[DAY 16] 60 DAY RAPID REVISION (RaRe) SERIES for UPSC Prelims 2023 – HISTORY, CURRENT AFFAIRS & CSAT TEST SERIES!

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi worked as an attorney and public servant from 1893 to 1914 in South Africa before leading the Indian freedom movement to fight injustice and class division. Within ten years, Gandhi had spread the Satyagraha philosophy throughout the country, propelling the country toward a society free of class and ethnic discrimination.
• During the outbreak of the Boer War in 1899, Gandhi given supports to Britishers and gathered approximately 1,100 Indians and organized the Indian Ambulance Corps for the British. (Hence statement 3 is correct)
• Gandhi was inspired by English artist John Ruskin’s book Unto This Last, and he established Phoenix Farm near Durban. (Hence statement 2 is incorrect)
• The Natal Indian Congress (NIC), founded by Gandhi in 1894 in South Africa, was the dominant political organization among Indians throughout the twentieth century. It campaigned against discrimination against Indians. (Hence statement 4 is correct)
• On August 22, 1894, a constitution was drafted and later the NIC formed an alliance with the African National Congress (ANC), breaking the mold of racially exclusive mobilizations.
• Mohandas Gandhi (“Mahatma”), M.H. Nazar, and Madanjit Viyavaharik founded and published Indian Opinion, a weekly newspaper, in Natal Province in 1903. The newspaper focused on Indian rights, indentured laborer living conditions, and racial discrimination. (Hence statement 1 is correct)

Solution (c)

Explanation:

• The Rowlatt Act also known as the “Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919” was enacted by the British government in order to strengthen their grip on power over the common people. The Imperial Legislative Council passed this law in March 1919, giving them the authority to arrest anyone without a trial. (Hence statements 1 and 3 are correct)
• The Rowlatt Act was passed despite the unanimous opposition of the council’s Indian members, who all resigned in protest. Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Madan Mohan Malviya, and Mazhar Ul Haq were among them.
• The Rowlatt Act was passed in order to extend the Defense of India Regulations Act of 1915 about to expire, the Rowlatt Committee was formed to recommend counter-measures to the revolutionary movement. Rowlatt proposed extending the provisions of the Defense of India Act for another three years while eliminating the habeas corpus provisions. (Hence statement 2 is correct)
• The Rowlatt Act (1919) was passed during Lord Chelmsford’s viceroyalty. According to this act, the British government was given the authority to imprison anyone without a trial. Viceroy Lord Reading repealed it in the year 1922. (Hence statement 4 is incorrect)

Solution(c)

Explanation:

• Muddiman Committee was appointed by the Government of India at the beginning of 1924. Sir Alexander Muddiman was the Chairman of the committee. The committee investigated the issue of Dyarchy which was introduced by the Government of India Act of 1919.The committee was set up due to the growing political unrest on the dyarchy issue of the Constitution. (Hence,statement 1 is incorrect)
• Lord Reading was the Governor General of India at the time the committee appointment. (Hence statement 2 is correct)
• The British Government had set up a committee under Sir Alexander Muddinman to meet the demand of the Indian Leaders and in view of the resolution adopted by Swaraj Party in early 1920s.
• Given below are the other members of the Muddiman Committee:
  • Sir Alexander Muddinman
  • Sir Sivaswami Aiyar
  • R P Paranjape
  • Sir Tejbahadur Sapru
  • Mohammad Ali Jinnah
  • Bijoy Chand Mahtab (Hence statement 3 is incorrect)
• The report was submitted in 1925 that consisted of two parts- Majority and Minority Report.
  • The Majority Report: It consisting of officials and loyalists declared that Dyarchy had not been established. They also felt that the system had not been given a fair trial and hence recommended only minor changes.
  • The Minority Report: It consisting of only Non-Official Indian stated that the Act of 1919 had failed. It also opined that what was needed was a Constitution framed on a permanent basis with a provision for automatic progress in the future.

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• The Madras Session of Congress (1927) accepted some proposals by Muslim League. These came to be known as “Delhi proposals”. In response to Nehru report, a large number of Muslim leaders met at Delhi in 1927 (before release of Nehru report in 1928). ( Hence statement 1 is correct)
• They evolved four proposals for Muslims demands to be incorporated in draft constitution.
• Joint electorate in place of separate electorate with reserved seat for minority Muslims.
• One third representation for Muslims in central legislative assembly. (Hence statement 2 is incorrect)
• Representation of Muslims in Punjab and Bengal in proportion to their population.
• Formation of 3 new Muslim majority provinces Sindhi, Baluchistan and North- west frontier.

Solution (c)

Explanation:

• The Simon Commission was established under the leadership of Sir John Simon to investigate the functioning of India’s constitutional system and make recommendations for changes. It was officially known as the ‘Indian Statutory Commission’.
• It recommended the abolition of diarchy and the setting-up of representative governments in the provinces. (Hence statement 1 is correct)
• It also recommended the retention of separate communal electorates until the communal tensions had died down. (Hence statement 3 is incorrect)
• It advocated for a Federation-style structure at the center, with a ‘Council of Greater India’ representing the interests of both British India and the princely states. (Hence statement 2 is correct)
• Burma should be granted Dominion Status and be given its own Constitution.
• Sindh will be split from Bombay, and Burma will be split from India. (Hence statement 4 is correct).

Solution (c)

Explanation:

• The National Planning Committee was appointed in 1938 by the Congress President Subhas Chandra Bose. It was set up under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru in order to draw up a development plan for free India. (Hence statement 1 is correct.)
• Bhagat Singh helped in establishing the Punjab Naujawan Bharat Sabha in 1926 and became its founding Secretary. The Sabha was to carry out open political work among the youth, peasants and workers. It was to open branches in the villages. Nehru was not associated with this organization. (Hence statement 2 is incorrect.)
• All India States People’s Conference was founded in 1927 to coordinate political activities in the different states. Jawaharlal Nehru became the president of this organization in 1939. (Hence 3 statement is correct.)

Solution (b)

Explanation:

Major Recommendations of Nehru Report:

• Nehru Report demanded Dominion status for India (like Canada, Australia, etc.) within the British Commonwealth. (This point was a bone of contention with the younger set of leaders including Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose who favored complete independence. (Hence statement 2 is incorrect)
• Nineteen fundamental rights including the right to vote for men and women above 21 years of age, unless disqualified. (Hence statement 1 is correct)
• Equal rights for men and women as citizens.
• No separate electorates for any community. It did provide for reservation of minority seats. (Hence statement 3 is correct)
• A proposal for the creation of a Supreme Court.
• The provinces would be created along linguistic lines. (Hence statement 4 is correct)

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• Moplahs are the Muslim peasant of the Malabar region. Moplah rebellion was started in the year 1921. It was an anti-Hindu movement, anti Zamindar as well as anti-British movement. (Hence statement 1 is correct)
• It was led by Variyamkunnath Kunjahammed Haji. (Hence statement 2 is incorrect)
• After the death of Tipu Sultan in 1799 in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, Malabar came under British authority as part of the Madras Presidency. The British set out to restore ownership rights to the Jenmis who had earlier fled the region. Jenmis were now given absolute ownership rights of the land which was not the case previously. The peasants were now facing high rents and a lack of security of tenure. So that the peasants start rebellion against Jenmis.
• In November 1921, 67 Moplah prisoners were killed when they were being transported in a closed freight wagon from Tirur to the Central Prison in Podanur. They died of suffocation. This event is called the Wagon Tragedy. (Hence statement 3 is correct)

Solution (d)

Explanation:

• Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi On April 6, 1930, the Civil Disobedience Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi who picked up some amount of salt in his hands soon after the Dandi March was completed. Hence, he broke the salt law that had been implemented by the government earlier. He too inspired the other Indians to come forward and cooperate with him against the struggle for freedom.
• Rajagopalachari: salt march was led by him from Trichinopoly to Vedaranniyam on the Tanjore coast in Tamil Nadu, in support of the Civil Disobedience Movement. And on April 30, 1930 he was arrested. (Hence pair 1 is correctly matched)
• In 1930, after the success of Mahatma Gandhi’s Salt Satyagraha, Karnataka decided to conduct its own. On 13 April, in the presence of about 40,000 people P. Nadakarni broke the salt law in Ankola. (Hence pair 2 is correctly matched)
• Krishna Pillai The national flag was defended by him. The lathi charge on the Calicut beach was also resisted by him on 11 November, 1930. The Kerala Communist Movement was later founded by him. (Hence pair 3 is correctly matched)

Solution (b)

Explanation:

• On April 3, 1926 Lord Irwin was appointed 30th Viceroy and Governor-General of India. This was the most tumultuous period for the politics of India. During this period the important events were: Visit of Simon Commission (1928), Nehru Report (1928), Jinnah’s 14 Points, Murder of Saunders in 1929, Bomb thrown in Assembly Hall in Delhi by Bhagat Singh, Foundation of HSRA, Death of Lala Lajpat Rai, execution of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev (1931), Chittagong armory Raid (1930), Civil Disobedience Movement, Dandi March (1930), First Round Table Conference in London and Gandhi Irwin Pact, Demand for Poorna Swarajya in Lahore session.
• First Round Table Conference (November 1930 – January 1931) The Round Table Conference officially inaugurated by His Majesty George V on November 12, 1930 in Royal Gallery House of Lords at London and chaired by the Prime Minister.
• The Communal Award was created by the British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald on 16 August 1932. Also known as the MacDonald Award, it was announced after the Round Table Conference (1930–32) and extended the separate electorate to depressed Classes (now known as the Scheduled Caste) and other minorities.
• The Anti- Untouchability league is also known as Harijan Sevak Sangh. It was set up by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, while he was imprisoned, on 30th October 1932.

Solution (d)

Explanation:

• In 1938, Subhash Chandra Bose unanimously won the presidential election of Congress in Haripura Session. Hence Haripura session was the first session that he presided. (Hence statement 1 is incorrect).
• Subhash Chandra Bose established the National Planning Committee in 1938 at Haripura Session under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru with the goal of setting up an economic plan with the core goal of ensuring a sufficient standard of living for the masses. (Hence statement 2 is incorrect).

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• In 1942, a mission, called Cripps Mission, named after Sir Stafford Cripps was sent to India by British Prime Minister Churchill. It aimed to obtain Indian cooperation for the British war efforts. The main proposal of the Cripps Mission was the formation of an Indian Union with dominion status and the right to secede from the British Commonwealth. For the first time, the British government acknowledged India as a political equal. (Hence statements 1 and 4 are correct).

Solution (c)

Explanation

• Usha Mehta (25 March 1920 – 11 August 2000) was a Gandhian and freedom fighter of India.
• In 1928, eight-year-old Usha participated in a protest march against the Simon Commission
• She used to mobilize friends and organize Prabhatpheris along with them dressed in national tricolour. They also used to picket liquor shops. She met Mahatma Gandhi as a young girl and took a vow to wear khadi life long
• She also began studying law, but ended her studies in 1942 to join the Quit India Movement.
• On 14 August 1942, Usha and some of her close associates began the Secret Congress Radio, a clandestine radio station. It went air on 27 August. Secret Congress Radio also kept the leaders of the freedom movement in touch with the public
• The Chittagong Bomb Raid, Jamshedpur strike and running of parallel governments in Bihar and Maharashtra were some of the major developments that the secret Radio broadcast to the masses.
• However, the police found them on 12 November 1942 and arrested the organizers, including Usha Mehta.
• All were later imprisoned at Yeravda Jail in Pune.
• In March 1946, she was released, the first political prisoner to be released in Bombay, at the orders of Morarji Desai, who was at that time the home minister in the interim government.
• She continued to spread the Gandhian ideals and was honoured with Padma Vibhushan in 1998.

Solution (b)

Explanation:

• Billiya (U.P) –           Chittupandey
• Jathiya (W.B) –           Satish Samanth
• Prati sarkar (Satara) –           B. Chowhan
• Talcher (Orissa) –           Lakshman Nayak

Solution (c)

Explanation:

The Cabinet of the Interim Government of India was composed of the following members:

• President of the Executive Council (Viceroy and Governor-General of India): Viscount Wavell (till February 1947); Lord Mountbatten (from February 1947)
• Commander-in-Chief : Sir Claude Auchinleck
• Vice President, Also in charge of External Affairs and Commonwealth Relations : Jawaharlal Nehru (INC)
• Home Affairs, Information and Broadcasting : Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (INC)
• Agriculture and Food : Rajendra Prasad (INC) (Hence pair 1 is correctly matched)
• Commerce: Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar (ML)
• Defence: Baldev Singh (INC) (Hence pair 2 is correctly matched)
• Finance: Liaquat Ali Khan (ML) (Hence pair 3 is incorrectly matched)
• Education and Arts: C Rajagopalachari (INC) (Hence pair 4 is incorrectly matched)

Solution (b)

Explanation:

• Jawaharlal Nehru along with Srinivasa Iyengar and Subhash Chandra Bose founded the Independence for India League in 1928 which put forth the demand for complete independence.
• This led to a schism in the Congress with moderate leaders forming the “Indian National Liberal Federation” in 1919. The party (INLF) was founded by Surendra Nath Banarjea and some of its prominent leaders were Tej Bahadur Sapru, V. S. Srinivasa Sastri and M. R. Jayakar.
• R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed Swaraj Party within the Congress to argue for a return of council politics. The party was formed as the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party in January 1923.
• In October 1920, M. N. Roy headed a group of Indians gathered at Tashkent to set up a Communist Party of India. The other prominent persons include Abani Mukherjee and Mohd. Ali Mohd. Shafiq.

Solution (d)

Explanation:

• Vaikom Satyagraha was a Satyagraha launched in Travancore, Kerala against the practice of untouchability in Hindu society. (Hence statement 1 is correct)
• Also, a temple entry movement took place near the Shiva Temple at Vaikom in 1924. The Satyagrahis made batches of three and entered the temple but were arrested by the police.
• To placate the Maharaja about the conditions of the depressed classes, Mahatma Gandhiji toured the state of Kerala in support of the movement. E V Ramaswami Naicker (Periyar) also came from Madurai with a jatha to support the movement but was imprisoned. (Hence statements 2 and 4 are correct.)
• Cunningham Circular was issued in 1930 during the Civil Disobedience Movement imposing a blanket ban on any anti-British and pro-swadeshi activity by students. It is not related to the Vaikom Satyagraha. (Hence statement 3 is incorrect.)

Solution (d)

Explanation:

• Lord Irwin was the Governor-General and Viceroy of India from 3 April 1926 to 18 April 1931 and the First Round Table Conference held from November 1930- January 1931. (Hence, Statement 1 is correct)
• The Congress participated in the Second Round Table Conference only. (Hence, Statement 4 is correct)
• Mirza Ismail, B.R. Ambedkar and Tej Bahadur Sapru took part in all the three round table conferences. (Hence, Statement 3 is correct)
• The Second Round Conference opened on September 7, 1931. Gandhi represented Indian National Congress, V.V. Giri represented Labours and Sarojini Naidu represented Indian women. (Hence, Statement 2 is correct)

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• The Hartog Commission was appointed by Viceroy Lord Irwin. The Hartog Commission was appointed in 1929 to survey on the growth of education in India. (Hence statement 1 is correct)
• Chaired by Phillip Hartog, to prepare a report on education. The increased number of schools and colleges had resulted in a decline in educational standards. The Hartog Committee was formed to report on educational development. (Hence statement 2 is Incorrect)
• The commission was named for its chairman, Sir Colin Campbell Scott-Moncrieff, who in 1903 recommended measures for the irrigation of an additional 10,200 square miles (26,400 square km) beyond the roughly 30,000 square miles (78,000 square km) already irrigated.

Solution(d)

Explanation:

• Separation of Burma from India. Burma got separated from India according to the provision of Government of India Act, 1935. Other provisions under the act included the carving out of Sindh from Bombay Presidency. Bihar and Orissa were also separated. (Hence statement 2 is correct)
• Abolition of provincial dyarchy and introduction of dyarchy at the centre. (Hence statement 1 is correct)
• Abolition of the Indian Council and introduction of an advisory body in its place
• Provided for the establishment of a Federal Court to interpret the Act adjudicate disputes relating to federal matters (Hence statement 3 is correct)
• Provision for an All India Federation with British India territories and princely states.
• Elaborate safeguards and protective instruments for minorities.
• The supremacy of the British Parliament
• Increase in the size of legislatures, an extension of the franchise, division of subjects into three lists, and retention of the communal electorate

Solution (b)

Explanation:

• Potassium iodide (KI) tablets, or anti-radiation pills, are known to provide some protection in cases of radiation exposure. They contain non-radioactive iodine and can help block absorption, and subsequent concentration, of radioactive iodine in the thyroid gland.
• The thyroid gland, which uses iodine to produce hormones to regulate the body’s metabolism, has no way of telling radioactive from non-radioactive iodine. Potassium iodide (KI) tablets rely on this to achieve ‘thyroid blocking’.KI pills taken a few hours before or soon after radiation exposure ensure that non-radioactive iodine in the medicine is absorbed quickly to make the thyroid “full”

Source: CLICK HERE

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• It aims to achieve the goal of universal proficiency in foundational literacy and numeracy for every child by the end of Grade 3, by 2026-27, as envisaged by National Education Policy 2020.
• A five-tier implementation mechanism will be set up at the National- State- District- Block- School level in all States and UTs, under the aegis of the centrally sponsored scheme of Samagra Shiksha

Source: CLICK HERE

Solution (c)

Explanation:

• Chittaranjan Das was the President of the Gaya Session of the Indian National Congress held in 1922.
• Took part in programs of non-cooperation and especially the call for use of Swadeshi goods instead of foreign imports. In 1940, he was chosen as the first Individual Satyagrahi (an Individual standing up for Truth instead of a collective action) against British Raj by Gandhi in India.
• The Bhoodan movement (Land Gift movement), also known as the Bloodless Revolution, was a voluntary land reform movement in India. It was initiated by Gandhian Vinoba Bhave in 1951 at Pochampally village, Pochampally.

Source: CLICK HERE

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• It is located in the Ladakhi Changthang Plateau in the Leh
• It boasts of the highest lake on earth, Tso Moriri. It is also believed to include the world’s highest village, Korzok Village that draws tourists for the Korzok Monastery.
• From sighting the rare snow leopard, one can also spot a kiang or a wild ass, along with the dark-necked crane. Other species found here are the Tibetan wolf, wild yak, bharal, brown bear and the marmot that seems to be present everywhere.

Source: CLICK HERE

Solution (c)

Explanation:

Exercise Kakadu is a joint-enabled, biennial exercise hosted by the Royal Australian Navy and supported by the Royal Australian Air Force. Kakadu is the Navy’s premier maritime exercise, developing interoperability between nations in the maritime and air domains, and providing training opportunities for maritime security and surveillance. It started in 1993.

Source: CLICK HERE

Solution (d)

Explanation:

Number of small triangles = 8

Number of triangles formed by 2 triangles = 2

Number of triangles formed by 2 triangles and one trapezium = 2

Number of larger triangles = 2

Therefore, total number of triangles = 14

Solution (b)

Explanation:

Number of small triangles = (AEF, AEG, GDH, CFH), (IEK, IFL, JLH, JKG), (IOK, IOL, JOL, KOJ)

Number of big triangles = IKL, JKL, IJK, IJL

Thus, total triangles = 16

Solution (c)

Explanation:

The total squares is in the give figure is 1²+2²+3²+4²=30

Solution (c)

Explanation:

Triangles: The simplest triangles are IJQ, JKQ, KLQ, LMQ, MNQ, NOQ, OPQ and PIQ i.e. 8 in number. The triangles composed of two components each are ABQ, BCQ, CDQ, DEQ, EFQ, FGQ, GHQ, HAQ, IKQ, KMQ, MOQ and OIQ i.e. 12 in number. The triangles composed of four components each are ACQ, CEQ, EGQ, GAQ, IKM, KMO, MOI and OIK i.e. 8 in number. The triangles composed of eight components each are ACE, CEG, EGA and GAC i.e. 4 in number. Total number of triangles in the figure = 8 + 12 + 8 + 4 = 32.

Squares: The squares composed of two components each are IJQP, JKLQ, QLMN and PQNO i.e. 4 in number. The squares composed of four components each are ABQH, BCDQ, QDEF and HQFG i.e. 4 in number. There is only one square i.e. IKMO composed of eight components. There is only one square i.e. ACEG composed of sixteen components. Thus, there are 4 + 4 + 1 + 1= 10 squares in the given figure.

Solution (c)

Explanation:

The first lime of the passage itself tells the theme of the passage which is the challenges

faced by the manufacturers of CPG

Hence option c is the correct answer.