·       It is also known as the ‘Paris Agreement for the Ocean.’

·       It is a legally binding treaty that aims at protecting, caring for, and ensuring the responsible use of the marine environment, maintaining the integrity of ocean ecosystems, and conserving the inherent value of marine biological diversity.

·       The treaty is built on the legacy of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which is the last international agreement on ocean protection, signed 40 years ago in 1982. UNCLOS established an area called the high seas.

·       It aims to place 30% of the seas into protected areas by 2030(a pledge made by countries at the UN biodiversity conference in 2022).

·       It will provide a legal framework for establishing vast marine protected areas (MPAs) to protect against the loss of wildlife and share out the genetic resources of the high seas.

·       It also covers environmental assessments to evaluate the potential damage of commercial activities, such as deep-sea mining.

·       The treaty aims at strengthening resilience and contains provisions based on the polluter-pays principle as well as mechanisms for disputes.

·       Each phonon is the collective vibration of around one quadrillion atoms.

·       A phonon is a definite discrete unit or quantum of vibrational mechanical energy just as a photon is a quantum of electromagnetic or light energy.

·       Phonons and electrons are the two main types of elementary particles or excitations in solids.

·       It is essential in the phenomenon of superconductivity.

·       Acoustic beam-splitter is a tiny device which can be used to emit and detect individual phonons.

·       The President’s Rule can be proclaimed under Article 356 on two grounds one mentioned in Article 356 itself and another in Article 365.

·       Article 356 empowers the President to issue a proclamation, if he is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of a state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.

·       Article 365 says that whenever a state fails to comply with or to give effect to any direction from the Centre, it will be lawful for the president to hold that a situation has arisen to impose president’s rule.

·       It can be extended for a maximum period of three years with the approval of the Parliament, every six months.

·       President’s Rule has been imposed in an arbitrary manner for political or personal reasons.

·       A law made by the Parliament or president or any other specified authority continues to be operative even after the President’s Rule.

·       A proclamation imposing President’s Rule must be approved by both the Houses of Parliament within two months from the date of its issue.

·       Every resolution approving the proclamation of President’s Rule or its continuation can be passed by either House of Parliament only by a simple majority.

·       President’s Rule can be proclaimed

·       When the government of a state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution due to reasons which may not have any connection with war, external aggression or armed rebellion.

·       It features participation from military contingents and observers from over 20 countries.

·       The exercise is co-sponsored by Mongolian Armed Forces (MAF) and the United States Army Pacific Command (USARPAC).

·       The Indian Army is represented by a contingent from the GARHWAL RIFLES.

·       The 14-day exercise is aimed at enhancing the interoperability of the participating nations, sharing experience and training uniformed personnel for the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKO).

·       The exercise will prepare participants for future UN Peacekeeping missions, develop peace operations capabilities and enhance military readiness.

·       The exercise includes Command Post Exercise (CPX), Field Training Exercises (FTX), combat discussions, lectures and demonstrations.