IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 22nd September, 2015-हिंदी

  • September 24, 2015
  • 2
IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs Analysis, IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs September 2015, UPSC
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IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs – 22nd Sep, 2015 ?????

BASEL III norms and INDIA

 

basel

basel 2

Terms                      Explanation
 

Bank’s capital:

Bank’s own money (apart from Liability + Asset)

 

Tier 1 capital:

Most Liquid Capital with bank

Can be sold easily to ward off Crisis

Eg: Common Shares + Preferential Shares

 

Tier 2 capital:

Not as liquid as Tier-I

Eg: Debts (bonds) + Hybrid instruments (Having both characteristics of Debt and Equity)

 

Tier 3 capital:

Least Liquidity

 

Capital adequacy requirements (CAR)

Ratio of a Bank’s Capital to its Risk (absorb a reasonable amount of loss)

 

Higher CAR à More stability

Therefore,

Basel Capital adequacy requirement (CAR)

= 9% of RWA (Risk weighted assets)

OR

BASEL CAR:

[7% of RWA in T1] + [2% of RWA in T2]

 

Risk Weighted Assets (RWA)

Home Loan 20% Riskà Loaned: 30 Crores
Vehicle Loan 30% Riskà Loaned: 20 Crores
Commercial Loan 50% Riskà Loaned: 50 Crores
Risk Weighted Assets 100% 100 Crores

 

Have 9 Crore as TOTAL CAPITAL ADEQUACY if you want to loan out 100 crore

Basel I

?????? :

  • Rigidity of “one-size fits” approach
  • ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ????

 

Basel II:

?????? ?? ????? ????? ????????????? ?? ?????? 8% ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? |

Computation of RWA based on ‘three’ Risks:

  • ???????,
  • ???????, ??
  • ??????? ?????

??? ?????:

  • ??????? ????? ????????,
  • ?????????? ??????? ?????????, ??
  • ????? ???????

??????:

??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????(2007–08)

  • Pro-Cyclical: ????? ??? ???,?? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? , ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? , ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ?
  • ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????: ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????
  • ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? , ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? |
  • ????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????,??? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?

 

Basel III: A Global Regulatory Framework for more Resilient Banks and Banking systems

????????:

  • ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???|
  • ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????

?????????:

  • ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????????
  • ????? ?????? ?? ??????
  • ??????????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????
  • ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????

????:

  • ????? ????? ????????????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????
  • ????? (???????, ????? ?? ???????????? ?????) ?? ???? ????|
  • ?????????? ??????? ?????????
  • ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????
  • ????? ???????
  • ?????? ?? ??????????

India:

  • ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ????????????? ?? 9% ???? ??
  • ??? ????????? ?????? – ????????? ??????? ??????
  • ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? 87%
  • ????????? ??????? ?? ????: ????? ??? 73% ??????? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? 82%
  • ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? 6%

 

Issues with Indian Banks:

  • ?????????
  • ????? ????????
  • ????? ?? ????? ??
  • ???? ?? ??????:

‘?????? ????? ???? ?? (?????) ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??? +???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ‘

  • ???? ?????:

‘????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????????????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?????’

  • ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????

??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????:

‘???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????’

  • ??????? ??????? ??? ???????:

‘?????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ????  ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????????  ??? ???? III ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? , ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ,?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ‘

RoE:???? ?????????? ?? ????? ??  ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? |

 

Current Scenario:

  • Budget 2014:?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????
  • ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? III ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? “??????” ??? ??? ?? |
  • ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? “?? ???? ??”; ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ??|
  • ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? (??????) ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???

 

Criticisms:

  • ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? “?????” ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? + ?????? + ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? |
  • ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???????????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??, ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??, ?????? ???? ????? ?? |

Connecting the Dots:

  1. ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? |
  2. ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? III ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?

 

D-SIB: Domestic Systemically Important Banks: Too Big to Fail?

?????? ?? ??????

?????????? ????????? ???????????? ???? (G SIB)

  • ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????????
  • ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??

????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? (D SIB)

??? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? + ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? |

  • ???? ?? ?????? ????: ?? ????? ??????
  • ICICI and SBI:

??????? ???????: ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???

????? ????? ?????????? ?????? (?????)

?????? ?? ?????: ??????????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????

  • ?????? ?? ???? + ??????? ??? ????? ?????
  • ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?2 ??????? ?? 0.8 ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??
  • ???????? ???? ?? ?????? :
  • ????: ?? + ??? ???, ???
  • ????? : ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???
  • ???????????: ???? ???? ?? ???? ??
  • ??????: ???? ?????? ? ?? ???? ??? + ???? ??????? / ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???
  • ????? ?? ????? + ???? ???? ?? + ????? ?? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? (?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????)
  • ???? ??? ?????? ???? (?????? ????????? ???????????? ????)
  • ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????????????? (?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???) ???? ??? ???????? CET1 ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? |

sbi

Benefits

  • ???? ?????????? + ?????? ?? ???? ?????
  • ??????? ???????: ???? ????? + ??? ????
  • ???????? ?????: ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????
  • ?????? ?? ????: ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????

Limitations

  • ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??? |

??????

  • ??? ??????? ??????? ?????: ????? ?????? ?? ‘????’ ???
  • ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??
  • ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????
  • ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????-?????????
  • ??????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????
  • ???? ???????? + ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????
  • ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????
  • ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ;  ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ? ??   ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??
  • ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????: ???? ????;?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ?? ? ???? ???? ??? !

Connecting the Dots:

  1. ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? (??????????) ?? ??? ??????????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????
  2. ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???????

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