IASbaba Prelims 60 Days Plan
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Hello Friends,
Given the fact that the coveted civil services attract lakhs of youngsters to appear in the examination every year, stiff competition is a given! With the experience attained through multiple interactions with thousands of students and mentoring them, we have realised that cracking this examination takes more than just plain learning and application of concepts. It requires emotional management also. In fact, we can put it first in the prerequisites of qualifying this examination. With hardly a month remaining for the preliminary examination, we thought that sharing our experiences and the ways to tackle various scenarios that you must be facing now will help you manage your anxieties and apprehensions.
One thing that we must understand is that we are all different, our problems, priorities and pains are different and therefore the ways and means to address them are also different. You might be facing the same examination as your roommate is; but for both you, the challenges and moods might be different. In the next few paragraphs, we present an exhaustive list of scenarios that you as a candidate might be facing. Please see whether you fit somewhere in this classification. We have also provided the reasons behind the feelings that you might be experiencing in different scenarios and have also tried to give solutions to address them positively. It is also possible that you find yourself in two or even more than two scenarios. We hope that this objective scenario analysis will help you overcome your anxieties and lead to your success eventually.
Scenario 1: You have not yet completed your revision. Wit each passing day, you rewrite your schedule and convince yourself that there is enough time to revise all the subjects. But deep within, you are a bit scared.
Why does it happen: It happens because your emotions are torn between your commitment to excel and reality. You are committed to clear the exam but at the same time have apprehensions that you might lose it eventually. It happens with the majority of candidates (in fact with the top rankers as well!). The major factor could be your overcommitment due to which you covered so many things in the first phase of the study that it is becoming unmanageable to revise them all. The fear of not revising the hard work already done creates even more anxiety! Another reason could, of course, be procrastination. This is a fundamental human trait in the 21st century. With the internet and social media in our hands, we tend to postpone important things in our life.
What can be done: The first and the foremost thing that you need to do is to prioritise. Believe us, it doesn’t take more than 50% of your acquired knowledge to take the form of wisdom. It is wisdom that does the rest. It simply means that an investment in knowledge always pays the best interest. You might not be able to revise everything that you have read in the past few months but still, the wisdom acquired with the help of those readings will sail you through. Therefore, make a fixed time table and stick to it. Prioritise the areas you need to focus without getting too much concerned about the portions that you are going to leave in this process. The second most important thing to do is to stop procrastinating. Do it now, sometimes later becomes never!
Scenario 2: Everything was going fine. You were scoring high marks test after tests and everyone was betting on your preparation and potential. But then, the last few tests have gone haywire. You have lost the sheen and your performance has dropped. You feel that you are losing it now!
Why does it happen: Success makes us complacent. It also makes failures hard to accept. Our mind and emotions get habitual of pride and praise. A departure from the norm makes it difficult to adapt to the new realities. It hurts the confidence and brings a further dip in performance.
What can be done: No success is permanent and no failure is fatal. The mocks that you are appearing in are meant to train you for the ultimate battle. By no stretch of the imagination, they can become the yardstick to decide your performance in the actual examination. Your failure or rather the limited success in the recent tests mean nothing more than a reminder. It simply tells you to be more careful and don’t take things for granted. You are well prepared and only need to focus harder. Don’t lose the momentum now! It will be fatal. Take your failures with a pinch of salt and move on. Neither try too hard nor be listless. Just keep doing your job.
Scenario 3: This is your last attempt and you are in severe stress. You always think about the results. What if you don’t qualify this time too? What will your parents, friends and family think? have you waited your career?
Why does it happen: It happens because we humans are insecure beings. The feeling of insecurity of any kind overpowers our thinking. We start focusing too much on the negative possibilities rather than the positive ones. We start blaming our fate and also lose faith in hard work. Moreover, having spent a considerable amount of time, the feeling of impatience and frustration starts to foster. Lack of security in terms of career makes us uneasy an under-confident.
What can be done: Understand the concept of time zones. Different parts of the world have different times because they lie in different time zones. Human beings are also in their time zones. It simply means that just like sunlight doesn’t come all at once to the entire planet, success also comes at different times for different individuals. What affects your chances however is despondency. What if this is your time right now? What if there is a guarantee of success this time? Don’t lose this opportunity. Give your 100% and hope for the best. If you sail through, nothing can be better and even if you don’t, there are millions of opportunities waiting to be explored.
Scenario 4: This is your first attempt. You know that there are so many experienced players already in competition. You have a feeling that you don’t stand a chance.
Why does it happen: Contrary to the concept of ‘beginner’s advantage’, freshers suffer from the ill-placed syndrome of ‘beginners disadvantage’. They have a feeling that cramming up concepts of UPSC for years can give an individual edge over the others. This is natural as it happens in many other fields also, most notably sports and jobs.
What can be done: How do some sportsmen have the dream debuts? Why do many first-timers crack UPSC in the very first attempt? The answer is simple. If you have the right tools, the right attitude and the right frame of mind, it doesn’t matter if you are a fresher or a veteran; you will always succeed. You have nothing to lose and no one to compete with except yourself. Just focus on improving your own performance without bothering too much about the people around you.
Scenario 5: You see highly intelligent people around yourself. They study in groups and always keep discussing new concepts, some of which just fly over your head. You have a feeling that you don’t have what it takes to become a civil servant.
Why does it happen: We always tend to put ourselves in comparison to others. Even a slight hint of inferiority bewilders us. We start feeling that we can’t compete with the more competent and the smarter lot. We start feeling excluded and that affects our confidence adversely.
What can be done: Even the smartest and the most talented players have been defeated by the consistent ones. Civil services examination requires consistency in efforts and a willingness to better ourselves. If one goes on to make others as the benchmark, he is bound to get lost in the process. The best thing to do is to stay true to your commitment, strive hard with each passing day and hour and keep improving your abilities. Believe us, success shall be yours.
Scenario 6: You are scared of numbers. Can you succeed by competing lakhs of students? You didn’t even feature in the top 20% of your class in the school/ college! How can you be there in the top 0.5% of the candidates appearing in the examination?
Why does it happen: We get overwhelmed by numbers. India is a country of millions of jobless youth competing neck to neck with each other to get their dream jobs. It is natural to be scared of such stiff competition.
What can be done: A reality check will soothe your senses. Of the lakhs that appear in the preliminary examination, the ones who are actually prepared and hold some potential might only be thousands in number. Moreover, they are all facing the same competition. They are all equally scared of the numbers. You are not alone in this fear. The more you overcome this fear, the better are your chances to succeed.
Scenario 7: Everything is going great. You are high on confidence. You have firm belief in your abilities and hard work. You are sure to crack this examination.
Why does it happen: Hard work and a high level of preparedness give confidence. But it can also lead to overconfidence which can be fatal for you. Many times, brilliant candidates peak much before the actual examination and falter on the ‘D day’.
What can be done: Don’t let your performance peak right now. Remain humble and wait for the right time to give your best performance. There are many like you who are confident of clearing the examination. You have to compete with them and the best way to do it is by not letting your confidence corrupt your senses.
Scenario 8: You are appearing this year just to measure the depth of waters. You will come stronger and better prepared next year. You simply want to have a “feel” of this examination.
Why does it happen: This again is a natural human tendency. Many a time, we don’t give the full throttle fearing failure. We keep convincing ourselves that we have the potential to succeed and we will definitely taste success one day. This escapist tendency might actually be harmful sometimes.
What can be done: Don’t appear in the examination if you aren’t fully prepared. Examination as a process seeps into your intellectual faculties and can cause irreversible harm by affecting your confidence. You won’t even realise it and it will break your spirits. So it is better to stay away from such wishful thinking. If at all, you want to have the “feel”, it would be much better if you attempt the paper at home after the examination.
So, where do you find yourself? It’s perfectly fine to be scared or anxious. We are all human beings. But at the same time, we must have the intelligence to tackle our emotions and move in the right direction.
Success is what we want and success is what we should work for!
All the Best
IASbaba Team
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The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2019 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2019.
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Question 1 of 30
1. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Blood Moon:
- The rare celestial event was visible only from few parts of India.
- In this particular eclipse, Moon passed through central part of Earth’s umbral shadow.
- It was the century’s longest total lunar eclipse of 1 hour 43 minutes.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Blood Moon 2018 or century’s (2001 AD to 2100 AD) longest total lunar eclipse of 1 hour 43 minutes occurred on July 27-28, 2018. The rare celestial event was visible from all parts of India. It was majorly seen in Eastern Hemisphere including Central Asia, Eastern Africa and South East Asia.
In this particular eclipse, Moon passed through central part of Earth’s umbral shadow. During this time, Moon was located at apogee (i.e. at farthest from Earth) in its orbit and moved at slower speed in its orbit. During this transition phase, it took longer time for Moon and greater distance of Earth’s umbral shadow to travel, making it longest duration of total eclipse of this century. Such long duration of total lunar eclipses earlier had occurred occurred on July 16, 2000 for totality duration of 1 hour 46 minutes.
Incorrect
Blood Moon 2018 or century’s (2001 AD to 2100 AD) longest total lunar eclipse of 1 hour 43 minutes occurred on July 27-28, 2018. The rare celestial event was visible from all parts of India. It was majorly seen in Eastern Hemisphere including Central Asia, Eastern Africa and South East Asia.
In this particular eclipse, Moon passed through central part of Earth’s umbral shadow. During this time, Moon was located at apogee (i.e. at farthest from Earth) in its orbit and moved at slower speed in its orbit. During this transition phase, it took longer time for Moon and greater distance of Earth’s umbral shadow to travel, making it longest duration of total eclipse of this century. Such long duration of total lunar eclipses earlier had occurred occurred on July 16, 2000 for totality duration of 1 hour 46 minutes.
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Question 2 of 30
2. Question
Coastal headlands and Islands of Peru are known for a uniquely-produced natural fertilizer which has a high concentration of nitrates and phosphates. Which of the following is that natural fertilizer?
Correct
The word “guano” originates from the Andean indigenous language Quechua, which refers to any form of dung used as an agricultural fertilizer. Archaeological evidence suggests that Andean people have collected guano from small islands and points located off the desert coast of Peru for use as a soil amendment for well over 1,500 years.
Greensand is a green mineral compound with a texture similar to fine sand that is commonly used to amend soils. Although it is inorganic, meaning that it does not contain living organisms or the byproducts of living organisms, organic gardeners use greensand as a natural soil amendment and typically find that it improves the general vigor of their plants.
Incorrect
The word “guano” originates from the Andean indigenous language Quechua, which refers to any form of dung used as an agricultural fertilizer. Archaeological evidence suggests that Andean people have collected guano from small islands and points located off the desert coast of Peru for use as a soil amendment for well over 1,500 years.
Greensand is a green mineral compound with a texture similar to fine sand that is commonly used to amend soils. Although it is inorganic, meaning that it does not contain living organisms or the byproducts of living organisms, organic gardeners use greensand as a natural soil amendment and typically find that it improves the general vigor of their plants.
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Question 3 of 30
3. Question
Consider the following statements:
- Diastrophism, deposition and volcanism are endogenic geomorphic processes.
- Weathering, mass wasting, erosion are exogenic geomorphic processes.
- Orogenic processes involve mountain building through severe folding and affecting long and narrow belts of the earth’s crust.
- Epeirogenic processes involving uplift or warping of large parts of the earth’s crust.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Statement 1 is wrong as deposition is exogenic not endogenic geomorphic processes.
Incorrect
Statement 1 is wrong as deposition is exogenic not endogenic geomorphic processes.
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Question 4 of 30
4. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the hydration process:
- Hydration is the chemical addition of water.
- This process is reversible and short, continued repetition of this process causes fatigue in the rocks and may lead to their disintegration.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
- The process of hydration is long, not short.
- Hydration is the chemical addition of water. Minerals take up water and expand; this expansion causes an increase in the volume of the material itself or rock.
- This process is reversible and long, continued repetition of this process causes fatigue in the rocks and may lead to their disintegration.
- The volume changes in minerals due to hydration will also help in physical weathering through exfoliation and granular disintegration.
Incorrect
- The process of hydration is long, not short.
- Hydration is the chemical addition of water. Minerals take up water and expand; this expansion causes an increase in the volume of the material itself or rock.
- This process is reversible and long, continued repetition of this process causes fatigue in the rocks and may lead to their disintegration.
- The volume changes in minerals due to hydration will also help in physical weathering through exfoliation and granular disintegration.
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Question 5 of 30
5. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the springs and geysers:
- Silicate deposits at mouth of springs give them their distinct colors while the geysers are very colorful because of the presence of cyanobacteria of different colors.
- Both geysers and springs are found in all parts of the world.
Which of get above statements are correct?
Correct
Silicate deposits at mouth of geysers gives them their distinct colours while the springs are very colorful because of the presence of cyanobacteria of different colors. Springs are found in all parts of the world. But the geysers are found in very few regions. Iceland is famous for geysers.
Incorrect
Silicate deposits at mouth of geysers gives them their distinct colours while the springs are very colorful because of the presence of cyanobacteria of different colors. Springs are found in all parts of the world. But the geysers are found in very few regions. Iceland is famous for geysers.
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Question 6 of 30
6. Question
Consider the following statements:
- Meteors and Earth are solar system objects that are born from the same nebular cloud.
- Gravity anomalies give us information about the distribution of mass of the material in the crust of the earth.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Meteors and Earth are solar system objects that are born from the same nebular cloud. Thus they are likely to have a similar internal structure.
Gravitation: The gravitation force (g) is not the same at different latitudes on the surface. It is greater near the poles and less at the equator. This is because of the distance from the center at the equator being greater than that at the poles.
The gravity values also differ according to the mass of material. The uneven distribution of mass of material within the earth influences this value. Such a difference is called gravity anomaly. Gravity anomalies give us information about the distribution of mass of the material in the crust of the earth.
Incorrect
Meteors and Earth are solar system objects that are born from the same nebular cloud. Thus they are likely to have a similar internal structure.
Gravitation: The gravitation force (g) is not the same at different latitudes on the surface. It is greater near the poles and less at the equator. This is because of the distance from the center at the equator being greater than that at the poles.
The gravity values also differ according to the mass of material. The uneven distribution of mass of material within the earth influences this value. Such a difference is called gravity anomaly. Gravity anomalies give us information about the distribution of mass of the material in the crust of the earth.
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Question 7 of 30
7. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the cyclones:
- The tropical cyclone formation is due to frontogenesis while frontogenesis is absent in case of temperate cyclone.
- Tropical cyclones are confined to a smaller area while the temperate cyclones cover large area.
- In tropical cyclone rainfall stays for many days while in temperate cyclones rainfall doesn’t last for more than few hours.
- In tropical cyclone there is greater destruction due to winds, storm surges and torrential rains while in temperate cyclone there is less destruction due to winds but heavy destruction due to flooding.
Which of the following statements are NOT correct?
Correct
The temperate cyclone formation is due to frontogenesis while frontogenesis is absent in case of tropical cyclone.
In tropical cyclone rainfall is heavy but does not last beyond a few hours. If the cyclone stays at a place, the rainfall may continue for many days.
In temperate cyclone, rainfall is slow and continues for many days, sometimes even weeks.
Note: Temperate cyclones do not cause any destruction. It is good for society and economy and causes winter rainfall on the west coast of the continents.
Incorrect
The temperate cyclone formation is due to frontogenesis while frontogenesis is absent in case of tropical cyclone.
In tropical cyclone rainfall is heavy but does not last beyond a few hours. If the cyclone stays at a place, the rainfall may continue for many days.
In temperate cyclone, rainfall is slow and continues for many days, sometimes even weeks.
Note: Temperate cyclones do not cause any destruction. It is good for society and economy and causes winter rainfall on the west coast of the continents.
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Question 8 of 30
8. Question
Consider the following statements:
- Climate is continental with extremes of temperature.
- The maritime influence in the southern hemisphere causes more rainfall
- Local farmers welcome the Chinook winds
- The growth of grasses is not abruptly checked by summer droughts or winter cold.
The above statements represent which type of climate?
Correct
STEPPE type of climate
Temperature
Climate is continental with extremes of temperature. Temperatures vary greatly between summer and winter. The summers are hot and the winters are cold.
Precipitation
The average rainfall may be taken as about 45 cm, but this varies according to location from 25 cm to 75 cm. The maritime influence in the southern hemisphere causes more rainfall
Chinook: Local winds in Steppe regions on the eastern slopes of the Rockies in Canada and U.S.A., a local wind, similar to the Fohn in Switzerland, called the Chinook, comes in a south-westerly direction to the Prairies and has a considerable effect on the local pastures.
Natural Vegetation of Steppe Climate
Grasses
Greatest difference from the tropical savanna is that steppes are practically treeless and the grasses are much shorter. Grasses are fresh and nutritious. This is typical of the grass of the wheat-lands in North America, the rich black earth or chernozem areas of Russian Ukraine and the better watered areas of the Asiatic Steppes.
Where the rainfall is light or unreliable, or the soil is poor, as in the continental interiors of Asia the short steppe type of grass prevails. The grasses are not only shorter but also wiry [lean, tough] and sparse [thinly dispersed or scattered].
These areas are less suitable for arable farming and are used for some form of ranching as in the High Plains of U.S.A. The growth of grasses is not abruptly checked by summer droughts or winter cold. Polewards, an increase in precipitation gives rise to a transitional zone of wooded steppes where some conifers gradually appear.
Does not have much animal diversity. Horses are common in Asian Steppes.
Incorrect
STEPPE type of climate
Temperature
Climate is continental with extremes of temperature. Temperatures vary greatly between summer and winter. The summers are hot and the winters are cold.
Precipitation
The average rainfall may be taken as about 45 cm, but this varies according to location from 25 cm to 75 cm. The maritime influence in the southern hemisphere causes more rainfall
Chinook: Local winds in Steppe regions on the eastern slopes of the Rockies in Canada and U.S.A., a local wind, similar to the Fohn in Switzerland, called the Chinook, comes in a south-westerly direction to the Prairies and has a considerable effect on the local pastures.
Natural Vegetation of Steppe Climate
Grasses
Greatest difference from the tropical savanna is that steppes are practically treeless and the grasses are much shorter. Grasses are fresh and nutritious. This is typical of the grass of the wheat-lands in North America, the rich black earth or chernozem areas of Russian Ukraine and the better watered areas of the Asiatic Steppes.
Where the rainfall is light or unreliable, or the soil is poor, as in the continental interiors of Asia the short steppe type of grass prevails. The grasses are not only shorter but also wiry [lean, tough] and sparse [thinly dispersed or scattered].
These areas are less suitable for arable farming and are used for some form of ranching as in the High Plains of U.S.A. The growth of grasses is not abruptly checked by summer droughts or winter cold. Polewards, an increase in precipitation gives rise to a transitional zone of wooded steppes where some conifers gradually appear.
Does not have much animal diversity. Horses are common in Asian Steppes.
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Question 9 of 30
9. Question
Consider the following statements regarding layers of atmosphere:
- Troposphere is also called the convective region, since all convection stops at Tropopause.
- Stratosphere is almost free from clouds and associated weather phenomenon, making conditions most ideal for flying aeroplanes. So aeroplanes fly in lower stratosphere, sometimes in upper troposphere where weather is calm.
- Because of the presence of ozone molecules, Ozonosphere absorbs the harmful ultraviolet radiation.
- Meteorites burn up in mesosphere on entering from the space.
- The International Space Station and satellites orbit in thermosphere.
Which of the following statements are correct?
Correct
TROPOSPHERE
- The troposphere is the lowest atmospheric layer. On average, the troposphere extends from the ground to about 10 kilometers (6 miles) high, ranging from about 6 kilometers (4 miles) at the poles to more than 16 kilometers (10 miles) at the Equator. The top of the troposphere is higher in summer than in winter. The troposphere ends with the Tropopause.
- The temperature in this layer, as one goes upwards, falls at the rate of 5°C per kilometer, and reaches -45°C at the poles and -80°C over the equator at Tropopause (greater fall in temperature above equator is because of the greater thickness of troposphere – 18 km). The troposphere is marked by temperature inversion, turbulence and eddies. It is also called the convective region, since all convection stops at Tropopause.
STRATOSPHERE
- The stratosphere extends from the tropopause, the upper boundary of the troposphere, to about 50 kilometers (32 miles) above the Earth’s surface. This rise is due to the presence of ozone (harmful ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by ozone).
- This layer is almost free from clouds and associated weather phenomenon, making conditions most ideal for flying aeroplanes. So aeroplanes fly in lower stratosphere, sometimes in upper troposphere where weather is calm.
- Sometimes, cirrus clouds are present at lower levels in this layer.
MESOSPHERE
- The mesosphere extends from the stratopause (the upper boundary of the stratosphere) to about 85 kilometers (53 miles) above the surface of the Earth. Here, temperatures again begin to fall. Meteorites burn up in this layer on entering from the space.
THERMOSPHERE
- In thermosphere temperature rises very rapidly with increasing height. Ionosphere is a part of this layer. It extends between 80 – 400 km.
- This layer helps in radio transmission. In fact, radio waves transmitted from the earth are reflected back to the earth by this layer.
- Person would not feel warm because of the thermosphere’s extremely low pressure. The International Space Station and satellites orbit in this layer. (Though temperature is high, the atmosphere is extremely rarified – gas molecules are spaced hundreds of kilometers apart. Hence a person or an object in this layer doesn’t feel the heat)
- Aurora’s are observed in lower parts of this layer.
IONOSPHERE
- This layer is located between 80 km and 400 km and is an electrically charged layer. This layer is characterized by ionization of atoms.
- Because of the electric charge, radio waves transmitted from the earth are reflected back to the earth by this layer. Temperature again starts increasing with height because of radiation from the sun.
EXOSPHERE
- This is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere extending beyond the ionosphere above a height of about 400 km. The air is extremely rarefied and the temperature gradually increases through the layer.
- Light gases like helium and hydrogen float into the space from here.
- Temperature gradually increases through the layer. (As it is exposed to direct sunlight). This layer coincides with space.
Incorrect
TROPOSPHERE
- The troposphere is the lowest atmospheric layer. On average, the troposphere extends from the ground to about 10 kilometers (6 miles) high, ranging from about 6 kilometers (4 miles) at the poles to more than 16 kilometers (10 miles) at the Equator. The top of the troposphere is higher in summer than in winter. The troposphere ends with the Tropopause.
- The temperature in this layer, as one goes upwards, falls at the rate of 5°C per kilometer, and reaches -45°C at the poles and -80°C over the equator at Tropopause (greater fall in temperature above equator is because of the greater thickness of troposphere – 18 km). The troposphere is marked by temperature inversion, turbulence and eddies. It is also called the convective region, since all convection stops at Tropopause.
STRATOSPHERE
- The stratosphere extends from the tropopause, the upper boundary of the troposphere, to about 50 kilometers (32 miles) above the Earth’s surface. This rise is due to the presence of ozone (harmful ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by ozone).
- This layer is almost free from clouds and associated weather phenomenon, making conditions most ideal for flying aeroplanes. So aeroplanes fly in lower stratosphere, sometimes in upper troposphere where weather is calm.
- Sometimes, cirrus clouds are present at lower levels in this layer.
MESOSPHERE
- The mesosphere extends from the stratopause (the upper boundary of the stratosphere) to about 85 kilometers (53 miles) above the surface of the Earth. Here, temperatures again begin to fall. Meteorites burn up in this layer on entering from the space.
THERMOSPHERE
- In thermosphere temperature rises very rapidly with increasing height. Ionosphere is a part of this layer. It extends between 80 – 400 km.
- This layer helps in radio transmission. In fact, radio waves transmitted from the earth are reflected back to the earth by this layer.
- Person would not feel warm because of the thermosphere’s extremely low pressure. The International Space Station and satellites orbit in this layer. (Though temperature is high, the atmosphere is extremely rarified – gas molecules are spaced hundreds of kilometers apart. Hence a person or an object in this layer doesn’t feel the heat)
- Aurora’s are observed in lower parts of this layer.
IONOSPHERE
- This layer is located between 80 km and 400 km and is an electrically charged layer. This layer is characterized by ionization of atoms.
- Because of the electric charge, radio waves transmitted from the earth are reflected back to the earth by this layer. Temperature again starts increasing with height because of radiation from the sun.
EXOSPHERE
- This is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere extending beyond the ionosphere above a height of about 400 km. The air is extremely rarefied and the temperature gradually increases through the layer.
- Light gases like helium and hydrogen float into the space from here.
- Temperature gradually increases through the layer. (As it is exposed to direct sunlight). This layer coincides with space.
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Question 10 of 30
10. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the westerlies:
- The westerlies are the winds blowing from the sub-tropical high pressure belts towards the sub-tropical low pressure belts.
- They blow from southwest to northwest in the northern hemisphere and north-east to south-east in the southern hemisphere.
- The westerlies of the northern hemisphere are stronger and persistent due to the vast expanse of water, while those of the southern hemisphere are irregular because of uneven relief of vast land-masses.
- The westerlies are best developed between 40° and 65° S latitudes and are often called Roaring Forties, Furious Fifties, and Shrieking Sixties, dreaded terms for sailors.
Which of the above statements are INCORRECT?
Correct
The Westerlies are the winds blowing from the sub-tropical high pressure belts towards the sub-polar low pressure belts.
They blow from southwest to north-east in the northern hemisphere and north-west to south-east in the southern hemisphere.
The westerlies of the southern hemisphere are stronger and persistent due to the vast expanse of water, while those of the northern hemisphere are irregular because of uneven relief of vast land-masses.
The westerlies are best developed between 40° and 65° S latitudes. These latitudes are often called Roaring Forties, Furious Fifties, and Shrieking Sixties – dreaded terms for sailors.
Incorrect
The Westerlies are the winds blowing from the sub-tropical high pressure belts towards the sub-polar low pressure belts.
They blow from southwest to north-east in the northern hemisphere and north-west to south-east in the southern hemisphere.
The westerlies of the southern hemisphere are stronger and persistent due to the vast expanse of water, while those of the northern hemisphere are irregular because of uneven relief of vast land-masses.
The westerlies are best developed between 40° and 65° S latitudes. These latitudes are often called Roaring Forties, Furious Fifties, and Shrieking Sixties – dreaded terms for sailors.
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Question 11 of 30
11. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the continental shelves:
- Continental Shelf is the gently sloping seaward extension of continental plate.
- These extended margins of each continent are occupied by relatively deep seas and gulfs.
- The shelf typically ends at a very steep slope, called the shelf break.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
These extended margins of each continent are occupied by relatively shallow (not deep) seas and gulfs.
NOTE:
The shelf is formed mainly due to Submergence of a part of a continent Relative rise in sea level Sedimentary deposits brought down by rivers
Incorrect
These extended margins of each continent are occupied by relatively shallow (not deep) seas and gulfs.
NOTE:
The shelf is formed mainly due to Submergence of a part of a continent Relative rise in sea level Sedimentary deposits brought down by rivers
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Question 12 of 30
12. Question
Consider the following statements:
- Largest and deepest ocean
- Covers about one-third of the earth’s surface
- Its shape is roughly triangular with its apex in the north at the Bering Strait
- Many marginal seas, bays and gulfs occur along its boundaries
- Nearly 20,000 islands dot this vast ocean
Which of the above statements describe Pacific Ocean best?
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 13 of 30
13. Question
Consider the following statements:
- Himalayan Mountains are highly stable just like peninsular plateau.
- Indo-gangetic plain are the most youthful, monotonous region prone to tectonic forces.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Indo-Gangetic Plain lie Between Peninsular and Himalayan region. They are Most youthful, monotonous [lack of change or variety] region prone to tectonic forces.
Himalayan mountains are young alpine mountains experiencing a lot of tectonic activity. They are one of the most unstable parts of India. On contrary, Deccan plateau is a part of very stable shield.
Incorrect
Indo-Gangetic Plain lie Between Peninsular and Himalayan region. They are Most youthful, monotonous [lack of change or variety] region prone to tectonic forces.
Himalayan mountains are young alpine mountains experiencing a lot of tectonic activity. They are one of the most unstable parts of India. On contrary, Deccan plateau is a part of very stable shield.
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Question 14 of 30
14. Question
The world’s highest motorable road passes through which pass?
Correct
Khardungla pass near leh in ladakh is the pass and world’s highest motorable road passes through this pass. It remains closed in winter due to heavy snowfall.
Incorrect
Khardungla pass near leh in ladakh is the pass and world’s highest motorable road passes through this pass. It remains closed in winter due to heavy snowfall.
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Question 15 of 30
15. Question
Consider the following statements:
- The Gir Range is located in the southern part of the Kathiawar peninsula.
- It is covered with dense dry deciduous forests and is famous as home of the Gir lion.
- Kutch and Kathiawar, though an extension of Peninsular plateau are not treated as part of the Western Coastal Plains.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Statement 3 is incorrect because Kutch and Kathiawar, though an extension of Peninsular plateau (because Kathiawar is made of the Deccan Lava and there are tertiary rocks in the Kutch area), they are still treated as integral part of the Western Coastal Plains as they are now leveled down.
Incorrect
Statement 3 is incorrect because Kutch and Kathiawar, though an extension of Peninsular plateau (because Kathiawar is made of the Deccan Lava and there are tertiary rocks in the Kutch area), they are still treated as integral part of the Western Coastal Plains as they are now leveled down.
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Question 16 of 30
16. Question
Which of the following river is considered to be part of both Himalayan and peninsular river system?
Correct
All are peninsular rivers (this question is given just to check the stability of your mind, avoid over-thinking)
Incorrect
All are peninsular rivers (this question is given just to check the stability of your mind, avoid over-thinking)
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Question 17 of 30
17. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the temperature during South West Monsoon Season:
- Sudden onset of South West Monsoons leads to significant fall in temperature.
- The temperature remains less uniform throughout the rainy season.
- There is rise in temperature whenever there is break in the monsoons.
- The diurnal range of temperature is small due to clouds and rains.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
All the statements given above are correct.
The period June to September is referred to as the ‘Southwest Monsoon’ period. Southwest Monsoon period is the principal rainy season for the Indian subcontinent.
This is the summer monsoon period where the southwest monsoon holds away over the country. The whole country receives nearly 75% of its rainfall during this period.
Southwest monsoon sets in over the extreme southwestern tip of the peninsula by the end of May. The onset of Monsoon is characterized by a sudden spurt of rainfall activity. It progresses inland in stages and covers the entire country by the middle of July.
It starts retrieving from the extreme northwest by the beginning of September, progressively receding southwards.
Incorrect
All the statements given above are correct.
The period June to September is referred to as the ‘Southwest Monsoon’ period. Southwest Monsoon period is the principal rainy season for the Indian subcontinent.
This is the summer monsoon period where the southwest monsoon holds away over the country. The whole country receives nearly 75% of its rainfall during this period.
Southwest monsoon sets in over the extreme southwestern tip of the peninsula by the end of May. The onset of Monsoon is characterized by a sudden spurt of rainfall activity. It progresses inland in stages and covers the entire country by the middle of July.
It starts retrieving from the extreme northwest by the beginning of September, progressively receding southwards.
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Question 18 of 30
18. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Monsoon Season:
- Most severe and devastating tropical cyclones originate in the Indian seas especially in the Arabian Sea.
- Unlike the sudden burst of the advancing monsoons, the withdrawal is rather gradual and takes about three months.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Most severe and devastating tropical cyclones originate in the Indian seas especially in the Bay of Bengal (it’s more in Bay of Bengal than in Arabian Sea).
Incorrect
Most severe and devastating tropical cyclones originate in the Indian seas especially in the Bay of Bengal (it’s more in Bay of Bengal than in Arabian Sea).
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Question 19 of 30
19. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the Haematite:
- Its reddish best quality iron ore with 70 per cent metallic content.
- Found in Dharwad and Cuddapah rock systems of the Gangetic region.
- 80 per cent of haematite reserves are in Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh.
- In the western section, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Goa have this kind of ore.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
- Haematite is reddish; best quality; 70 per cent metallic content.
- Found in Dharwad and Cuddapah rock systems of the “Peninsular” India.
- 80 per cent of haematite reserves are in Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh.
- In the western section, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Goa have this kind of ore.
Incorrect
- Haematite is reddish; best quality; 70 per cent metallic content.
- Found in Dharwad and Cuddapah rock systems of the “Peninsular” India.
- 80 per cent of haematite reserves are in Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh.
- In the western section, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Goa have this kind of ore.
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Question 20 of 30
20. Question
Consider the following statements:
- It is most widely available and used coal.
- Dense, compact, and is usually of black color.
- Does not have traces of original vegetation material.
- Calorific value is very high due to high proportion of carbon and low moisture.
- Used in production of coke and gas.
The above statements are describing which coal?
Correct
Bituminous coal or black coal is a relatively soft coal containing a tarlike substance called bitumen or asphalt. It is of higher quality than lignite coal but of poorer quality than anthracite.
Formation is usually the result of high pressure being exerted on lignite. Its coloration can be black or sometimes dark brown; often there are well-defined bands of bright and dull material within the seams. These distinctive sequences, which are classified according to either “dull, bright-banded” or “bright, dull-banded”, is how bituminous coals are stratigraphically identified.
Bituminous coal is the second highest quality of coal (below anthracite) and the most abundant type. Usually, bituminous coal comes from fairly old coal deposits (around 300 million years old). The energy density of this coal is relatively high, therefore, releases a significant amount of energy when burned.
Incorrect
Bituminous coal or black coal is a relatively soft coal containing a tarlike substance called bitumen or asphalt. It is of higher quality than lignite coal but of poorer quality than anthracite.
Formation is usually the result of high pressure being exerted on lignite. Its coloration can be black or sometimes dark brown; often there are well-defined bands of bright and dull material within the seams. These distinctive sequences, which are classified according to either “dull, bright-banded” or “bright, dull-banded”, is how bituminous coals are stratigraphically identified.
Bituminous coal is the second highest quality of coal (below anthracite) and the most abundant type. Usually, bituminous coal comes from fairly old coal deposits (around 300 million years old). The energy density of this coal is relatively high, therefore, releases a significant amount of energy when burned.
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Question 21 of 30
21. Question
‘Bababudangiris Arabica coffee’ is grown in
Correct
Bababudangiris Arabica coffee is grown specifically in the birthplace of coffee in India and the region is situated in the central portion of Chikmagalur district.
Incorrect
Bababudangiris Arabica coffee is grown specifically in the birthplace of coffee in India and the region is situated in the central portion of Chikmagalur district.
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Question 22 of 30
22. Question
The ‘Glorious Kakatiya Temples and Gateways’ comprises of
- Remnants of Swayambhu temple and Keerthi Thoranas, Warangal
- Rudreswara Temple (Thousand pillars temple), Hanumakonda
- Rudreswara (Ramappa) Temple, Palampet
Select the correct code:
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Question 23 of 30
23. Question
‘UNSC Resolution 2462’ is associated with
Correct
Resolution 2462
- UN Security Council has adopted a resolution that calls upon countries to prevent and counter the financing of terrorism, especially in its new forms.
- Initiated by France, Resolution 2462 is intended to update existing resolutions and adapt them to new forms of financing of terrorism and new challenges in this field.
- Adopted in 2001 in response to the September 11 terrorist attacks in the US, Resolution 1373 was the first comprehensive resolution imposing obligations on all states to respond to the global threat of terrorism.
- Resolution 2462 also affirms the Resolution 1373 and in particular its decisions that all countries shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts and refrain from providing any of support, active or passive, to entities or persons involved in terrorist acts.
Incorrect
Resolution 2462
- UN Security Council has adopted a resolution that calls upon countries to prevent and counter the financing of terrorism, especially in its new forms.
- Initiated by France, Resolution 2462 is intended to update existing resolutions and adapt them to new forms of financing of terrorism and new challenges in this field.
- Adopted in 2001 in response to the September 11 terrorist attacks in the US, Resolution 1373 was the first comprehensive resolution imposing obligations on all states to respond to the global threat of terrorism.
- Resolution 2462 also affirms the Resolution 1373 and in particular its decisions that all countries shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts and refrain from providing any of support, active or passive, to entities or persons involved in terrorist acts.
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Question 24 of 30
24. Question
Consider the following statements with respect to the ‘Election deposit’
- Candidates who stand for Parliamentary elections and Assembly elections have to pay a deposit of ₹25,000
- Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes candidates are not required to pay a deposit
Select the correct statements
Correct
In India, candidates who stand for parliamentary elections have to pay a deposit of ₹25,000.
If the candidate is a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe, the amount is ₹12,500.
For Assembly elections, the amount is ₹10,000; for SC and ST candidates, it is ₹5,000.
Incorrect
In India, candidates who stand for parliamentary elections have to pay a deposit of ₹25,000.
If the candidate is a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe, the amount is ₹12,500.
For Assembly elections, the amount is ₹10,000; for SC and ST candidates, it is ₹5,000.
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Question 25 of 30
25. Question
Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
- Bamako – Mali
- Molde – Iraq
- Kobani – Syria
Select the correct code:
Correct
Bamako – Mali
Molde – Norway
Kobani – Syria
Incorrect
Bamako – Mali
Molde – Norway
Kobani – Syria
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Question 26 of 30
26. Question
Match the following
- Karagam:: Folk Dance of Andhra Pradesh
- Puvari Eduppu:: Festival of Kerala
- Erwadi Santhanakoodu:: Festival of Tamil Nadu
Which of the above is/are correctly matched?
Correct
Kargam
- Karagattam or Karagam is a folk dance of Tamil Nadu performed by villagers perform in praise of the rain goddess Mari Amman. The performers balance a water pot on their head very beautifully.
- Traditionally, this dance is performed in two types – Aatta Karagam is danced with decorated pots on the head and symbolises joy and happiness, while the Sakthi Karagam is performed only in temples and is mainly danced for entertainment. Earlier it was performed only with the accompaniment of the Naiyandi Melam, but now it also includes songs. Most expert artistes are from the regions of Thanjavur, Pudukottai, Ramanathapuram, Madurai, Tirunelveli, and Pattukottai and Salem.
Puvari Eduppu
- Puravi eduppu at Vallalapatti Ayyanar Temple (Tamil Nadu), in which thousands of mud horses are taken in procession over two days. It’s a resplendent sight to see so many terracotta horses of varying sizes and colours being carried in unison.
- Large old clay(terracotta) horses reaching a height of two meters and more, wonderfully molded and with intricate decorations with Vestis, Flower garlands. Devotees decorate their votive offerings themselves with flowers, pieces of cloths, balloons, pin-wheels, mirrors, etc.
Erwadi Santhanakoodu
- The Erwadi Santhanakoodu Festival is a month long festival held in Ervadi dargah, located in Ramanathapuram district (Tamil Nadu), to commemorate the anniversary of Sulthan Syed Ibrahim Shaheed Badhusha nayagam whose grave is in Ervadi.
- Santhanakoodu festival at Goripalayam Dargah is a classic example, where Hindus too take part.
Note:
- Therukoothu is an ancient art, where artists play songs with dance and music in storytelling the epics, performed in Tamil; it is a folk art originated from the early Tamil country.
- Oyilattam:: is a folk dance with origins in the Madurai region of Tamil Nadu.
- It was traditionally a dance where a few men would stand in a row with two kerchiefs perform rhythmic steps to the musical accompaniment, with the number of dancers increasing; over the past ten years women have also started performing this dance.
- Typically, the musical accompaniment is the Thavil and the performers have coloured handkerchiefs tied to their fingers] and wear ankle bells. Oyilattam is one of the folk arts identified for mainstreaming by the Tamil university. Mainly Oyilattam is performed at village festivals. It is basically describing the great epics like ramayana, mahabaratha and also lord muruga’s history.
Source:
https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/travel/blogger-turned-author-chithiraveethikaran-talks-about-his-fascination-for-festivals-and-his-first-book-thiruvizhakkalin-thalainagaram-madurai/article26408853.ece
Incorrect
Kargam
- Karagattam or Karagam is a folk dance of Tamil Nadu performed by villagers perform in praise of the rain goddess Mari Amman. The performers balance a water pot on their head very beautifully.
- Traditionally, this dance is performed in two types – Aatta Karagam is danced with decorated pots on the head and symbolises joy and happiness, while the Sakthi Karagam is performed only in temples and is mainly danced for entertainment. Earlier it was performed only with the accompaniment of the Naiyandi Melam, but now it also includes songs. Most expert artistes are from the regions of Thanjavur, Pudukottai, Ramanathapuram, Madurai, Tirunelveli, and Pattukottai and Salem.
Puvari Eduppu
- Puravi eduppu at Vallalapatti Ayyanar Temple (Tamil Nadu), in which thousands of mud horses are taken in procession over two days. It’s a resplendent sight to see so many terracotta horses of varying sizes and colours being carried in unison.
- Large old clay(terracotta) horses reaching a height of two meters and more, wonderfully molded and with intricate decorations with Vestis, Flower garlands. Devotees decorate their votive offerings themselves with flowers, pieces of cloths, balloons, pin-wheels, mirrors, etc.
Erwadi Santhanakoodu
- The Erwadi Santhanakoodu Festival is a month long festival held in Ervadi dargah, located in Ramanathapuram district (Tamil Nadu), to commemorate the anniversary of Sulthan Syed Ibrahim Shaheed Badhusha nayagam whose grave is in Ervadi.
- Santhanakoodu festival at Goripalayam Dargah is a classic example, where Hindus too take part.
Note:
- Therukoothu is an ancient art, where artists play songs with dance and music in storytelling the epics, performed in Tamil; it is a folk art originated from the early Tamil country.
- Oyilattam:: is a folk dance with origins in the Madurai region of Tamil Nadu.
- It was traditionally a dance where a few men would stand in a row with two kerchiefs perform rhythmic steps to the musical accompaniment, with the number of dancers increasing; over the past ten years women have also started performing this dance.
- Typically, the musical accompaniment is the Thavil and the performers have coloured handkerchiefs tied to their fingers] and wear ankle bells. Oyilattam is one of the folk arts identified for mainstreaming by the Tamil university. Mainly Oyilattam is performed at village festivals. It is basically describing the great epics like ramayana, mahabaratha and also lord muruga’s history.
Source:
https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/travel/blogger-turned-author-chithiraveethikaran-talks-about-his-fascination-for-festivals-and-his-first-book-thiruvizhakkalin-thalainagaram-madurai/article26408853.ece
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Question 27 of 30
27. Question
Recently in news, the famous Gauḍa, Gaur, or Gour, also known as Lakhnauti and Jannatabad, is a ruined city located at:
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Question 28 of 30
28. Question
With reference to Ancient Indian Culture, what denotes ‘Naazhi or Uri’:
Correct
Naazhi was the smallest of the measuring vessels associated with the rice-paddy system in Kerala. Teachers were paid in cash and kind measured in measuring units naazhi or uri. They got a daily allowance of two coins and an uzhi or naazhi of paddy or cloth.
Some more measuring units
- Bindu
- Phalam
- Kudubam
- Kazanj
- Thoola
- Shanam
- Pakkam
Source:
https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/tracing-the-roots-of-kanchipurams-thirumukoodal-azhvar-temple/article26406975.ece
Incorrect
Naazhi was the smallest of the measuring vessels associated with the rice-paddy system in Kerala. Teachers were paid in cash and kind measured in measuring units naazhi or uri. They got a daily allowance of two coins and an uzhi or naazhi of paddy or cloth.
Some more measuring units
- Bindu
- Phalam
- Kudubam
- Kazanj
- Thoola
- Shanam
- Pakkam
Source:
https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/tracing-the-roots-of-kanchipurams-thirumukoodal-azhvar-temple/article26406975.ece
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Question 29 of 30
29. Question
The term ‘BAPA+40’ recently in news is related to:
Correct
The UN General Assembly (UNGA) adopted by consensus, on 28 August 2017, the draft resolution calling for the Second High-level United Nations Conference on South-South Cooperation to be held in Buenos Aires from 20-22 March 2019.
The Conference will mark the fortieth anniversary of the UN Conference on Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries, which convened from 30 August to 12 September 1978, in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
That meeting adopted the Buenos Aires Plan of Action for Promoting and Implementing Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (BAPA).
General debate on the role of South-South cooperation and the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: challenges and opportunities
https://sdg.iisd.org/news/intergovernmental-technical-preparations-underway-for-bapa40/
Incorrect
The UN General Assembly (UNGA) adopted by consensus, on 28 August 2017, the draft resolution calling for the Second High-level United Nations Conference on South-South Cooperation to be held in Buenos Aires from 20-22 March 2019.
The Conference will mark the fortieth anniversary of the UN Conference on Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries, which convened from 30 August to 12 September 1978, in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
That meeting adopted the Buenos Aires Plan of Action for Promoting and Implementing Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (BAPA).
General debate on the role of South-South cooperation and the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: challenges and opportunities
https://sdg.iisd.org/news/intergovernmental-technical-preparations-underway-for-bapa40/
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Question 30 of 30
30. Question
‘MSPglobal’ is a joint initiative of:
Correct
The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (IOC-UNESCO) and the European Commission (EC) launched MSPglobal, a maritime spatial planning project. The three-year project aims to develop international guidelines on maritime spatial planning and support regulation of activities in coastal and marine waters as a contribution to achieving ocean governance goals and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
https://sdg.iisd.org/news/ioc-unesco-ec-launch-mspglobal-contribute-to-sdg-14/
Incorrect
The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (IOC-UNESCO) and the European Commission (EC) launched MSPglobal, a maritime spatial planning project. The three-year project aims to develop international guidelines on maritime spatial planning and support regulation of activities in coastal and marine waters as a contribution to achieving ocean governance goals and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
https://sdg.iisd.org/news/ioc-unesco-ec-launch-mspglobal-contribute-to-sdg-14/
