considered as the first major Indian women’s organization set up by a woman, its objectives included the promotion of education for the women, abolition of the Purdah system and improvement in the socio-economic and political status of the women all over India. Sarla Devi believed that the man working for women’s upliftment lived ‘under the shade of Manu’. | Ramabai Ranade founded the Ladies Social Conference (The Bharat Mahila Parishad), under the parent organization National Social Conference, in 1904, in Bombay. | Pandita Ramabai Saraswati founded the Arya Mahila Samaj to serve the cause of the women. She pleaded for improvement in the educational syllabus of the Indian women before the English Education Commission, which was referred to Queen Victoria. This resulted in medical education for the women, which started in Lady Dufferin College. Later Ramabai Ranade established a branch of Arya Mahila Samaj in Bombay. | In 1925, the National Council of Women in India, a national branch of the International Council of Women, was formed. Mehribai Tata played a vital role in its formation and advancement. She opined that the Purdah system, caste differences and lack of education prevented the women from working to solve the societal problems. |
Notes:
The All India Women’s Conference (AIWC), founded by Margaret Cousins in 1927, was perhaps the first women’s organization with an egalitarian approach. Its first conference was held at Ferguson College, Pune. Important founding members included Maharani Chimnabai Gaekwad, Rani Sahiba of Sangli, Sarojini Naidu, Kamla Devi Chattopadhyaya and Lady Dorab Tata.
Solution (a)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
| In 1910, Sarla Devi Chaudhurani convened the first meeting of the Bharat Stree Mahamandal in Allahabad. Considered as the first major Indian women’s organization set up by a woman, its objectives included the promotion of education for the women, abolition of the Purdah system and improvement in the socio-economic and political status of the women all over India. Sarla Devi believed that the man working for women’s upliftment lived ‘under the shade of Manu’. | Ramabai Ranade founded the Ladies Social Conference (The Bharat Mahila Parishad), under the parent organization National Social Conference, in 1904, in Bombay. | Pandita Ramabai Saraswati founded the Arya Mahila Samaj to serve the cause of the women. She pleaded for improvement in the educational syllabus of the Indian women before the English Education Commission, which was referred to Queen Victoria. This resulted in medical education for the women, which started in Lady Dufferin College. Later Ramabai Ranade established a branch of Arya Mahila Samaj in Bombay. | In 1925, the National Council of Women in India, a national branch of the International Council of Women, was formed. Mehribai Tata played a vital role in its formation and advancement. She opined that the Purdah system, caste differences and lack of education prevented the women from working to solve the societal problems. |
Notes:
The All India Women’s Conference (AIWC), founded by Margaret Cousins in 1927, was perhaps the first women’s organization with an egalitarian approach. Its first conference was held at Ferguson College, Pune. Important founding members included Maharani Chimnabai Gaekwad, Rani Sahiba of Sangli, Sarojini Naidu, Kamla Devi Chattopadhyaya and Lady Dorab Tata.
Which of the following statements about Swami Dayanand is/are incorrect?
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Solution (a)
Explanation:
Swami Dayanand Saraswati considered the Vedas as eternal and infallible. He was against idolatry, rituals and priesthood, and attacked child marriages and the caste system based on birth; encouraged inter-caste marriages and widow marriages. He considered the Puranas to be full of falsehood.
Solution (a)
Explanation:
Swami Dayanand Saraswati considered the Vedas as eternal and infallible. He was against idolatry, rituals and priesthood, and attacked child marriages and the caste system based on birth; encouraged inter-caste marriages and widow marriages. He considered the Puranas to be full of falsehood.
Consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Solution (d)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct | Correct |
| In art, Abanindranath Tagore broke the domination of the Victorian naturalism over Indian art and sought inspiration from the rich indigenous traditions of the Mughal, Rajput and Ajanta paintings. | Nandalal Bose, who left a major imprint on Indian art, was the first recipient of the scholarship offered by the Indian Society of Oriental Art, founded in 1907. | In science, Jagdish Chandra Bose, Prafulla Chandra Ray and others pioneered original research that was praised the world over. | The Swadeshi influence could be seen in Bengali folk music popular among the Hindu and the Muslim villagers (Palligeet and Jan Gàn) and it evoked collections of the Indian fairy tales, such as Thakurmar Jhuli (Grandmother’s tales), written by Daksinaranjan Mitra Majumdar. |
Solution (d)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct | Correct |
| In art, Abanindranath Tagore broke the domination of the Victorian naturalism over Indian art and sought inspiration from the rich indigenous traditions of the Mughal, Rajput and Ajanta paintings. | Nandalal Bose, who left a major imprint on Indian art, was the first recipient of the scholarship offered by the Indian Society of Oriental Art, founded in 1907. | In science, Jagdish Chandra Bose, Prafulla Chandra Ray and others pioneered original research that was praised the world over. | The Swadeshi influence could be seen in Bengali folk music popular among the Hindu and the Muslim villagers (Palligeet and Jan Gàn) and it evoked collections of the Indian fairy tales, such as Thakurmar Jhuli (Grandmother’s tales), written by Daksinaranjan Mitra Majumdar. |
Consider the following statements about “Prarthana Samaj”.
Select the correct statements by using the codes given below:
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
| There was a four- point social agenda of Prarthana Samaj: (i) disapproval of caste system, (ii) women’s education, (iii) widow remarriage, and (iv) raising the age of marriage for both males and females. | The members were all Hindus and remained so throughout. They wanted to reform the religion from within. They were only against the social evils prevalent then like child marriage, widow suppression, dowry, sati, untouchability, etc. and not against the religion per se. | The Prarthana Samaj had its prominent leaders – Mahadeo Govind Ranade and R.G. Bhandarkar. Debendranath Tagore was involved with Brahma Samaj. |
Notes:
Prarthana Samaj –
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
| There was a four- point social agenda of Prarthana Samaj: (i) disapproval of caste system, (ii) women’s education, (iii) widow remarriage, and (iv) raising the age of marriage for both males and females. | The members were all Hindus and remained so throughout. They wanted to reform the religion from within. They were only against the social evils prevalent then like child marriage, widow suppression, dowry, sati, untouchability, etc. and not against the religion per se. | The Prarthana Samaj had its prominent leaders – Mahadeo Govind Ranade and R.G. Bhandarkar. Debendranath Tagore was involved with Brahma Samaj. |
Notes:
Prarthana Samaj –
Consider the following statements with respect to the socio-religious reforms movements:
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
| The Prarthana Samaj, established in 1867 at Bombay, the Prarthana Samaj sought to remove caste restrictions, abolish child marriage, encourage women’s education, and end the ban on widow remarriage. Its religious meetings drew upon Hindu, Buddhist and Christian texts. | The Brahmo Samaj, formed in 1830, prohibited all forms of idolatry and sacrifice, believed in the Upanishads, and forbade its members from criticising other religious practices. It critically drew upon the ideals of religions, especially Hinduism and Christianity — looking at their negative and positive dimensions. | The Singh Sabha Movement Reform organisations of the Sikhs, the first Singh Sabhas were formed at Amritsar in 1873 and at Lahore in 1879. The Sabhas sought to rid Sikhism of superstitions, caste distinctions and practices seen by them as non-Sikh. They promoted education among the Sikhs, often combining modern instruction with Sikh teachings. |
Notes:
Socio-religious movements were for introducing social reforms based on humanism by stopping India’s moral and material decadence. Even Ram Mohan Roy pleaded for radical westernization to rejuvenate the decaying Indian culture and society.
These movements did not have an all-India character. They were localised in Bengal, Maharashtra, Punjab, etc. Their impact was generally limited to the educated, upper-middle and middle classes. Assimilation of rationalism values, universal brotherhood, and freedom of man and equality of sexes was not so easy with the Indian tradition and culture.
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
| The Prarthana Samaj, established in 1867 at Bombay, the Prarthana Samaj sought to remove caste restrictions, abolish child marriage, encourage women’s education, and end the ban on widow remarriage. Its religious meetings drew upon Hindu, Buddhist and Christian texts. | The Brahmo Samaj, formed in 1830, prohibited all forms of idolatry and sacrifice, believed in the Upanishads, and forbade its members from criticising other religious practices. It critically drew upon the ideals of religions, especially Hinduism and Christianity — looking at their negative and positive dimensions. | The Singh Sabha Movement Reform organisations of the Sikhs, the first Singh Sabhas were formed at Amritsar in 1873 and at Lahore in 1879. The Sabhas sought to rid Sikhism of superstitions, caste distinctions and practices seen by them as non-Sikh. They promoted education among the Sikhs, often combining modern instruction with Sikh teachings. |
Notes:
Socio-religious movements were for introducing social reforms based on humanism by stopping India’s moral and material decadence. Even Ram Mohan Roy pleaded for radical westernization to rejuvenate the decaying Indian culture and society.
These movements did not have an all-India character. They were localised in Bengal, Maharashtra, Punjab, etc. Their impact was generally limited to the educated, upper-middle and middle classes. Assimilation of rationalism values, universal brotherhood, and freedom of man and equality of sexes was not so easy with the Indian tradition and culture.
Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
| S.N | Women Reformer | Their Work |
|
|
Tarabai Shinde | Founded widows’ home |
|
|
Pandita Ramabai | Book Stripurushtulna |
|
|
Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain | Schools for Muslim girls |
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Incorrect | Correct |
| Tarabai Shinde, a woman educated at home at Poona, published a book, Stripurushtulna, (a comparison between women and men), criticizing the social differences between men and women. | Pandita Ramabai, a great scholar of Sanskrit, felt that Hinduism was oppressive towards women, and wrote a book about the miserable lives of upper-caste Hindu women. She founded a widows’ home at Poona to provide shelter to widows who had been treated badly by their husbands’ relatives. Here women were trained so that they could support themselves economically. From the early twentieth century, Muslim women like the Begums of Bhopal played a notable role in promoting education among women. They founded a primary school for girls at Aligarh. | Another remarkable woman, Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain started schools for Muslim girls in Patna and Calcutta. |
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Incorrect | Correct |
| Tarabai Shinde, a woman educated at home at Poona, published a book, Stripurushtulna, (a comparison between women and men), criticizing the social differences between men and women. | Pandita Ramabai, a great scholar of Sanskrit, felt that Hinduism was oppressive towards women, and wrote a book about the miserable lives of upper-caste Hindu women. She founded a widows’ home at Poona to provide shelter to widows who had been treated badly by their husbands’ relatives. Here women were trained so that they could support themselves economically. From the early twentieth century, Muslim women like the Begums of Bhopal played a notable role in promoting education among women. They founded a primary school for girls at Aligarh. | Another remarkable woman, Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain started schools for Muslim girls in Patna and Calcutta. |
Which of the following were the religious reasons that led to Revolt of 1857?
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
| In 1850, a new law was passed to make the conversion to Christianity easier. This law allowed an Indian who had converted to Christianity to inherit the property of his ancestors. | There was not a policy to promote the converted Indians in army and government services. | English-language education was actively promoted. After 1830, the Company allowed Christian missionaries to function freely in its domain and even own land and property. |
Notes:
The Revolt of 1857 was primarily an anti-imperialist and the sepoys and the civilians wanted to throw out the imperial rulers. Broadly viewed this rebellion on an extensive scale with an object of ending the country’s alien rule appeared as a “war of independence” for some people.
To study about the factors responsible for the revolt, one can visualize that the help of political frustration, social inequality, religious beliefs and the imbalanced economy were exploded by the match stick of greased cartridges and the discontentment of the sepoys.
Other religious reasons were-
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
| In 1850, a new law was passed to make the conversion to Christianity easier. This law allowed an Indian who had converted to Christianity to inherit the property of his ancestors. | There was not a policy to promote the converted Indians in army and government services. | English-language education was actively promoted. After 1830, the Company allowed Christian missionaries to function freely in its domain and even own land and property. |
Notes:
The Revolt of 1857 was primarily an anti-imperialist and the sepoys and the civilians wanted to throw out the imperial rulers. Broadly viewed this rebellion on an extensive scale with an object of ending the country’s alien rule appeared as a “war of independence” for some people.
To study about the factors responsible for the revolt, one can visualize that the help of political frustration, social inequality, religious beliefs and the imbalanced economy were exploded by the match stick of greased cartridges and the discontentment of the sepoys.
Other religious reasons were-
Consider the following rebellions during colonial times and arrange them in chronological manner:
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
| Sanyasi Rebellion | Kol Rebellion | Santhal Rebellion | Munda Rebellion |
| (1763-1800) | (1820-1837) | (1855-56) | (1899-1919) |
| Sanyasi rebellion, made famous by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in his novel Anand Math, lasted from 1763 to 1800. | The Kols of Chota Nagpur rebelled from 1820 to 1837. | The Santhal Revolt took place in 1855-56, Santhals are a tribal group concentrated in the state of Jharkhand. This was the first peasant revolt that occurred in India. The revolt can be attributed to the introduction of the Permanent Land Settlement of 1793. It was decided to raise the banner of revolt, get rid of the outsiders and their colonial masters once and for all. The rebellion continued till 1866. | The rebellion of the Munda tribesmen, led by Birsa Munda, occurred during 1899-1919. |
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
| Sanyasi Rebellion | Kol Rebellion | Santhal Rebellion | Munda Rebellion |
| (1763-1800) | (1820-1837) | (1855-56) | (1899-1919) |
| Sanyasi rebellion, made famous by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in his novel Anand Math, lasted from 1763 to 1800. | The Kols of Chota Nagpur rebelled from 1820 to 1837. | The Santhal Revolt took place in 1855-56, Santhals are a tribal group concentrated in the state of Jharkhand. This was the first peasant revolt that occurred in India. The revolt can be attributed to the introduction of the Permanent Land Settlement of 1793. It was decided to raise the banner of revolt, get rid of the outsiders and their colonial masters once and for all. The rebellion continued till 1866. | The rebellion of the Munda tribesmen, led by Birsa Munda, occurred during 1899-1919. |
With reference to the Self-Respect Movement in pre-independent India, consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Incorrect | Correct |
| E.V. Ramaswamy laid the foundation of a dynamic social movement that has come to be styled as the Self-Respect Movement. It was not a mere social reformist movement. It aimed at destroying the existing Hindu social order in its totality and creating a new, rational society without caste, religion and God. So it was considered a socially revolutionary movement which had been destroying and creating, i.e., creative destruction or creation through destruction. | It was a non-Brahmin movement in south India and it was in favor of popularizing tamil language and culture instead of sanskrit which was prevalent in the society. The objective mentioned in the question is wrong as it had nothing to do with legislature and jobs. | A large Tamil population was residing in Malaysia and Singapore at that time and the movement had a wide base in dravidian belt and hence it was influential in these countries also. |
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Incorrect | Correct |
| E.V. Ramaswamy laid the foundation of a dynamic social movement that has come to be styled as the Self-Respect Movement. It was not a mere social reformist movement. It aimed at destroying the existing Hindu social order in its totality and creating a new, rational society without caste, religion and God. So it was considered a socially revolutionary movement which had been destroying and creating, i.e., creative destruction or creation through destruction. | It was a non-Brahmin movement in south India and it was in favor of popularizing tamil language and culture instead of sanskrit which was prevalent in the society. The objective mentioned in the question is wrong as it had nothing to do with legislature and jobs. | A large Tamil population was residing in Malaysia and Singapore at that time and the movement had a wide base in dravidian belt and hence it was influential in these countries also. |
Consider the following statements:
Which of the following personalities is being described by the statements given above?
Solution (a)
Explanation:
Solution (a)
Explanation:
In the context of the development of educational institutions in Bengal during the British time, arrange them in chronological order as to when they were established.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
| Calcutta Madrasah | Asiatic Society of Bengal | Fort William College | University of Calcutta |
| 1781 | 1784 | 1800 | 1857 |
| In 1781, Warren Hastings set up the Calcutta Madrasah for the study and teaching of Muslim lawand related subjects. In 1791, Jonathan Duncan started Sanskrit College at Varanasi where he was the resident for the study of Hindu Law and Philosophy. Both these institutions were designed to provide a regular supply of qualified Indians to help the administration of law in the courts of the company. | In 1784, Asiatic Society of Bengal was set up by Sir William Jones. It was set up to encourage oriental studies as Sir Jones was a British Lawyer and an orientalist himself. | In 1800, Lord Wellesley established College of Fort William at Calcutta for the education of young recruits to the civil service. The Directors of the Company disapproved his action and in 1806 replaced it by their own East Indian College at Haileybury in England. | In 1857, University of Calcutta was established based on the recommendations of the Secretary of State’s Educational Dispatch of 1854. |
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
| Calcutta Madrasah | Asiatic Society of Bengal | Fort William College | University of Calcutta |
| 1781 | 1784 | 1800 | 1857 |
| In 1781, Warren Hastings set up the Calcutta Madrasah for the study and teaching of Muslim lawand related subjects. In 1791, Jonathan Duncan started Sanskrit College at Varanasi where he was the resident for the study of Hindu Law and Philosophy. Both these institutions were designed to provide a regular supply of qualified Indians to help the administration of law in the courts of the company. | In 1784, Asiatic Society of Bengal was set up by Sir William Jones. It was set up to encourage oriental studies as Sir Jones was a British Lawyer and an orientalist himself. | In 1800, Lord Wellesley established College of Fort William at Calcutta for the education of young recruits to the civil service. The Directors of the Company disapproved his action and in 1806 replaced it by their own East Indian College at Haileybury in England. | In 1857, University of Calcutta was established based on the recommendations of the Secretary of State’s Educational Dispatch of 1854. |
Consider the following:
Which of the following is/are correct?
Solution (d)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| The Aravipuram Movement in 1888 was started by Shri Narayan Guru and was for temple entry for the lower castes. | Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha was founded by Dr. B. R Ambedkar in 1929 in Bombay to promote Social Equality and for Constitutional safeguards for the depressed classes. | Harijan Sevak Sangh in 1932 was founded by Mahatma Gandhi at Pune for the removal of untouchability. |
Solution (d)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| The Aravipuram Movement in 1888 was started by Shri Narayan Guru and was for temple entry for the lower castes. | Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha was founded by Dr. B. R Ambedkar in 1929 in Bombay to promote Social Equality and for Constitutional safeguards for the depressed classes. | Harijan Sevak Sangh in 1932 was founded by Mahatma Gandhi at Pune for the removal of untouchability. |
Which of the following features are associated with Arya Samaj?
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Solution (d)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| In the zeal of Protecting the hindu Society from the Onslaught of Christianity and Islam, Araya samaj started Shudhhi movement. | Dayanand launched a frontal attack on Hindu Orthodoxy, caste rigidities, untouchabilty, idolatry, polytheism, belief in magic, charms and animal sacrifices, taboo on sea voyages etc. | Dayanand’s Vision of India included a casteless and classless society. |
Solution (d)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| In the zeal of Protecting the hindu Society from the Onslaught of Christianity and Islam, Araya samaj started Shudhhi movement. | Dayanand launched a frontal attack on Hindu Orthodoxy, caste rigidities, untouchabilty, idolatry, polytheism, belief in magic, charms and animal sacrifices, taboo on sea voyages etc. | Dayanand’s Vision of India included a casteless and classless society. |
Read the passage given below.
A social reformer, He opposed the belief in the principles of niyati (destiny). He stated that every individual must work on his own for his salvation. He denounced idolatry and ritualistic worship and promoted the revivalism of the Vedas. He is famous as the first person to give the call of “India for Indians”.
Identify the personality from the above passage.
Solution (c)
Explanation:
Note:
India for Indians is also the title of a book authored by C.R Das.
Solution (c)
Explanation:
Note:
India for Indians is also the title of a book authored by C.R Das.
The journal Stri-Dharma which tried to espouse Indian women’s rights movement in early 20th century was published by:
Solution (b)
Explanation:
The journal Stri-Dharma was published by the Women’s Indian Association from 1918 to 1936. It endeavored to be the voice of the Indian women’s rights movement of the period.
It addressed political and social issues facing women in India as well as the achievements of women worldwide.
It was a monthly journal in English but also included articles in Hindi and Telugu, Tamil.
Muthulakshmi Reddy worked as the editor of this Journal from 1931 to 1940. It contained the news which was of interest to women, reports from various other branches and articles on Women‘s Education.
Women’s Indian Association (WIA):
Women’s Indian Association (WIA) was founded at Adayar, Madras, in 1917 by Annie Besant, Margaret Cousins, Jeena Raja Dasa, and others to liberate women from the deplorable condition women suffered in socio-economic and political matters during the 19th and the early 20th century.
It sought-
Solution (b)
Explanation:
The journal Stri-Dharma was published by the Women’s Indian Association from 1918 to 1936. It endeavored to be the voice of the Indian women’s rights movement of the period.
It addressed political and social issues facing women in India as well as the achievements of women worldwide.
It was a monthly journal in English but also included articles in Hindi and Telugu, Tamil.
Muthulakshmi Reddy worked as the editor of this Journal from 1931 to 1940. It contained the news which was of interest to women, reports from various other branches and articles on Women‘s Education.
Women’s Indian Association (WIA):
Women’s Indian Association (WIA) was founded at Adayar, Madras, in 1917 by Annie Besant, Margaret Cousins, Jeena Raja Dasa, and others to liberate women from the deplorable condition women suffered in socio-economic and political matters during the 19th and the early 20th century.
It sought-
Consider the following statements regarding Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Solution (b)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect |
| The association had for its object ―the regeneration of the social condition of the Parsis and the restoration of the Zoroastrian religion to its pristine purity. | Education as the driving force of social reform was its prime objective. The Sabha campaigned ardently for the education of Parsi priests and for the spread of Western education among the Parsis, including girls. Through its efforts, the age of marriage was increased and Parsi women achieved emancipation. The message of the reform was spread by the newspaper Rast Goftar (Truth teller). | The Western-educated progressive Parsis like Dadabhai Naoroji, J.B. Wacha, S.S. Bangali and Naoroji Furdonji founded the Rahanumai Mazdayasanan Sabha (Religious Reform Association) in 1851. |
Note:
Hitavada began to be published in the year 1911 to project the views of the Servants of India
Society, founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905 with the help of MG Ranade.
Solution (b)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect |
| The association had for its object ―the regeneration of the social condition of the Parsis and the restoration of the Zoroastrian religion to its pristine purity. | Education as the driving force of social reform was its prime objective. The Sabha campaigned ardently for the education of Parsi priests and for the spread of Western education among the Parsis, including girls. Through its efforts, the age of marriage was increased and Parsi women achieved emancipation. The message of the reform was spread by the newspaper Rast Goftar (Truth teller). | The Western-educated progressive Parsis like Dadabhai Naoroji, J.B. Wacha, S.S. Bangali and Naoroji Furdonji founded the Rahanumai Mazdayasanan Sabha (Religious Reform Association) in 1851. |
Note:
Hitavada began to be published in the year 1911 to project the views of the Servants of India
Society, founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905 with the help of MG Ranade.
Consider the following statements about the contribution of women in India’s freedom struggle:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Incorrect | Correct |
| Theosophical society was founded by Madam H.P. Blavatsky and Colonel H.S. Olcott in the USA and later the headquarters were founded in Adyar near Madras in 1886. Under the Leadership of Annie Besant movement grew in India who had come to India in 1893. | Usha Mehta started an underground radio station during the Quit India movement. When all the mainstream leaders were arrested it played a major role in establishing communication between congress party workers. | Bina das was an active member of the Chittagong Armoury raid which was a revolutionary group. it was started by Surya Sen she shot at the Bengal Governor during convocation. |
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Incorrect | Correct |
| Theosophical society was founded by Madam H.P. Blavatsky and Colonel H.S. Olcott in the USA and later the headquarters were founded in Adyar near Madras in 1886. Under the Leadership of Annie Besant movement grew in India who had come to India in 1893. | Usha Mehta started an underground radio station during the Quit India movement. When all the mainstream leaders were arrested it played a major role in establishing communication between congress party workers. | Bina das was an active member of the Chittagong Armoury raid which was a revolutionary group. it was started by Surya Sen she shot at the Bengal Governor during convocation. |
In the context of the development of unions during the British Rule in India, arrange the following trade unions in the chronological order of their foundation.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Solution (b)
Statement Analysis:
| Bombay Mill Hands Association | Kamgar Hitwardhak Sabha | Madras Labour Union |
| 1890 | 1910 | 1918 |
| The earliest known trade unions in India were the Bombay Millhand’s Association formed in 1890, by Narayan Meghaji Lokhande. The native place of Narayan Meghaji Lokhande was Kanhesar near Saswad in Pune district. This workers union is believed to be the beginning of organised movement in India. He was also the chairman of Mumbai branch of Satyashodhak Samaj founded by Mahatma Phule. | Kamgar Hitwardhak Sabha or the ‘Workers Welfare Society ‘was formed in the year 1910 by N. A. Talcherkar, S K Bole, B R Nare, S W Patil and others. It constituted the mill workers as well as other employees and representatives from general public and occupations like law and medicine. It supported the reduction of working hours to 12 per day and urged the claims of workers for industrial compensation and education. | The Madras Labour Union was formed in April 1918. B.P Wadia was its first President. It has been claimed that this was the first trade union in India. This claim is perhaps in the context that it is still in existence, its name unchanged, and was formed as an organisation in rather formal circumstances. |
Note:
From the beginning itself, Trade Unions were not confined to workers alone. From 19th Century itself there were Employer’s associations in the form of Chamber of Commerce, Industrial Associations etc. to protect and promote the interests of their members in a concerted manner.
Solution (b)
Statement Analysis:
| Bombay Mill Hands Association | Kamgar Hitwardhak Sabha | Madras Labour Union |
| 1890 | 1910 | 1918 |
| The earliest known trade unions in India were the Bombay Millhand’s Association formed in 1890, by Narayan Meghaji Lokhande. The native place of Narayan Meghaji Lokhande was Kanhesar near Saswad in Pune district. This workers union is believed to be the beginning of organised movement in India. He was also the chairman of Mumbai branch of Satyashodhak Samaj founded by Mahatma Phule. | Kamgar Hitwardhak Sabha or the ‘Workers Welfare Society ‘was formed in the year 1910 by N. A. Talcherkar, S K Bole, B R Nare, S W Patil and others. It constituted the mill workers as well as other employees and representatives from general public and occupations like law and medicine. It supported the reduction of working hours to 12 per day and urged the claims of workers for industrial compensation and education. | The Madras Labour Union was formed in April 1918. B.P Wadia was its first President. It has been claimed that this was the first trade union in India. This claim is perhaps in the context that it is still in existence, its name unchanged, and was formed as an organisation in rather formal circumstances. |
Note:
From the beginning itself, Trade Unions were not confined to workers alone. From 19th Century itself there were Employer’s associations in the form of Chamber of Commerce, Industrial Associations etc. to protect and promote the interests of their members in a concerted manner.
Which of the following statements is/are correct with respect to Rampa Rebellion?
Select the correct answer using code given below:
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Correct | Correct |
| The state monopoly and commercial exploitation of forests brought outside intruders into the tribal territories, many of whom used a considerable amount of coercive power to exploit the tribal peasants. This situation in turn brought stiffer resistance, as it happened in the Gudem and Rampa hill tracts of Andhra Pradesh, inhabited by the Koya and Konda Dora tribes. | The elemental lower-class upsurge unwittingly called forth in many areas by the Non-Cooperation movement did not subside immediately with the Bardoli retreat. But the most striking evidence of continued popular militancy came from the ever-restive semi- tribal ‘Rampa’ region north of the Godavari, scene of a veritable guerilla war between August 1922 and May 1924 led by Alluri Sitarama Raju. |
Notes:
Solution (c)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Correct | Correct |
| The state monopoly and commercial exploitation of forests brought outside intruders into the tribal territories, many of whom used a considerable amount of coercive power to exploit the tribal peasants. This situation in turn brought stiffer resistance, as it happened in the Gudem and Rampa hill tracts of Andhra Pradesh, inhabited by the Koya and Konda Dora tribes. | The elemental lower-class upsurge unwittingly called forth in many areas by the Non-Cooperation movement did not subside immediately with the Bardoli retreat. But the most striking evidence of continued popular militancy came from the ever-restive semi- tribal ‘Rampa’ region north of the Godavari, scene of a veritable guerilla war between August 1922 and May 1924 led by Alluri Sitarama Raju. |
Notes:
Consider the following statements regarding ‘Neo Banks’
Select the correct statements
Solution (a)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect |
| A neobank is a type of direct bank that operates exclusively online without traditional physical branch networks. | There is no such category of banks under the RBI rules | They provide banking services use such as savings accounts, instant loans, credit cards, mutual funds, and fixed deposits. They do this via tie-ups with Reserve Bank of India (RBI)-licensed banks. |
Context- Recent surge of neo-banks in Indian market
Solution (a)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect |
| A neobank is a type of direct bank that operates exclusively online without traditional physical branch networks. | There is no such category of banks under the RBI rules | They provide banking services use such as savings accounts, instant loans, credit cards, mutual funds, and fixed deposits. They do this via tie-ups with Reserve Bank of India (RBI)-licensed banks. |
Context- Recent surge of neo-banks in Indian market
Consider the following statements regarding ‘National Mission on Edible Oils – Oil Palm (NMEO-OP)’:
Select the correct statements:
Solution (b)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
| The scheme will have a special focus on Northeast region and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. But, there’s no focus on region surrounding tropical evergreen forests per se. | The Government of India will give a price assurance to the oil palm farmers for the FFBs. This will be known as the Viability Price (VP). This VP shall be the annual average CPO price of the last 5 years adjusted with the wholesale price index to be multiplied by 14.3 %. This will be fixed yearly for the oil palm year from 1st November to 31st October | The scheme comes under the Ministry of Agriculture and Family Welfare |
Context- NMEO – OP was launched recently
Solution (b)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
| The scheme will have a special focus on Northeast region and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. But, there’s no focus on region surrounding tropical evergreen forests per se. | The Government of India will give a price assurance to the oil palm farmers for the FFBs. This will be known as the Viability Price (VP). This VP shall be the annual average CPO price of the last 5 years adjusted with the wholesale price index to be multiplied by 14.3 %. This will be fixed yearly for the oil palm year from 1st November to 31st October | The scheme comes under the Ministry of Agriculture and Family Welfare |
Context- NMEO – OP was launched recently
Consider the following statements:
Which of the following statements are correct with respect to Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)?
Solution (d)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Incorrect | Incorrect |
| Flow of warm, salty water in the upper layers of the ocean northwards from the Gulf of Mexico .This is made up of the “Gulf Stream” to the south and the “North Atlantic Current” further north | Cooling of water in the high latitudes of the Atlantic, which makes the water denser. This denser water then sinks and returns southwards towards tropics and then to the South Atlantic as a bottom current. |
Context- It is very likely that AMOC will decline over the 21st century, according to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Solution (d)
Statement Analysis:
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Incorrect | Incorrect |
| Flow of warm, salty water in the upper layers of the ocean northwards from the Gulf of Mexico .This is made up of the “Gulf Stream” to the south and the “North Atlantic Current” further north | Cooling of water in the high latitudes of the Atlantic, which makes the water denser. This denser water then sinks and returns southwards towards tropics and then to the South Atlantic as a bottom current. |
Context- It is very likely that AMOC will decline over the 21st century, according to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Consider the following
Which of the following are the applications of Quantum Computing?
Solution (d)
All the applications given above are possible through quantum computing.
Context- Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) recently launched QSim – Quantum Computer Simulator Toolkit.
Solution (d)
All the applications given above are possible through quantum computing.
Context- Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) recently launched QSim – Quantum Computer Simulator Toolkit.
‘Moplah/Malabar Rebellion’ took place during
Solution (b)
Malabar rebellion, also known as the Moplah riots, was an armed uprising of Muslim tenants against British rulers and local Hindu landlords in 1921. It occurred within the broader spectrum of the Khilafat/Non-cooperation movement (1920-1922) led by Mahatma Gandhi.
Context- Malabar Rebellion leaders Variamkunnath Kunhamed Haji, Ali Musaliar and 387 other “Moplah martyrs” will be removed from the Dictionary of Martyrs of India’s Freedom Struggle.
Solution (b)
Malabar rebellion, also known as the Moplah riots, was an armed uprising of Muslim tenants against British rulers and local Hindu landlords in 1921. It occurred within the broader spectrum of the Khilafat/Non-cooperation movement (1920-1922) led by Mahatma Gandhi.
Context- Malabar Rebellion leaders Variamkunnath Kunhamed Haji, Ali Musaliar and 387 other “Moplah martyrs” will be removed from the Dictionary of Martyrs of India’s Freedom Struggle.
20 buses are running between two places A and B. In how many ways can a person go from A to B and return by a different bus?
Solution(c)
He can go in any of the 20 buses (20 ways).
Since he cannot come back in the same bus, he can return in 19 ways.
Total number of ways = 20 × 19 = 380. Hence, Option (c) is the right answer.
Solution(c)
He can go in any of the 20 buses (20 ways).
Since he cannot come back in the same bus, he can return in 19 ways.
Total number of ways = 20 × 19 = 380. Hence, Option (c) is the right answer.
A coin is tossed 4 times. Find out the number of possible outcomes.
Solution(b)
Each time a coin is tossed, there are two possible outcomes: Head(H) and Tale(T)
Hence, when a coin is tossed 4 times, the number of possible outcomes
=2×2×2×2=16. Hence, Option(b) is the right answer.
Solution(b)
Each time a coin is tossed, there are two possible outcomes: Head(H) and Tale(T)
Hence, when a coin is tossed 4 times, the number of possible outcomes
=2×2×2×2=16. Hence, Option(b) is the right answer.
How many words can be formed by using all letters of the word ‘RANCHI’?
Solution(d)
The word ‘RANCHI has 6 letters and all these 6 letters are different.
Total number of words that can be formed by using all these 6 letters = 6P6
6P6= 6! = 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 720
Solution(d)
The word ‘RANCHI has 6 letters and all these 6 letters are different.
Total number of words that can be formed by using all these 6 letters = 6P6
6P6= 6! = 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 720
In a group of 6 boys and 4 girls, four children are to be selected. In how many different ways can they be selected such that at least one girl should be there?
Solution(b)
In a group of 6 boys and 4 girls, four children are to be selected such that at least one boy should be there.
Hence we have 4 options as given below
We can select 4 girls (option 1)
Number of ways to this = 4C4
We can select 3 girls and 1 boy (option 2)
Number of ways to this = 4C3 × 6C1
We can select 2 girls and 2 boys (option 3)
Number of ways to this = 4C2 × 6C2
We can select 1 girl and 3 boys (option 4)
Number of ways to this = 4C1 × 6C3
Total number of ways
= 4C4 + 4C3 × 6C1 + 4C2 × 6C2 + 4C1 × 6C3
= 1+ ( 4 × 6) + ( (4 × 3)/(2 × 1) × ( (6 × 5)/( 2 × 1)) + ( 4 × ( 6 × 5 × 4)/( 3 × 2 × 1))
= 1 + 24 + ( 6 × 15 ) + ( 4 × 20 )
= 1 + 24 + 90 + 80
= 195
Solution(b)
In a group of 6 boys and 4 girls, four children are to be selected such that at least one boy should be there.
Hence we have 4 options as given below
We can select 4 girls (option 1)
Number of ways to this = 4C4
We can select 3 girls and 1 boy (option 2)
Number of ways to this = 4C3 × 6C1
We can select 2 girls and 2 boys (option 3)
Number of ways to this = 4C2 × 6C2
We can select 1 girl and 3 boys (option 4)
Number of ways to this = 4C1 × 6C3
Total number of ways
= 4C4 + 4C3 × 6C1 + 4C2 × 6C2 + 4C1 × 6C3
= 1+ ( 4 × 6) + ( (4 × 3)/(2 × 1) × ( (6 × 5)/( 2 × 1)) + ( 4 × ( 6 × 5 × 4)/( 3 × 2 × 1))
= 1 + 24 + ( 6 × 15 ) + ( 4 × 20 )
= 1 + 24 + 90 + 80
= 195
Passage
In a low-carbon world, renewable energy technologies are hot business. For investors looking to redirect funds, wind turbines and solar panels, among other technologies, seem a straightforward choice. But renewables need to be further scrutinized before being championed as forging a path toward a low-carbon future. Both the direct and indirect impacts of renewable energy must be examined to ensure that a climate-smart future does not intensify social and environmental harm. As renewable energy production requires land, water, and labor, among other inputs, it imposes costs on people and the environment. Hydropower projects, for instance, have led to community dispossession and exclusion. Renewable energy supply chains are also intertwined with mining, and their technologies contribute to growing levels of electronic waste. Furthermore, although renewable energy can be produced and distributed through small-scale, local systems, such an approach might not generate the high returns on investment needed to attract capital.
Q.30) Which one of the following statements, if true, could be an accurate inference from the passage?
Solution (d)
“For investors looking to redirect funds, wind turbines and solar panels, among other technologies, seem a straightforward choice. But renewables need to be further scrutinized before being championed as forging a path toward a low-carbon future.”
Clearly, the author has reservations about the consequences of renewable energy systems.
Hence, option d is correct.
Solution (d)
“For investors looking to redirect funds, wind turbines and solar panels, among other technologies, seem a straightforward choice. But renewables need to be further scrutinized before being championed as forging a path toward a low-carbon future.”
Clearly, the author has reservations about the consequences of renewable energy systems.
Hence, option d is correct.
All the Best
IASbaba
