·       The covenant commits its parties to respect the civil and political rights of individuals, including the right to life, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, electoral rights and rights to due process and a fair trial.

·       Fuel cell AIP systems are associated with German submarines of Class 212A and Class 214, and will power the Project 75-I submarines too.

·       The second type of AIP, based on the Stirling engine, is the first modern combat-ready system. It is a simple system that uses diesel fuel (typical for the submarine) and liquid oxygen, discharging the plant overboard at small and medium depths.

·       Although AIP, based on the Stirling engine lacks stealth, it has proved relatively good in a small area, shallow depths, complex hydrology and heavy traffic, which require a submarine’s acoustic signature to be minimised.

·       Other fuel cell AIPs include Russia’s alkaline fuel cells and India’s phosphoric-acid fuel cells.

·       The Defence R&D Organisation’s (DRDO’s) AIP system relies on the innovative Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) technology.

·       This PAFC technology is more rugged, tolerant of fuel impurities, offers longer life and efficiency and is much safer, since it generates hydrogen on board, rather than requiring the storage of hazardous hydrogen.

·       It is also called the ‘Peace Pipeline’.

Route:

·       It will start from the Galkynysh gas field in Turkmenistan.

·       It will then pass through Afghanistan and Pakistan to finally reach the Indian town of Fazilka(near the Indo-Pak border).

·       It is a new-generation nuclear capable ballistic missile.

·       The missile incorporates advanced features such as a new propulsion system and composite rocket motor casings.

·       It is also a canister launch missile like country’s first Intercontinental Ballistic Missile(ICBM), Agni-V, which is in the process of induction. By SFC.

·       Canister launch missiles with the warhead already fitted in the missile gives the command operational flexibility to store it for a longer period.

·       This makes it easier for the missile to be swiftly moved using rails, trucks or any other vehicles and can be fired from any platform.

·       The primary purposes of the dam are hydroelectric power generation, irrigation and navigation.

·       The Dnieper River is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia and flows through Belarus and Ukraine before draining into Black Sea.

·       Dnieper River is the longest river of Ukraine and Belarus and the 4th longest river in Europe after the Volga, Danube and Ural rivers.

·       Recently Kakhovka Dam was collapsed in the Ukraine Russia war with each side blaming each other for the cause of the collapse of the dam.

·       The collapse of the dam could increase the global wheat prices since Ukraine being one of the largest exporters of wheat in the world.