Jan Aushadhi Yojana – Making cost effective medicines available for the citizens – All India Radio (AIR) IAS UPSC

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TOPIC: General Studies 2:

• Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation
• Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health

In News: On the culmination of the seven-day Janaushadhi Divas 2021 celebrations, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated India’s 7,500th Janaushadhi Kendra. The centre is located at the North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS) in Sikkim. During the inauguration, the prime minister said that the PM Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojna (PM-BJP) has been helpful for people with limited means, adding that otherwise, for these groups of people, medicines are expensive.

About Jan Aushadhi Yojana

Rationale: It is a well-known fact that branded medicines are sold at significantly higher prices in India. Given the widespread poverty across the country, making available reasonably priced quality medicines in the market would benefit everyone, especially the poor and the disadvantaged.

Under the: Department of Pharmaceutical’s Bureau of Pharma PSUs of India (BPPI), under the Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers.

Vision: To bring down the healthcare budget of every citizen of India through providing “Quality generic Medicines at Affordable Prices”.

Mission

• Create awareness among the public regarding generic medicines.
• Create demand for generic medicines through medical practitioners
• Create awareness through education and awareness program that high price need not be synonymous with high quality
• Provide all the commonly used generic medicines covering all the therapeutic groups
• Provide all the related health care products too under the scheme

Aim: To widely provide generic medicines to people across the country to make healthcare more affordable. 

• Pradhan Mantri Janaushadhi Kendra is a medical outlet opened under the scheme which makes quality medicines available at affordable prices for all. 
• “Jan Aushadhi Sugam” mobile app helps in locating nearest Janaushadhi Kendra and availability of medicines with its price.
• These centres across the country would also provide 75 Ayush medicines

Jan Aushadhi Suvidha Sanitary Napkin

• The launch of “Jan Aushadhi Suvidha Oxo-Biodegradable Sanitary Napkin” for women of India was announced on the eve of World Environment Day in 2018.
• It is biodegradable. 
• This means that upon discarding, it is totally biodegradable once it comes in contact with oxygen indicating that they are environmental friendly.

What exactly is the difference between a generic drug and brand- name drug?

When a company develops a new drug — often after years of research — it applies for a patent, which prohibits anyone else from making the drug for a fixed period. To recover the cost of research and development, companies usually price their brand- name drugs on the higher side. Once the patent expires, other manufacturers duplicate and market their own versions of the drug. Since the manufacture of these generic drugs do not involve a repeat of the extensive clinical trials to prove their safety and efficacy, it costs less to develop them. Generic drugs are, therefore, cheaper.

However, because the compounds in the generic versions have the same molecular structure as the brand-name version, their quality is essentially the same. The generic drug has the same “active ingredient” as the brand-name drug. This ingredient is the one that cures the patient; and other, “inert ingredients”, which give the drug its colour, shape or taste, vary from the brand-name drug to the generics.

• The prices of generic medicines are much cheaper than their branded equivalent.
• The generic drug does not have to undergo a complete clinical trial to be proved equivalent, the bioequivalence test is much cheaper than clinical trials making generic drugs cheaper.
• The government’s move assumes significance as medicines account for 70-75% of a household’s out of pocket expenditure on health
• The move will result into affordable access to quality medicines which is a part of free universal access to healthcare services.
• India being a world leader in generics, the dependency on imports of patent drugs will reduce improving our trade of balance.

The Way Forward:

Support of the State Government: The scheme is riding on the co-operation of the state governments. The central government is responsible for the supply of quality medicines, while the state governments or government-appointed NGOs were to run the shops on a not-for-profit basis.

Strong Regulation: A strong regulatory structure should be put in place to both certify and monitor drug testing and enforce the compliance with GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice). There is also a need to bring a legal framework to ensure “quality” in generic drug testing.

Proper Legal Mechanism: If the government wants to make the prescription of generics compulsory, it needs to put in place a legal mechanism to guarantee that all generics are bioequivalent to the innovator product by making bioequivalence testing compulsory (Bioequivalent generic drugs are therapeutically equal to the innovator drug. Once bioequivalence is established, a generic drug is legally certified to be of the same quality to replace the innovator product and can therefore be interchanged for the innovator product).

Responsibility is also on the Pharmacist: A patient with a prescription detailing the composition of the medicine could still be dependent on a pharmacist to make the most suitable drug choice. As generic medicines have low margins they are unlikely to be stocked by the retail pharmacist. Therefore the pharmacists should also be brought under its ambit.

Database of drug Relators: Need to use IT tools to network all 36 drug regulators into one integrated national database which can then be accessed by every citizen over a smartphone.

Proper Tagging: All products should be tagged with a unique RFID, barcode or such similar identification to ensure traceability from manufacture to consumption. Generics should be labelled and sold as such in order to prevent a brand to brand substitution rather than a brand to generic substitution at the retail level.

Cap the Price: Capping the maximum sale price of the generic taking into account the cost of making the drug and distribution and retail margins as branded generics can be as costly as patent drugs.