Solution (c)

The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) is also called the Harappan civilization, because it is the first site of IVC to be discovered.

Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.

Harappan seal is made of a stone called Steatite.

Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.

Solution (d)

Citadel found in Mohenjodaro is much smaller compared to that of Lower Town. However, Citadel is located relatively higher compared to the Lower Town.

The Citadel owesits height to the fact that buildings were constructedon mud brick platforms.

Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.

Citadel and Lower Town are both walled.

Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.

Solution (d)

The stupaoriginated as a simple semi-circular mound of earth, later called Anda.

In the structure of Stupa, Harmikawas located above the Anda.

Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.

Harmikais a balcony like structure that represented the abode of the gods.

Arising from the harmika was a mast called the yashti, often surmounted by a chhatri or umbrella. Around the mound was a railing, separating the sacred space from the secular world.

Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.

Solution (a)

In Buddhist Sculpture, the empty Seat was meant to indicate the meditation of Buddha and the Stupa was meant to represent the mahaparinibbana.

Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.

The symbol of Wheel stood for the first sermon of the Buddha delivered at Sarnath.

Hence Statement 2 is correct.

Solution (d)

Mahastupa of Thotlakonda is located inThotlakonda Hills of Andhra Pradesh.

Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.

DhamekStupa is located in the State of Uttar Pradesh.

Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.

Solution (d)

• The Pallavas introduced the art of excavating temples from the rock.
• The Dravidian style of temple architecture began with the Pallava rule.
• Mahendravarman I introduced the rock-cut temples. 
• The five rathas, popularly called as the Panchapanadava rathas, signifies five different styles of temple architecture.

Solution (b)

• Dravidan temples have elaborate gates called Gopurams while Nagara Temples do not have them.
• Shikhar of Nagara temples are curved while Vimana of Dravidan temples have pyramidal shape.
• Both nagara and Dravidan temples have Garbhagriha where the idol of the Chief deity is placed.
• Both Nagara and Dravidan temples have mandaps.

Solution (d)

• Unlike Hindus who conceived manifestation of god everywhere in multiple forms as part of their religious faith, Muslims forbade to replicate living forms on any surface.
• In 1200 AD, Qutub al-Din Aibak, the founder of the Delhi Sultanate started construction of the Qutub Minar. In 1220, Aibak’s successor Iltutmish added three storeys to the tower. In 1369, Firoz Shah Tughlaq carried out restoration work and completed it. 

Solution (c)

1. Dilwara Temples : Rajasthan 
2. Tungnath Temple : Uttarakhand
3. Mahabalipuram Temples : Tamil Nadu
4. Mundeshwari Devi Temple : Bihar

Solution (c)

• Vesara style of architecture is essentially a combination of the ‘nagara’ and ‘dravida’ styles which are typical of North India and the South India respectively.
• The Hoysala temples at Belur, Halebidu and Somnathpura are leading examples of the Vesara style.