Part of: GS Prelims and GS -II – Education; Policies and Interventions
In news
The Ministry of Education has developed an online module for compiling out-of-school (due to Covid-19 pandemic) children’s data identified by each State/UT.
The collected data will be mapped with special training centres on the PRABANDH portal of Samagra Shiksha.
About the Module
Through the module, the government will facilitate age-appropriate admissions of children in the age group of 6-14 years.
For out of school children in the 16-18 years age group, financial assistance will be provided in the session 2021-22.
About PRABANDH Portal
PRABANDH (PRoject Appraisal, Budgeting, Achievements and Data Handling System) is a step towards utilising technology to increase efficiency and manage the implementation.
It will enable transparency and accuracy.
Samagra Shiksha:
It is an integrated scheme for school education extending from pre-school to class XII
Objective: To ensure inclusive and equitable quality education at all levels of school education.
It subsumes the three Schemes: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) and Teacher Education (TE).
Main emphasis: Improving the quality of school education by focussing on the two T’s – Teacher and Technology.
Part of: GS Prelims and GS -II – Health; International relations
In news
The Union Health Minister addressed the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on prevention of HIV/AIDS.
The Resolution 75/260 of UNGA deals with the Implementation of the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS and the political declarations on HIV/AIDS.
Key points of address
India’s unique HIV prevention model is centered around the concept of ‘Social Contracting’ through which the ‘Targeted Interventions Program’ is implemented.
The HIV & AIDS Prevention and Control Act, 2017, provides a legal and enabling framework to safeguard the human rights of infected and affected populations.
India is providing free anti-retro-viral treatment to close to 1.4 million people.
Other initiatives
Project Sunrise: Launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (2016) to tackle the rising HIV prevalence in north-eastern states
The Red Ribbon: Wearing a ribbon is a way to raise awareness on and during the run up to World AIDS Day.
90-90-90: 90% of those who are HIV positive in India know their status, 90% of those who know their status are on treatment and 90% of those who are on treatment experience effective viral load suppression.
Part of: GS Prelims and GS -III – International relations
In news
Recently, the USA’s President and UK’s Prime Minister signed a new version of the 80-year old Atlantic Charter.
The Atlantic Charter was a joint declaration released by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill on 14th August, 1941 during World War II in Newfoundland.
New Atlantic Charter (2021)
The new charter is an effort towards a grand vision of global relationships of democracy and territorial integrity.
It is a statement of a promise that the UK and the US would meet the challenges of today’s world.
It calls for both countries to adhere to the rules-based international order.
It also focuses on climate change and biodiversity.
It also highlights emerging technologies, cyberspace and sustainable global development.
It calls on Western allies to oppose interference through disinformation or other malign influences, including in elections.
It vows that as long as there are nuclear weapons, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) will remain a nuclear alliance.
After remaining stagnant for the past three years, the export of agriculture and allied products during 2020-21 jumped to $ 41.25 billion, indicating an increase of 17.34%.
Largest markets for India’s agriculture products: USA, China, Bangladesh, UAE, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Nepal, Iran and Malaysia.
The organic exports during 2020-21 registered a growth of 50.94%.
Organic exports include: Oil cake/ meals, oil seeds, cereals and millets, spices and condiments, tea, medicinal plant products, dry fruits, sugar, pulses, coffee etc.
The growth is attributed mainly to:
Opportunities offered due to Covid-19 offered like sharp rise in global commodity prices.
Various programmes emerging from Agriculture Export Policy, 2018
Improved market access: India has recently gained market access for pomegranate in Australia; mango and basmati rice in Argentina
Capturing of new markets in foriegn countries
Adherence to European Union norms
GI tag to domestic products for recognition in international market
Miscellaneous
EnVision MISSION
European Space Agency (ESA) announced that it has selected EnVision as its next orbiter that will visit Venus sometime in the 2030s.
Once launched on an Ariane 6 rocket, the spacecraft will take about 15 months to reach Venus and will take 16 more months to achieve orbit circularisation.
The spacecraft will carry a range of instruments to study the planet’s atmosphere and surface, monitor trace gases in the atmosphere and analyse its surface composition.
A radar provided by NASA will help to image and map the surface.
Core of the ESA’s mission will be to find out how Earth and Venus evolved so differently from each other considering that they are roughly of the same size and composition.
Recently, NASA has selected two missions – DAVINCI+ and VERITASto the planet Venus.
Context: The fact that India faced a severe second wave of infections, which overwhelmed the health infrastructure, has underlined the importance of preparing well for the third wave.
Here are five things that must be done to reduce the impact of a possible third wave of Covid-19 infections.
Increase Vaccination Pace
The pace of vaccinations will matter the most in determining whether or not there is a nation-wide third wave.
Therefore, government needs to increase the pace of vaccination.
Testing facilities need to be expanded
Testing in time and isolating infected patients is the key to containment of Covid-19 infections.
31 out of the 735 districts in the country had no sample collection centre. 99 had just one collection centre. Clearly, this needs to change, if the pandemic has to be monitored better
People, especially the poor, need to be encouraged to seek medical advice
Lack of health facilities in proximity and affordability are reasons for not seeking medical advice among the poor.
One of the biggest reason for not taking medical advice for treatment across classes is the ailment not being considered serious.
There needs to be behavioural change when it comes to suspected patients seeking early testing and treatment as Covid-19 begins with common symptoms such as fever and cold.
Acknowledge the financial burden of Covid-19 hospital admissions
An average Covid-19 hospitalisation case is likely to cost much more than ₹50,000.
Providing certain help from government side like soft loans from banks for COVID hospitalisation expenses will go a long way in preparing for third wave.
Expanding health insurance cover will help
Over three-fourth of hospitalisation cases in India involved individuals who were not covered by a health expenditure insurance or scheme, according to the 2017-18 NSO survey.
Polar-Areas Stellar-Imaging in Polarisation High-Accuracy Experiment (PASIPHAE) is an international collaborative sky surveying project.
The project has been funded by the world’s leading institutions from USA, Norway, South Africa and Private foundations.
Scientists aim to study the polarisation in the light coming from millions of stars.
The survey will use two high-tech optical polarimeters to observe the northern and southern skies, simultaneously.
It will focus on capturing starlight polarisation of very faint stars that are so far away that polarisation signals from there have not been systematically studied.
The distances to these stars will be obtained from measurements of the GAIA satellite (of European Space Agency)
By combining these data, astronomers can create a 3-Dimensional model of the distribution of the dust and magnetic field structure of the galaxy using a novel polarimeter instrument known as WALOP (Wide Area Linear Optical Polarimeter).
What is WALOP?
Wide Area Linear Optical Polarimeter (WALOP) is an instrument, when mounted on two small optical telescopes, that will be used to detect polarised light signals emerging from the stars along high galactic latitudes.
A WALOP each will be mounted on the 1.3-metre Skinakas Observatory, Crete (Greek islands), and on the 1-metre telescope of the South African Astronomical Observatory located in Sutherland.
Once built, they will be unique instruments offering the widest ever field of view of the sky in polarimetry.In simple terms, the images will simultaneously have the finest of details of a star along with its panoramic background.
200 kg weighing WALOP will be capable of observing hundreds of stars concurrently present both in the northern and the southern skies
Why is PASIPHAE important?
Since its birth about 14 billion years ago, the universe has been constantly expanding, as evidenced by the presence of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation which fills the universe.
Immediately after its birth, the universe went through a short inflationary phase during which it expanded at a very high rate, before it slowed down and reached the current rate.
However, so far, there have only been theories and indirect evidence of inflation associated with the early universe.
A definitive consequence of the inflationary phase is that a tiny fraction of the CMB radiation should have its imprints in the form of a specific kind of polarisation (known scientifically as B-mode signal).
All previous attempts to detect this signal met with failure mainly due to the difficulty posed by our galaxy, the Milky Way, which emits copious amounts of polarised radiation.
Besides, it contains a lot of dust clouds that are present in the form of clusters. When starlight passes through these dust clouds, they get scattered and polarised.
It is like trying to see faint stars in the sky during daytime. The galactic emission is so bright that the polarisation signal of CMB radiation is lost.
The mysteries surrounding the origin of the universe can be unravelled with the help of insights provided by PASIPHAE
