Solution (a)

Article 23

Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour—(1) Traffic in human beings and begar and other similar forms of forced labour are prohibited and any contravention of this provision shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law.

(2) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from imposing compulsory service for public purposes, and in imposing such service the State shall not make any discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste or class or any of them.

Hence Statement 1 is incorrect and Statement 2 is correct.

Solution (a)

Article 37: The provisions contained in this Part (Part IV) shall not be enforceable by any court, but the principles therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws.

Hence Statement 1 is correct.

Article 50: Separation of judiciary from executive —The State shall take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State.

Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.

Solution (d)

List of Fundamental Duties:

It shall be the duty of every citizen of India—

1. to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
2. to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
3. to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
4. to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
5. to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
6. to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
7. to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures;
8. to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform
9. to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
10. to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement;
11. who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.

Solution (b)

The writ of prohibition can be issued only against judicial and quasi-judicial authorities. It is not available against administrative authorities, legislative bodies, and private individuals or bodies.

Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.

The writ of mandamus cannot be issued (a) against a private individual or body (b) to enforce departmental instruction that does not possess statutory force (c) when the duty is discretionary and not mandatory (d) to enforce a contractual obligation (e) against the president of India or the state governors and (f) against the chief justice of a high court acting in judicial capacity.

Hence Statement 2 is correct.

Previously, the writ of certiorari could be issued only against judicial and quasi-judicial authorities and not against administrative authorities. However, in 1991, the Supreme Court ruled that the certiorari can be issued even against administrative authorities affecting rights of individuals.

Hence Statement 3 is incorrect.

Solution (d)

The Parliament shall have (and the legislature of a state shall not have) power to make laws with respect to the following matters:

(a) Prescribing residence as a condition for certain employments or appointments in a state or union territory or local authority or other authority (Article 16).

(b) Empowering courts other than the Supreme Court and the high courts to issue directions, orders and writs of all kinds for the enforcement of fundamental rights (Article 32).

(c) Restricting or abrogating the application of Fundamental Rights to members of armed forces, police forces, etc. (Article 33).

(d) Indemnifying any government servant or any other person for any act done during the operation of martial law in any area. (Article 34).

Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.

Parliament shall have (and the legislature of a state shall not have) powers to make laws for prescribing punishment for those acts that are declared to be offences under the fundamental rights.

Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.