Solution (a)

• It was built in the 15th century during the rule of Devaraya II, one of the rulers of the Vijayanagara Empire.
• It is dedicated to Vittala and is also called Vijaya Vittala Temple.
• Vittala is said to be an incarnation of Lord Vishnu.
• Dravidian style adorns the built of the complex, which is further enhanced with elaborate carvings.
• Hampi Chariot is inside the Vijaya Vittala Temple

Solution (b)

• Hayabusa 2 was launched from Japan’s Tanegashima space centre in 2014 and took four years to reach the asteroid Ryugu.
• The mission builds on the original Hayabusa mission that was launched in 2003 and successfully linked up with asteroid Itokawa in 2005.
  • It returned samples to Earth in 2010 marking the first time when sample materials from an asteroid were brought back to Earth.
• Hayabusa is the Japanese term used for the peregrine falcon, which is the fastest bird during its hunting dive (200 mile per hour).
• The space probe orbited above the asteroid for a few months to map its surface before landing. Then it used small explosives to blast a crater, collected the resulting debris and headed back to Earth in November 2019.
• The craft’s mission seeks to answer some fundamental questions about the origins of the Solar systemand where molecules like water came from.

Solution (b)

The Red Sea is home to five out of seven species of sea turtles. They are:

• Green turtle – Endangered
• Hawksbill turtle – Critically Endangered
• Loggerhead turtle – Critically Endangered
• Olive Ridley turtle – Vulnerable
• Leatherback turtle – Vulnerable

Solution (c)

The houbara bustard

• It lives in arid climates.
• It comes in two distinct species as recognised by the IUCN.
• One species resides in North Africa (Chlamydotis undulata) and the other in Asia (Chlamydotis macqueenii) which is commonly known as MacQueen’s bustard.
• The population of the Asian houbara bustards extends from northeast Asia, across central Asia, the Middle East, and the Arabian Peninsula to reach the Sinai desert.
• According to the International Fund for Houbara Conservation (IFHC), roughly 33,000 Asian houbara bustards remain today.
• After breeding in the spring, the Asian bustards migrate south to spend the winter in Pakistan, the Arabian Peninsula and nearby Southwest Asia. 
• Some Asian houbara bustards live and breed in the southern part of their ranges including parts of Iran, Pakistan and Turkmenistan.
• IUCN Red List Status: Vulnerable

Solution (c)

Difference between Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion