Ethics Theory, TLP-UPSC Mains Answer Writing
Q. 5. “Public servants often face conflicts between political pressure and ethical governance.” Illustrate with real-world cases and suggest ways to strengthen probity in decision-making. (150 words, 10 marks)
Introduction
Public servants are expected to act impartially and uphold public interest. However, political interference often creates ethical dilemmas that challenge their integrity and decision-making autonomy, weakening the foundation of good governance.
Body
How Political Pressure Challenges Ethical Governance
These conflicts manifest in various forms, ranging from undue influence in appointments to misuse of administrative machinery. Real-world cases highlight how ethical standards are compromised under pressure.
- Manipulation of Transfers and Postings: Honest officers are frequently transferred for resisting unethical demands.
Example: Rohini Sindhuri was transferred multiple times in Karnataka for standing up against illegal land deals. - Suppression of Dissent: Officers who object to irregularities often face harassment.
Example: Durga Shakti Nagpal was suspended in UP after acting against the sand mafia. - Politicisation of Law Enforcement: Pressure to target or shield individuals based on political allegiance.
Example: In Maharashtra, officers were accused of facing political pressure in the handling of high-profile cases like the Antilia bomb scare. - Distortion of Policy Implementation: Political leaders may push schemes for electoral gains, ignoring bureaucratic advice.
Example: In Andhra Pradesh, officials faced pressure to expedite housing projects before elections despite budgetary constraints.
Ways to Strengthen Probity in Decision-Making
Strengthening institutional integrity and officer autonomy is essential to ensure ethical conduct even under political influence.
- Civil Service Board Autonomy: Ensure merit-based postings and transfers through independent boards as recommended by the Supreme Court (S.R. Subramanian case).
- Whistleblower Protection: Strengthen the Whistle Blowers Protection Act and provide timely redressal and security.
- Mandatory Disclosures: Officers should regularly file asset declarations and decision logs to promote transparency.
- Training in Ethics and Integrity: Regular modules at LBSNAA and state academies must simulate real ethical dilemmas and responses.
Conclusion
Probity in public service is the cornerstone of democratic governance. As formerCAG Vinod Rai said, “The system will only be clean when individuals within it commit to integrity.” Upholding ethical governance requires both personal courage and systemic reform.
