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The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2023 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2022.
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Consider the following statements about Swami Dayanand Saraswati
How many of the above statements are not correct?
Solution (a)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
| He was against idolatry, rituals and priesthood, and attacked child marriages and the caste system based on birth; encouraged inter-caste marriages and widow marriages. | He considered the Puranas to be full of falsehood. | Swami Dayanand Saraswati considered the Vedas as eternal and infallible. |
Solution (a)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Incorrect |
| He was against idolatry, rituals and priesthood, and attacked child marriages and the caste system based on birth; encouraged inter-caste marriages and widow marriages. | He considered the Puranas to be full of falsehood. | Swami Dayanand Saraswati considered the Vedas as eternal and infallible. |
Consider the following statements about ‘Prarthana Samaj’
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (a)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
| There was a four- point social agenda of Prarthana Samaj: (i) disapproval of caste system, (ii) women’s education, (iii) widow remarriage, and (iv) raising the age of marriage for both males and females. | The members were all Hindus and remained so throughout. They wanted to reform the religion from within. They were only against the social evils prevalent then like child marriage, widow suppression, dowry, sati, untouchability, etc. and not against the religion per se. | The Prarthana Samaj had its prominent leaders – Mahadeo Govind Ranade and R.G. Bhandarkar.
Debendranath Tagore was involved with Brahma Samaj. |
Notes:
Prarthana Samaj –
Solution (a)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect |
| There was a four- point social agenda of Prarthana Samaj: (i) disapproval of caste system, (ii) women’s education, (iii) widow remarriage, and (iv) raising the age of marriage for both males and females. | The members were all Hindus and remained so throughout. They wanted to reform the religion from within. They were only against the social evils prevalent then like child marriage, widow suppression, dowry, sati, untouchability, etc. and not against the religion per se. | The Prarthana Samaj had its prominent leaders – Mahadeo Govind Ranade and R.G. Bhandarkar.
Debendranath Tagore was involved with Brahma Samaj. |
Notes:
Prarthana Samaj –
Consider the following statements:
Which of the following personalities is being described by the statements given above?
Solution (a)
| a) | b) | c) | d) |
| Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect |
| Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar:
He was an Indian educator and social reformer. Vidyasagar championed the upliftment of the status of women in India, particularly in his native Bengal. Unlike some other reformers who sought to set up alternative societies or systems, he sought to transform society from within. He was the most prominent campaigner for Hindu widow remarriage and petitioned the Legislative council despite severe opposition and a counter-petition against the proposal with nearly four times more signatures by Radhakanta Deb and the Dharma Sabha. He was the principal of the Sanskrit College and opposed the monopoly of Sanskrit only to upper castes. |
David Hare:
He was a Scottish watchmaker and philanthropist in Bengal, India. He founded many educational institutions in Calcutta such as the Hindu School, and Hare School, and helped in founding Presidency College. David Hare was instrumental in establishing the School Book Society on 6 May 1817. It took the initiative to print and publish textbooks in both English and Bengali. This society contributed substantially to the flowering of the Bengal Renaissance. |
Karsondas Mulji:
He was a Gujarati language journalist, writer, and social reformer from India. He became a vernacular schoolmaster and started Satyaprakash, a weekly in Gujarati, in which he attacked what he perceived to be the immoralities of the Maharajas or hereditary high priests. |
Sir Raja Radhakanta Deb Bahadur:
He was a scholar and a leader of the Calcutta conservative Hindu society. An accomplished scholar, Radhakanta was proficient in Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic. He published Shabda Kalpadruma, a Sanskrit language dictionary. Radhakanta Deb always showed a marked interest in promoting education, particularly English education among the Hindus; he also advocated female education. Radhakanta Deb was actively involved in the establishment and activities of the Calcutta School Book Society in 1817 and the Calcutta School Society in 1818. Despite his contribution to the cause of education, he was a strong upholder of social conservatism. Although sati was not practiced in his own family, he came forward to defend the custom when the Government contemplated its abolition. |
Solution (a)
| a) | b) | c) | d) |
| Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect | Incorrect |
| Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar:
He was an Indian educator and social reformer. Vidyasagar championed the upliftment of the status of women in India, particularly in his native Bengal. Unlike some other reformers who sought to set up alternative societies or systems, he sought to transform society from within. He was the most prominent campaigner for Hindu widow remarriage and petitioned the Legislative council despite severe opposition and a counter-petition against the proposal with nearly four times more signatures by Radhakanta Deb and the Dharma Sabha. He was the principal of the Sanskrit College and opposed the monopoly of Sanskrit only to upper castes. |
David Hare:
He was a Scottish watchmaker and philanthropist in Bengal, India. He founded many educational institutions in Calcutta such as the Hindu School, and Hare School, and helped in founding Presidency College. David Hare was instrumental in establishing the School Book Society on 6 May 1817. It took the initiative to print and publish textbooks in both English and Bengali. This society contributed substantially to the flowering of the Bengal Renaissance. |
Karsondas Mulji:
He was a Gujarati language journalist, writer, and social reformer from India. He became a vernacular schoolmaster and started Satyaprakash, a weekly in Gujarati, in which he attacked what he perceived to be the immoralities of the Maharajas or hereditary high priests. |
Sir Raja Radhakanta Deb Bahadur:
He was a scholar and a leader of the Calcutta conservative Hindu society. An accomplished scholar, Radhakanta was proficient in Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic. He published Shabda Kalpadruma, a Sanskrit language dictionary. Radhakanta Deb always showed a marked interest in promoting education, particularly English education among the Hindus; he also advocated female education. Radhakanta Deb was actively involved in the establishment and activities of the Calcutta School Book Society in 1817 and the Calcutta School Society in 1818. Despite his contribution to the cause of education, he was a strong upholder of social conservatism. Although sati was not practiced in his own family, he came forward to defend the custom when the Government contemplated its abolition. |
Consider the following statements:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| The Aravipuram Movement in 1888 was started by Shri Narayan Guru and was for temple entry for the lower castes. | Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha was founded by Dr. B. R Ambedkar in 1929 in Bombay to promote Social Equality and for Constitutional safeguards for the depressed classes. | Harijan Sevak Sangh in 1932 was founded by Mahatma Gandhi at Pune for the removal of untouchability. |
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| The Aravipuram Movement in 1888 was started by Shri Narayan Guru and was for temple entry for the lower castes. | Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha was founded by Dr. B. R Ambedkar in 1929 in Bombay to promote Social Equality and for Constitutional safeguards for the depressed classes. | Harijan Sevak Sangh in 1932 was founded by Mahatma Gandhi at Pune for the removal of untouchability. |
Which of the following features are associated with Arya Samaj?
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| In the zeal of Protecting the hindu Society from the Onslaught of Christianity and Islam, Araya samaj started Shudhhi movement.
|
Dayanand launched a frontal attack on Hindu Orthodoxy, caste rigidities, untouchability, idolatry, polytheism, belief in magic, charms and animal sacrifices, taboo on sea voyages etc. | Dayanand’s Vision of India included a casteless and classless society. |
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| In the zeal of Protecting the hindu Society from the Onslaught of Christianity and Islam, Araya samaj started Shudhhi movement.
|
Dayanand launched a frontal attack on Hindu Orthodoxy, caste rigidities, untouchability, idolatry, polytheism, belief in magic, charms and animal sacrifices, taboo on sea voyages etc. | Dayanand’s Vision of India included a casteless and classless society. |
Consider the following statements regarding Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (a)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect |
| The association had for its object ―the regeneration of the social condition of the Parsis and the restoration of the Zoroastrian religion to its pristine purity. | Education as the driving force of social reform was its prime objective. The Sabha campaigned ardently for the education of Parsi priests and for the spread of Western education among the Parsis, including girls. Through its efforts, the age of marriage was increased and Parsi women achieved emancipation. The message of the reform was spread by the newspaper Rast Goftar (Truth teller). | The Western-educated progressive Parsis like Dadabhai Naoroji, J.B. Wacha, S.S. Bangali and Naoroji Furdonji founded the Rahanumai Mazdayasanan Sabha (Religious Reform Association) in 1851.
|
Note:
Hitavada began to be published in the year 1911 to project the views of the Servants of India Society, founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905 with the help of MG Ranade.
Solution (a)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect |
| The association had for its object ―the regeneration of the social condition of the Parsis and the restoration of the Zoroastrian religion to its pristine purity. | Education as the driving force of social reform was its prime objective. The Sabha campaigned ardently for the education of Parsi priests and for the spread of Western education among the Parsis, including girls. Through its efforts, the age of marriage was increased and Parsi women achieved emancipation. The message of the reform was spread by the newspaper Rast Goftar (Truth teller). | The Western-educated progressive Parsis like Dadabhai Naoroji, J.B. Wacha, S.S. Bangali and Naoroji Furdonji founded the Rahanumai Mazdayasanan Sabha (Religious Reform Association) in 1851.
|
Note:
Hitavada began to be published in the year 1911 to project the views of the Servants of India Society, founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905 with the help of MG Ranade.
With regard to the Brahmo Samajists, consider the following statements:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| Brahmo Samajists have no faith in any scripture as an authority. | Brahmo Samajists denounce polytheism and idol-worship. | Brahmo Samajists are against caste restrictions. |
Brahmo Samaj:
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| Brahmo Samajists have no faith in any scripture as an authority. | Brahmo Samajists denounce polytheism and idol-worship. | Brahmo Samajists are against caste restrictions. |
Brahmo Samaj:
With regard to Ahmadiyya Movement, consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Correct | Correct |
| The Ahmadiyya Movement forms a sect of Islam which originated from India. It was founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Punjab in 1889. | The Ahmadiyya Movement was based on liberal principles. It described itself as the standard-bearer of Mohammedan Renaissance, and based itself on the principles of universal religion of all humanity, opposing jihad (sacred war against non-Muslims). |
Ahmadiyya Movement:
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Correct | Correct |
| The Ahmadiyya Movement forms a sect of Islam which originated from India. It was founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Punjab in 1889. | The Ahmadiyya Movement was based on liberal principles. It described itself as the standard-bearer of Mohammedan Renaissance, and based itself on the principles of universal religion of all humanity, opposing jihad (sacred war against non-Muslims). |
Ahmadiyya Movement:
With regard to Faraizi Movement, consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Correct | Correct |
| Faraizi Movement developed among the peasants of Eastern Bengal, under the leadership of Haji Shariatullah. It was indigenous in origin and sought to purify Islam by purging all un-Islamic beliefs and practices. | Haji Shariatullah through the movement tried to establish a parallel government to the British. He even organized a small army which attacked the Zamindars and European Indigo planters. |
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Correct | Correct |
| Faraizi Movement developed among the peasants of Eastern Bengal, under the leadership of Haji Shariatullah. It was indigenous in origin and sought to purify Islam by purging all un-Islamic beliefs and practices. | Haji Shariatullah through the movement tried to establish a parallel government to the British. He even organized a small army which attacked the Zamindars and European Indigo planters. |
Consider the following statements regarding Social and Religious reform movement:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
| Lala Lajpat Rai was one of the members of Arya Samaj and he never opposed the appeal of Arya Samaj to the authority of Vedas in support of its social reform program. | The Brahmo Samaj experienced another phase of energy and vigour when Keshab Chandra Sen was made the acharya by Debendranath Tagore soon after the former joined the Samaj in 1858. His views against the caste system, even open support to inter-caste marriages were echoed in Samaj’s meetings. | Vinoba founded Sarvodaya Samaj after assassination of Gandhi in 1948 which actively worked for refugees. |
Solution (b)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
| Lala Lajpat Rai was one of the members of Arya Samaj and he never opposed the appeal of Arya Samaj to the authority of Vedas in support of its social reform program. | The Brahmo Samaj experienced another phase of energy and vigour when Keshab Chandra Sen was made the acharya by Debendranath Tagore soon after the former joined the Samaj in 1858. His views against the caste system, even open support to inter-caste marriages were echoed in Samaj’s meetings. | Vinoba founded Sarvodaya Samaj after assassination of Gandhi in 1948 which actively worked for refugees. |
With reference to the Theosophical society, which of the following statements is/are correct?
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Solution (b)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Incorrect | Correct |
| The theosophical society was founded by Madame H.P. Blavatsky and Colonel M.S. Olcott in New York City, United States in 1875.
Annie Besant was a member of the society. She was elected as its president after the death of Olcott in 1907. |
The society believed that a special relationship could be established between a person’s soul and God by contemplation, prayer, revelation, etc. It accepted the Hindu beliefs in reincarnation and karma, and drew inspiration from the philosophy of the Upanishads and Samkhya, Yoga and Vedanta schools of thought. |
Solution (b)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Incorrect | Correct |
| The theosophical society was founded by Madame H.P. Blavatsky and Colonel M.S. Olcott in New York City, United States in 1875.
Annie Besant was a member of the society. She was elected as its president after the death of Olcott in 1907. |
The society believed that a special relationship could be established between a person’s soul and God by contemplation, prayer, revelation, etc. It accepted the Hindu beliefs in reincarnation and karma, and drew inspiration from the philosophy of the Upanishads and Samkhya, Yoga and Vedanta schools of thought. |
Consider the following pairs:
Personality Movement
How many of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| Vishnushastri Pandit was born in 1827 at Badhava at Satara District. He worked as a translator in the British government. He became very active in Widow Marriage [Vidhava Vivah] Movement. On 28 January 1866, Vishnushastri, inspired by Phule’s movement opened an institution to promote widow remarriage. The institution (a society) was known as Punar Vivahtojak Mandal or Widow Remarriage Association. | The Tattwabodhinī Sabhā was a group started in Calcutta on 6 October 1839 as a splinter group of the Brahmo Samaj, reformers of Hinduism and Indian Society. The founding member was Debendranath Tagore, previously of the Brahmo Samaj, eldest son of influential entrepreneur Dwarkanath Tagore, and eventually father to renowned polymath Rabindranath Tagore. In 1859, the Tattwabodhinī Sabhā was dissolved back into the Brāhmo Samāj by Debendranath Tagore. | Nowrozjee Furdoonjee and Dadabhai Naoroji founded the Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha and did considerable efforts for the purification of the Zoroastrian religion which was being prejudiced by Hindu elements like child marriages, polygamy, separate dining of men and women, and the use of nirang for sterilizing customs. In 1855 the Parsi Law Association was organized at a public meeting attended by 3,000 Parsis with Maneckji Nusserwanji Petit, Furdoonjee, Sorobjee, and Dadabhai Nauroji as founding members. They were in charge later for the introduction of a uniform system of Parsi laws. All such important agenda was discussed in the Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabhas. |
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| Vishnushastri Pandit was born in 1827 at Badhava at Satara District. He worked as a translator in the British government. He became very active in Widow Marriage [Vidhava Vivah] Movement. On 28 January 1866, Vishnushastri, inspired by Phule’s movement opened an institution to promote widow remarriage. The institution (a society) was known as Punar Vivahtojak Mandal or Widow Remarriage Association. | The Tattwabodhinī Sabhā was a group started in Calcutta on 6 October 1839 as a splinter group of the Brahmo Samaj, reformers of Hinduism and Indian Society. The founding member was Debendranath Tagore, previously of the Brahmo Samaj, eldest son of influential entrepreneur Dwarkanath Tagore, and eventually father to renowned polymath Rabindranath Tagore. In 1859, the Tattwabodhinī Sabhā was dissolved back into the Brāhmo Samāj by Debendranath Tagore. | Nowrozjee Furdoonjee and Dadabhai Naoroji founded the Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha and did considerable efforts for the purification of the Zoroastrian religion which was being prejudiced by Hindu elements like child marriages, polygamy, separate dining of men and women, and the use of nirang for sterilizing customs. In 1855 the Parsi Law Association was organized at a public meeting attended by 3,000 Parsis with Maneckji Nusserwanji Petit, Furdoonjee, Sorobjee, and Dadabhai Nauroji as founding members. They were in charge later for the introduction of a uniform system of Parsi laws. All such important agenda was discussed in the Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabhas. |
Consider the following statements:
How many of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| Debendranath Tagore (1817-1905), father of Rabindranath Tagore and a product of the best in traditional Indian learning and Western thought, gave a new life to Brahmo Samaj and a definite form and shape to the theist movement, when he joined the Samaj in 1842. | Tattvabodhini Sabha (founded in 1839) which, along with its organ Tattvabodhini Patrika in Bengali, was devoted to the systematic study of India’s past with a rational outlook and to the propagation of Rammohan’s ideas. | Kandukuri Veeresalingam was one among them, deeply influenced by Keshab Chandra Sen. |
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| Debendranath Tagore (1817-1905), father of Rabindranath Tagore and a product of the best in traditional Indian learning and Western thought, gave a new life to Brahmo Samaj and a definite form and shape to the theist movement, when he joined the Samaj in 1842. | Tattvabodhini Sabha (founded in 1839) which, along with its organ Tattvabodhini Patrika in Bengali, was devoted to the systematic study of India’s past with a rational outlook and to the propagation of Rammohan’s ideas. | Kandukuri Veeresalingam was one among them, deeply influenced by Keshab Chandra Sen. |
Which of the following social reforms were undertaken by the British prior to 1857?
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Solution (b)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 | Statement 5 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
| The British administration was urged to take steps to ameliorate the conditions of slaves and to ultimately abolish slavery. Slavery was abolished in 1843. | Suppression of Thugs (1830). | Social reforms including abolition of female infanticide and human sacrifice had undertaken by Lord Hardinge I in 1844-1848. | In 1955, the government passed the Anti-Untouchability Law, making the practice of untouchability punishable and a cognizable offence. | Widow remarriage had legalized in Widow Remarriage Act (1856). |
Solution (b)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 | Statement 4 | Statement 5 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
| The British administration was urged to take steps to ameliorate the conditions of slaves and to ultimately abolish slavery. Slavery was abolished in 1843. | Suppression of Thugs (1830). | Social reforms including abolition of female infanticide and human sacrifice had undertaken by Lord Hardinge I in 1844-1848. | In 1955, the government passed the Anti-Untouchability Law, making the practice of untouchability punishable and a cognizable offence. | Widow remarriage had legalized in Widow Remarriage Act (1856). |
With reference to the Wahabi movement, consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Correct | Correct |
| The Wahabi movement by Shah Walliullah was essentially a revivalist movement that aimed to return to the pure Islamic society that went by the interpretations of the Quran and Hadis. | The movement was initially directed against Sikhs in Punjab but after the annexation of Punjab by the British, it was targeted against the British. The movement fizzled out in front of the British military might. |
Wahabi Movement:
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 |
| Correct | Correct |
| The Wahabi movement by Shah Walliullah was essentially a revivalist movement that aimed to return to the pure Islamic society that went by the interpretations of the Quran and Hadis. | The movement was initially directed against Sikhs in Punjab but after the annexation of Punjab by the British, it was targeted against the British. The movement fizzled out in front of the British military might. |
Wahabi Movement:
Which of the following were the religious reasons that led to Revolt of 1857?
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Solution (b)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
| In 1850, a new law was passed to make the conversion to Christianity easier. This law allowed an Indian who had converted to Christianity to inherit the property of his ancestors. | There was no policy to promote the converted Indians in army and government services. | English-language education was actively promoted. After 1830, the Company allowed Christian missionaries to function freely in its domain and even own land and property. |
Notes:
The Revolt of 1857 was primarily an anti-imperialist and the sepoys and the civilians wanted to throw out the imperial rulers. Broadly viewed this rebellion on an extensive scale with an object of ending the country’s alien rule appeared as a “war of independence” for some people.
To study about the factors responsible for the revolt, one can visualize that the help of political frustration, social inequality, religious beliefs and the imbalanced economy were exploded by the match stick of greased cartridges and the discontentment of the sepoys.Other religious reasons were-
Solution (b)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Correct |
| In 1850, a new law was passed to make the conversion to Christianity easier. This law allowed an Indian who had converted to Christianity to inherit the property of his ancestors. | There was no policy to promote the converted Indians in army and government services. | English-language education was actively promoted. After 1830, the Company allowed Christian missionaries to function freely in its domain and even own land and property. |
Notes:
The Revolt of 1857 was primarily an anti-imperialist and the sepoys and the civilians wanted to throw out the imperial rulers. Broadly viewed this rebellion on an extensive scale with an object of ending the country’s alien rule appeared as a “war of independence” for some people.
To study about the factors responsible for the revolt, one can visualize that the help of political frustration, social inequality, religious beliefs and the imbalanced economy were exploded by the match stick of greased cartridges and the discontentment of the sepoys.Other religious reasons were-
Which of the following were the grievances which led to the Khurda uprising of 1817?
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| Soon after taking over Khurda, British followed a policy of resuming service tenures.
It bitterly affected the lives of the ex-militia of the state, the Paiks. |
The introduction of sicca rupee (silver currency) in the region and the insistence on payment of revenue in the new currency added to the grievances of the people.
The severity of the measure was compounded on account of an unreasonable increase in the demand of revenue and also the oppressive ways of its collection. Consequently, there was large scale desertion of people from Khurda between 1805 and 1817. Yet, the British went for a series of short-term settlements, each time increasing the demands, not recognising either the productive capacity of the land or the paying capacity of the Ryots. No leniency was shown even in case of natural calamities, which Odisha was frequently prone to. Rather, lands of defaulters were sold off to scheming revenue officials or speculators from Bengal. |
An unprecedented rise in the prices of food-stuff and salt, which had become farfetched following the introduction of salt monopoly because of which the traditional salt makers of Odisha were deprived of making salt, and the auction of local estates in Calcutta, which brought in absentee landlords from Bengal to Odisha.
Besides, the insensitive and corrupt police system also made the situation worse for the armed uprising to take a sinister shape. |
Khurda Uprising of 1817:
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| Soon after taking over Khurda, British followed a policy of resuming service tenures.
It bitterly affected the lives of the ex-militia of the state, the Paiks. |
The introduction of sicca rupee (silver currency) in the region and the insistence on payment of revenue in the new currency added to the grievances of the people.
The severity of the measure was compounded on account of an unreasonable increase in the demand of revenue and also the oppressive ways of its collection. Consequently, there was large scale desertion of people from Khurda between 1805 and 1817. Yet, the British went for a series of short-term settlements, each time increasing the demands, not recognising either the productive capacity of the land or the paying capacity of the Ryots. No leniency was shown even in case of natural calamities, which Odisha was frequently prone to. Rather, lands of defaulters were sold off to scheming revenue officials or speculators from Bengal. |
An unprecedented rise in the prices of food-stuff and salt, which had become farfetched following the introduction of salt monopoly because of which the traditional salt makers of Odisha were deprived of making salt, and the auction of local estates in Calcutta, which brought in absentee landlords from Bengal to Odisha.
Besides, the insensitive and corrupt police system also made the situation worse for the armed uprising to take a sinister shape. |
Khurda Uprising of 1817:
Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding Poligars revolt?
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
| The roots of the poligars or Palayakkars date back to 14th century to the beginning of Vijayanagar empire in south India who established a unique three tier administrative system thereby creating an administrative class called the ‘ Palayakkars’.
This three-tier set up consisted of the emperor at Vijayanagar at the top of pyramid; the Nayakas or viceroys forming the second tier and the Palayakkars or polygars comprising the grassroot leaders in the hierarchy. This system allowed for an efficient revenue administration as well as created a mechanism to help raise an army, besides keeping generals, warriors, courtiers etc. |
By the 18th century While the Northern Polygars fell under the kingdom of Mysore, those in southern Tamil Nadu had to deal with the revenue demands of the British East India company. | Between 1803 and 1805, the poligars of North Arcot rose in rebellion against the company as they were deprived of their right to collect the kawal fees (Kawal or ‘watch’ was an ancient institution of Tamil Nadu. It was a hereditary village police office with specified rights and responsibilities. |
Solution (b)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Incorrect | Correct | Correct |
| The roots of the poligars or Palayakkars date back to 14th century to the beginning of Vijayanagar empire in south India who established a unique three tier administrative system thereby creating an administrative class called the ‘ Palayakkars’.
This three-tier set up consisted of the emperor at Vijayanagar at the top of pyramid; the Nayakas or viceroys forming the second tier and the Palayakkars or polygars comprising the grassroot leaders in the hierarchy. This system allowed for an efficient revenue administration as well as created a mechanism to help raise an army, besides keeping generals, warriors, courtiers etc. |
By the 18th century While the Northern Polygars fell under the kingdom of Mysore, those in southern Tamil Nadu had to deal with the revenue demands of the British East India company. | Between 1803 and 1805, the poligars of North Arcot rose in rebellion against the company as they were deprived of their right to collect the kawal fees (Kawal or ‘watch’ was an ancient institution of Tamil Nadu. It was a hereditary village police office with specified rights and responsibilities. |
Consider the following pairs:
Peasant Movement Causes
How many of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
Solution (a)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect |
| Moplah Uprisings (1836-1854; Malabar) – Against rise in revenue demand and reduction of field size, coupled with the oppression of officials. It resulted in widespread peasant unrest among the Moplahs of Malabar. Twenty-two rebellions took place between 1836 and 1854. None, however, proved successful. (The second Moplah uprising occurred after the Moplahs came to be organized by the Congress and the Khilafat supporters during the Non-cooperation Movement. But Hindu-Muslim differences distanced the Congress and the Moplahs from each other. By 1921, the Moplahs had been subdued.) | Deccan Peasants’ Uprising by the Maratha peasants (1875; Kardeh village and Poona in Maharashtra) – The Deccan peasants uprising was directed mainly against the corrupt practices of the Marwari and Gujarati moneylenders. Social boycott of money lenders by the peasant was later transformed into armed peasant revolt in the Poona and Ahamadnagar districts of Maharashtra. The peasants attacked the money lenders’s houses, shops, and burnt them down. | Phadke’s Ramosi Uprising by Ramosi peasants led by Vasudev Balwant Phadke (1877-1887; Maharashtra) – Against the British failure to take up anti-famine measures. It was protested in the violent manner not in the peaceful manner. |
Solution (a)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Incorrect | Incorrect |
| Moplah Uprisings (1836-1854; Malabar) – Against rise in revenue demand and reduction of field size, coupled with the oppression of officials. It resulted in widespread peasant unrest among the Moplahs of Malabar. Twenty-two rebellions took place between 1836 and 1854. None, however, proved successful. (The second Moplah uprising occurred after the Moplahs came to be organized by the Congress and the Khilafat supporters during the Non-cooperation Movement. But Hindu-Muslim differences distanced the Congress and the Moplahs from each other. By 1921, the Moplahs had been subdued.) | Deccan Peasants’ Uprising by the Maratha peasants (1875; Kardeh village and Poona in Maharashtra) – The Deccan peasants uprising was directed mainly against the corrupt practices of the Marwari and Gujarati moneylenders. Social boycott of money lenders by the peasant was later transformed into armed peasant revolt in the Poona and Ahamadnagar districts of Maharashtra. The peasants attacked the money lenders’s houses, shops, and burnt them down. | Phadke’s Ramosi Uprising by Ramosi peasants led by Vasudev Balwant Phadke (1877-1887; Maharashtra) – Against the British failure to take up anti-famine measures. It was protested in the violent manner not in the peaceful manner. |
Consider the following statements regarding leadership during the revolt of 1857:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| The revolt at Lucknow was led by the Begum of Avadh who had proclaimed her young son, Bitjis Kadr, as the Nawab of Avadh. Helped by the sepoys at Lucknow, and by the zamindars and peasants of Avadh, the Begum organised an all-out attack on the British. | At Kanpur the Revolt was led by Nana Sahib, the adopted son of Baji Rao II, the last Peshwa. Nana Sahib expelled the English from Kanpur with the help of the sepoys and proclaimed himself the Peshwa. At the same time, he acknowledged Bahadur Shah as the Emperor of India and declared himself to be his Governor. The chief burden of fighting on behalf of Nana Sahib fell on the shoulders of Tantia Tope, one of his most loyal servants. Tantia Tope has won immortal fame by his patriotism, determined fighting, and skillful guerrilla operations. Azi- mullah was another loyal servant of Nana Sahib. He was an expert in political propaganda. Unfortunately, Nana Sahib tarnished his brave record by deceitfully killing the garrison at Kanpur after he had agreed to give them safe conduct. | Kunwar Singh, a ruined and discontented Zamindar of Jagdishpur near Arrah, was the chief organiser of the Revolt in Bihar. Though nearly 80 years old, he was perhaps the most outstanding military leader and strategist of the Revolt, He fought the British in Bihar, and, later joining hands with Nana Sahib’s forces, he also campaigned in Avadh and Central India. Racing back home he defeated the British forces near Arrah. But this proved to be his last battle. He had sustained a fatal wound in the fighting. He died on 27 April 1858 in his ancestral house in the village of Jagdishpur. |
Solution (c)
| Statement 1 | Statement 2 | Statement 3 |
| Correct | Correct | Correct |
| The revolt at Lucknow was led by the Begum of Avadh who had proclaimed her young son, Bitjis Kadr, as the Nawab of Avadh. Helped by the sepoys at Lucknow, and by the zamindars and peasants of Avadh, the Begum organised an all-out attack on the British. | At Kanpur the Revolt was led by Nana Sahib, the adopted son of Baji Rao II, the last Peshwa. Nana Sahib expelled the English from Kanpur with the help of the sepoys and proclaimed himself the Peshwa. At the same time, he acknowledged Bahadur Shah as the Emperor of India and declared himself to be his Governor. The chief burden of fighting on behalf of Nana Sahib fell on the shoulders of Tantia Tope, one of his most loyal servants. Tantia Tope has won immortal fame by his patriotism, determined fighting, and skillful guerrilla operations. Azi- mullah was another loyal servant of Nana Sahib. He was an expert in political propaganda. Unfortunately, Nana Sahib tarnished his brave record by deceitfully killing the garrison at Kanpur after he had agreed to give them safe conduct. | Kunwar Singh, a ruined and discontented Zamindar of Jagdishpur near Arrah, was the chief organiser of the Revolt in Bihar. Though nearly 80 years old, he was perhaps the most outstanding military leader and strategist of the Revolt, He fought the British in Bihar, and, later joining hands with Nana Sahib’s forces, he also campaigned in Avadh and Central India. Racing back home he defeated the British forces near Arrah. But this proved to be his last battle. He had sustained a fatal wound in the fighting. He died on 27 April 1858 in his ancestral house in the village of Jagdishpur. |
Consider the following statements:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Note: International Gibbon Day is celebrated on October 24 every year. It originated in 2015 when the IUCN Primate Specialist Group established the day as a commemoration to draw public attention to gibbon protection.
Solution (b)
Note: International Gibbon Day is celebrated on October 24 every year. It originated in 2015 when the IUCN Primate Specialist Group established the day as a commemoration to draw public attention to gibbon protection.
The strategic roadmap “Horizon 2045” is between which of the following countries?
Solution (c)
The strategic roadmap “Horizon 2045” is between India and France. It includes cooperation in defence, space, nuclear energy, climate change, and green transitions as well as education and people-to-people ties for the next 25 years. Hence option c is correct.
Solution (c)
The strategic roadmap “Horizon 2045” is between India and France. It includes cooperation in defence, space, nuclear energy, climate change, and green transitions as well as education and people-to-people ties for the next 25 years. Hence option c is correct.
Consider the following statements about PM Mega Integrated Textile Regions and Apparel (PM MITRA) Parks:
Choose the correct codes:
Solution (a)
Solution (a)
Consider the following statements:
Statement I:
Urbanization and concrete structures in cities cause heat waves.
Statement II:
Because concrete and asphalt in cities absorb and retain heat leading to increased temperatures contributing to heat waves.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
Solution (a)
Solution (a)
Consider the following statements about the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP):
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
Consider the following statements regarding the National Multidimensional Poverty Index: A Progress Review 2023 by NITI Aayog:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
Solution (c)
Consider the following statements regarding Pre-arrest Bail:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
Solution (b)
Consider the following statements about the Kuki tribe:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (c)
Solution (c)
Consider the following statements about Black Sea Grain Initiative:
How many of the above statements are correct?
Solution (b)
JCC includes representatives from Russia, Türkiye, Ukraine, and the United Nations
Solution (b)
JCC includes representatives from Russia, Türkiye, Ukraine, and the United Nations
Which of the following disease is treated using the drug, ‘Leqembi’?
Solution (d)
Context: Donanemab, if approved will become the second drug used to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
Solution (d)
Context: Donanemab, if approved will become the second drug used to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
What is X in the sequence – 9, 324, 25, 256, 49, 196, 81, X?
Solution (c)
9 -> 32
25 -> 52
49 -> 72
81 -> 92
Similarly,
324 -> 182
256 -> 162
196 -> 142
144 -> 122.
Solution (c)
9 -> 32
25 -> 52
49 -> 72
81 -> 92
Similarly,
324 -> 182
256 -> 162
196 -> 142
144 -> 122.
If A and B are digits and A 3 + 8 B = 150, then the value of A – B is
Solution (d)
We have A 3 + 8 B = 150
Here, 3 + B = 0 , so 3 + B is a two digit number whose unit number is 0
3 + B = 10 => B = 7
Now considering ten’s column, A + 8 + 1 = 15
A + 9 = 15
A = 6
Therefore, A – B = 6 – 7 = -1
Solution (d)
We have A 3 + 8 B = 150
Here, 3 + B = 0 , so 3 + B is a two digit number whose unit number is 0
3 + B = 10 => B = 7
Now considering ten’s column, A + 8 + 1 = 15
A + 9 = 15
A = 6
Therefore, A – B = 6 – 7 = -1
Which of the following statements are correct?
Choose the correct answer using the code given below
Solution (a)
1) The average of first twenty multiples of 8 is 84.
First twenty mutiples of 8 are:
8 * 1, 8*2,8*3,…… so on…
So, AP = 8 + 16 + 24 + …… + 160
Required average = 8( 1 + 2 + 3 + …… 10)/20
AP = Sum of first n numbers = n/2[first term + last term]
Required average of AP = [ 8 + 160 ]/2
Hence, Statement 1 is correct
2) There are 21 prime numbers between 100 and 200
101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139,149,151,157, 163, 167, 173, 179, 181, 191, 193, 197, 199
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect
Solution (a)
1) The average of first twenty multiples of 8 is 84.
First twenty mutiples of 8 are:
8 * 1, 8*2,8*3,…… so on…
So, AP = 8 + 16 + 24 + …… + 160
Required average = 8( 1 + 2 + 3 + …… 10)/20
AP = Sum of first n numbers = n/2[first term + last term]
Required average of AP = [ 8 + 160 ]/2
Hence, Statement 1 is correct
2) There are 21 prime numbers between 100 and 200
101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139,149,151,157, 163, 167, 173, 179, 181, 191, 193, 197, 199
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect
In a group of 6 boys and 4 girls, four children are to be selected. In how many different ways can they be selected such that at least one girl should be there?
Solution (b)
In a group of 6 boys and 4 girls, four children are to be selected such that at least one boy should be there.
Hence we have 4 options as given below
We can select 4 girls (option 1)
Number of ways to this = 4C4
We can select 3 girls and 1 boy (option 2)
Number of ways to this = 4C3 × 6C1
We can select 2 girls and 2 boys (option 3)
Number of ways to this = 4C2 × 6C2
We can select 1 girl and 3 boys (option 4)
Number of ways to this = 4C1 × 6C3
Total number of ways
= 4C4 + 4C3 × 6C1 + 4C2 × 6C2 + 4C1 × 6C3
= 1+ ( 4 × 6) + ( (4 × 3)/(2 × 1) × ( (6 × 5)/( 2 × 1)) + ( 4 × ( 6 × 5 × 4)/( 3 × 2 × 1))
= 1 + 24 + ( 6 × 15 ) + ( 4 × 20 )
= 1 + 24 + 90 + 80
= 195
Solution (b)
In a group of 6 boys and 4 girls, four children are to be selected such that at least one boy should be there.
Hence we have 4 options as given below
We can select 4 girls (option 1)
Number of ways to this = 4C4
We can select 3 girls and 1 boy (option 2)
Number of ways to this = 4C3 × 6C1
We can select 2 girls and 2 boys (option 3)
Number of ways to this = 4C2 × 6C2
We can select 1 girl and 3 boys (option 4)
Number of ways to this = 4C1 × 6C3
Total number of ways
= 4C4 + 4C3 × 6C1 + 4C2 × 6C2 + 4C1 × 6C3
= 1+ ( 4 × 6) + ( (4 × 3)/(2 × 1) × ( (6 × 5)/( 2 × 1)) + ( 4 × ( 6 × 5 × 4)/( 3 × 2 × 1))
= 1 + 24 + ( 6 × 15 ) + ( 4 × 20 )
= 1 + 24 + 90 + 80
= 195
How many numbers are there between 90 and 1000 such that the digit 7 occupies the units place?
Solution (d)
Between 100 and 200 there are 10 such numbers.
They are 107, 117, 127, 137, 147, 157, 167, 177, 187, 197.
Like that between 200 and 300 -> 10
300 to 400 ->10
400 to 500 ->10
500 to 600 ->10
600 to 700 ->10
700 to 800 ->10
800 to 900 ->10
900 to 1000 ->10
∴ from 100 to 1000, 90 such numbers are there Between 90 and 100
97 is there So total such numbers is 90 + 1 = 91
Solution (d)
Between 100 and 200 there are 10 such numbers.
They are 107, 117, 127, 137, 147, 157, 167, 177, 187, 197.
Like that between 200 and 300 -> 10
300 to 400 ->10
400 to 500 ->10
500 to 600 ->10
600 to 700 ->10
700 to 800 ->10
800 to 900 ->10
900 to 1000 ->10
∴ from 100 to 1000, 90 such numbers are there Between 90 and 100
97 is there So total such numbers is 90 + 1 = 91
All the Best
IASbaba
