IASbaba Prelims 60 Days Plan
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Hello Friends,
The most beloved 60 Days for UPSC IAS Prelims 2019 has finally begun 🙂
Once again the time has come for the battle (Prelims). And who else than your best companion in the last preparatory phase for UPSC IAS Prelims 2019 i.e 60 days plan.
It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop.
Hope the message given above makes sense to you all.
The productive utilization of this programme demands consistency, honesty, faith and strong determination to be in the process of learning and unlearning. You might not be fully prepared to solve all the questions but the learning and unlearning through these questions will prepare you for the real battle on 2nd June 2019.
You have to unlearn your repetitive mistakes, gut feeling on which you mark doubtful questions. You have to learn new things and also those concepts that you were very sure of but somehow because of traps in the option, got it wrong. You have to learn ‘how to convert knowledge into marks’ (Because most of the times, after ending the exam, you regret making mistakes in known concepts).
Secondly, keep a long distance from following too many things at this point. It will always backfire. Once you are here, put complete faith and follow this initiative along with whatever you were doing. It is very important to consolidate your preparation with many revisions. Simply following many things will leave you in despair. You can cross check this with veterans.
Everything that seems attractive is not productive. You should always go for productivity. Be wise!
Let us pledge to make it a big game changer (better than last year) in the next 60 days of this plan!
Importance of Self – Tracking: Learning from Last Year
Last year, aspirants used to type/post their answers in the comment box on a daily basis. There were huge participation and discussion below the test post. Putting answers in the comment box has been very effective to self-track yourself after updating the score. In the end, you can cross check your performance through Disqus profile.
It was highly effective in the last edition of 60 Days that propelled aspirants to monitor their performance and learn through discussion. Let you solve these questions with full honesty and write your result in the comment box. Interact with peers to know your mistakes.
The importance of this initiative stands time-bound and aggressive reverse engineering to learn the concepts. Many of you must be busy with your own strategy but let us tell you honestly that in the last few months, it is very important to revise and consolidate your learning. Just reading won’t suffice.
So, take out a few hours from your schedule and make it a revision exercise.
How can you make the best use of it?
Be honest to your effort and do not start competing with XYZ aspirants just for the sake of marks. It is more important for you to introspect and check your learning than focusing on others. Try to answer the questions in 25 minutes only.
Do not get into negative feeling that I don’t have enough knowledge to answer these questions. Feel like you are taking the real exam. What would be your response then?
The same will be replicated in the UPSC exam. Here, you get marks only and nothing else matters. So, make effort to know the answers to all questions. Do not cheat 😛
DETAILED MICRO ANALYSIS MATRIX SAMPLE– is given here. You can download this and do an assessment for yourself (the excel sheet must be modified as per this years planning. The provided excel sheet is only for reference). DOWNLOAD
- You can copy paste the same format/modify as per your need in Google Spreadsheet and update it on daily basis.
- Feedback talks about daily test results.
- Follow-up talks about daily target achieved from sources and the number of revisions to do/done and dates. Sources column is to ensure that aspirants do not run behind various sources and follow the same throughout.
Would like to end on this quote:
Either you run the day or the day runs you.
Are you ready? Let’s start!
Important Note
- Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂
- You can post your comments in the given format
- (1) Your Score
- (2) Matrix Meter
- (3) New Learning from the Test
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The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2019 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2019.
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Question 1 of 30
1. Question
Consider the following statements regarding difference between a River Basin and a Watershed:
- Both river basins and watersheds are areas of land that drain to a particular water body, such as a lake, stream, river or estuary.
- In a river basin, some of the water drains to a large river. The term watershed is used to describe a smaller area of land that drains to a smaller stream, lake or wetland.
- There are many smaller watersheds within a river basin.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Explanation: In a river basin, all the water drains to a large river (not some of the water). First and Third statements are self explanatory.
Incorrect
Explanation: In a river basin, all the water drains to a large river (not some of the water). First and Third statements are self explanatory.
-
Question 2 of 30
2. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the drainage pattern:
- A drainage pattern is described as discordant if it does not correlate to the topology.
- The difference between antecedent and superimposed river drainage is that whereas antecedent river drainage involves uplifting of river slope along with surrounding area, the superimposed drainage involves not changing the original slope.
- Both antecedent and superimposed river drainage are examples of concordant drainage pattern.
Which of the following statements are correct?
Correct
Explanation:
Both antecedent and superimposed river drainage involves river sticking to their original slope.
In case of antecedent river drainage, part of a river slope and the surrounding area gets uplifted and the river sticks to its original slope, cutting through the uplifted portion like a saw and forming deep gorges.
In case of superimposed river drainage, a river flowing over a softer rock stratum reaches the harder basal rocks but continues to follow the initial slope, it seems to have no relation with the harder rock bed.
Both antecedent and superimposed river drainage are examples of discordant drainage pattern.
Incorrect
Explanation:
Both antecedent and superimposed river drainage involves river sticking to their original slope.
In case of antecedent river drainage, part of a river slope and the surrounding area gets uplifted and the river sticks to its original slope, cutting through the uplifted portion like a saw and forming deep gorges.
In case of superimposed river drainage, a river flowing over a softer rock stratum reaches the harder basal rocks but continues to follow the initial slope, it seems to have no relation with the harder rock bed.
Both antecedent and superimposed river drainage are examples of discordant drainage pattern.
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Question 3 of 30
3. Question
Consider the following statements:
- The Chambal, Sind, Ken, Betwa, Tons and Son meet the Yamuna and the Ganga at right angles.
- They are the subsequent drainage of the Ganga drainage system.
- Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery, descending from the Western Ghats and flowing into the Bay of Bengal, are some of the subsequent rivers of Peninsular India.
Which of the above statements is correct?
Correct
Explanation:
Rivers like Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery, descending from the Western Ghats and flowing into the Bay of Bengal, are some of the consequent(not subsequent) rivers of Peninsular India.
The rivers which follow the general direction of slope are known as the consequent rivers.
Most of the rivers of peninsular India are consequent rivers.
A tributary stream that is eroded along an underlying belt of non-resistant rock after the main drainage pattern (Consequent River) has been established is known as a subsequent river.
The peninsular drainage is mainly Concordant except for few rivers in the upper peninsular region.
Incorrect
Explanation:
Rivers like Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery, descending from the Western Ghats and flowing into the Bay of Bengal, are some of the consequent(not subsequent) rivers of Peninsular India.
The rivers which follow the general direction of slope are known as the consequent rivers.
Most of the rivers of peninsular India are consequent rivers.
A tributary stream that is eroded along an underlying belt of non-resistant rock after the main drainage pattern (Consequent River) has been established is known as a subsequent river.
The peninsular drainage is mainly Concordant except for few rivers in the upper peninsular region.
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Question 4 of 30
4. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the peninsular drainage:
- The main water divide in peninsular rivers is formed by the Western Ghats, which run from north to south close to the western coast.
- The velocity of water in the rivers and the load carrying capacity of the streams is low due to high gradient.
- The west flowing rivers of Narmada and Tapi as well as those originating from the Western Ghats and falling in the Arabian Sea form estuaries in place of deltas.
- Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Tapi flow eastwards and drain into the Bay of Bengal. These rivers make deltas at their mouths.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Explanation:
The velocity of water in the rivers and the load carrying capacity of the streams is low due to low (not high) gradient.
Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna flow eastwards(tapi flow westward) and drain into the Bay of Bengal. These rivers make deltas at their mouths.-tapi was written to check if student is reading the last options minutely or not.
The main water divide in peninsular rivers is formed by the Western Ghats, which run from north to south close to the western coast.
The velocity of water in the rivers and the load carrying capacity of the streams is low due to low gradient.
Most of the major rivers of the peninsula such as the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Cauvery flow eastwards and drain into the Bay of Bengal. These rivers make deltas at their mouths.
But the west flowing rivers of Narmada and Tapi as well as those originating from the Western Ghats and falling in the Arabian Sea form estuaries in place of deltas.
Incorrect
Explanation:
The velocity of water in the rivers and the load carrying capacity of the streams is low due to low (not high) gradient.
Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna flow eastwards(tapi flow westward) and drain into the Bay of Bengal. These rivers make deltas at their mouths.-tapi was written to check if student is reading the last options minutely or not.
The main water divide in peninsular rivers is formed by the Western Ghats, which run from north to south close to the western coast.
The velocity of water in the rivers and the load carrying capacity of the streams is low due to low gradient.
Most of the major rivers of the peninsula such as the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Cauvery flow eastwards and drain into the Bay of Bengal. These rivers make deltas at their mouths.
But the west flowing rivers of Narmada and Tapi as well as those originating from the Western Ghats and falling in the Arabian Sea form estuaries in place of deltas.
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Question 5 of 30
5. Question
Consider the following statements related to Indus water system:
- Indus River originates from Kailash range in Tibet near Lake Manasarovar and it flows between Ladakh and Pir Panjal ranges in Jammu and Kashmir before it passes on to Pakistan.
- Indus River is joined by Zaskar River near Indo-China border, Shyok River at Leh and near Skardu, it is joined by the Dhar river.
- Jhelum is the smallest and most western of the five rivers of Punjab and the Kishenganga (Neelum) River, is the largest tributary of the Jhelum.
- The Ravi which enters Punjab Plains (India) near Madhopur is the largest of Five Punjab Rivers with seul, baira, tant gari and buddhi as its tributaries. River Ravi is also called as the “River of Amritsar”.
- River Ujh is one of the most important tributaries of Ravi River which joins Ravi in Indian side of Punjab. The Ujh dam is a proposed hydroelectricity and irrigation multipurpose project in the pathankot district of Punjab over the Ravi River to help India utilize its share of water mandated under Indus water treaty.
Which of the following statements are correct?
Correct
All the given statements are incorrect.
Note: – Level of the question is extremely difficult.
Kindly do not get disheartened if you didn’t have it right. UPSC has a tendency to throw in surprises related to river and its tributaries. The idea is NOT to frame extraordinary difficult questions to dishearten the candidates. The idea is to cover issue comprehensively so that bouncer thrown by UPSC can be tackled easily in exam hall.
This issue of Indus water treaty is in news since past 4 years because of surgical strikes conducted in 2016 after the Uri attack and the recent Balakot air strikes. Many Newspapers carried reports on how India initiated 3 national level projects on Ravi River to utilize its 20% share of water mandated under Indus Water Treaty. This question is an attempt to link the current issue with static one and have better understanding of both.
For your Information:
Indus River originates from Kailash range in Tibet near Lake Manasarovar and it flows between Ladakh and Zaskar ranges in Jammu and Kashmir before it pass on to Pakistan.
Indus River is joined by Dhar River near Indo-China border, Zaskar River at Leh and near Skardu, it is joined by the Shyok river.
Jhelum is the largest and most western of the five rivers of Punjab and the Kishenganga (Neelum) River, is the largest tributary of the Jhelum.
The Ravi which enters Punjab Plains (india) near Madhopur is the smallest of Five Punjab Rivers with seul, baira, tant gari and buddhi as its tributaries. River Ravi is also called as the “River of lahore” since that city is on its eastern bank.
River Ujh is one of the most important tributaries of Ravi River which joins Ravi at Nainkot in Pakistan. The Ujh dam is a proposed hydroelectricity and irrigation multipurpose project in Kathua district of Jammu over the Ravi River with a capacity to generate 196 MW of electricity. The main tributaries of the Ujh river are the Naaz and Bhinni Nallahs. It will help India utilize its share of water mandated under Indus water treaty.
India has decided to fast-track three projects, including construction of two dams, to arrest the unutilised water of its share under the bilateral Indus Waters Treaty with Pakistan. The three projects include the Shahpur Kandi dam project, a second Sutlej-Beas link in Punjab and the Ujh Dam project in Jammu and Kashmir. All three have been declared national projects in 2009.
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-to-expedite-3-projects-to-stop-its-share-of-indus-waters-from-flowing-into-pakistan/articleshow/66793674.cms
https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/three-dam-projects-pose-challenge-to-government-stop-water-decision-119022201063_1.html
Incorrect
All the given statements are incorrect.
Note: – Level of the question is extremely difficult.
Kindly do not get disheartened if you didn’t have it right. UPSC has a tendency to throw in surprises related to river and its tributaries. The idea is NOT to frame extraordinary difficult questions to dishearten the candidates. The idea is to cover issue comprehensively so that bouncer thrown by UPSC can be tackled easily in exam hall.
This issue of Indus water treaty is in news since past 4 years because of surgical strikes conducted in 2016 after the Uri attack and the recent Balakot air strikes. Many Newspapers carried reports on how India initiated 3 national level projects on Ravi River to utilize its 20% share of water mandated under Indus Water Treaty. This question is an attempt to link the current issue with static one and have better understanding of both.
For your Information:
Indus River originates from Kailash range in Tibet near Lake Manasarovar and it flows between Ladakh and Zaskar ranges in Jammu and Kashmir before it pass on to Pakistan.
Indus River is joined by Dhar River near Indo-China border, Zaskar River at Leh and near Skardu, it is joined by the Shyok river.
Jhelum is the largest and most western of the five rivers of Punjab and the Kishenganga (Neelum) River, is the largest tributary of the Jhelum.
The Ravi which enters Punjab Plains (india) near Madhopur is the smallest of Five Punjab Rivers with seul, baira, tant gari and buddhi as its tributaries. River Ravi is also called as the “River of lahore” since that city is on its eastern bank.
River Ujh is one of the most important tributaries of Ravi River which joins Ravi at Nainkot in Pakistan. The Ujh dam is a proposed hydroelectricity and irrigation multipurpose project in Kathua district of Jammu over the Ravi River with a capacity to generate 196 MW of electricity. The main tributaries of the Ujh river are the Naaz and Bhinni Nallahs. It will help India utilize its share of water mandated under Indus water treaty.
India has decided to fast-track three projects, including construction of two dams, to arrest the unutilised water of its share under the bilateral Indus Waters Treaty with Pakistan. The three projects include the Shahpur Kandi dam project, a second Sutlej-Beas link in Punjab and the Ujh Dam project in Jammu and Kashmir. All three have been declared national projects in 2009.
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-to-expedite-3-projects-to-stop-its-share-of-indus-waters-from-flowing-into-pakistan/articleshow/66793674.cms
https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/three-dam-projects-pose-challenge-to-government-stop-water-decision-119022201063_1.html
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Question 6 of 30
6. Question
Consider the following statements:
- Tributaries of the Ganga and the Yamuna such as the Chambal, the Betwa, the Ken, the Son and the Damodar flow in the north-westerly direction.
- The Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna, the Cauvery and several smaller rivers drains south-east into the Bay of Bengal.
Which of the above statements is correct?
Correct
Explanation:
Tributaries of the Ganga and the Yamuna such as the Chambal, the Betwa, the Ken, the Son and the Damodar flow in the north-easterly (not north westerly) direction.
Incorrect
Explanation:
Tributaries of the Ganga and the Yamuna such as the Chambal, the Betwa, the Ken, the Son and the Damodar flow in the north-easterly (not north westerly) direction.
-
Question 7 of 30
7. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the Himalayan river system:
- These rivers receive water both from the monsoons and melting snow hence they are seasonal in nature.
- These rivers flow across the young fold mountains and are still in a youthful stage.
- Himalayan rivers are highly tortuous and enter the plains with high water pressure.
- These are examples of antecedent drainage.
Which of the above statements is correct?
Correct
Explanation:
The Himalayan Rivers are perennial in nature, i.e., water flows throughout the year in these rivers. These rivers receive water both from the monsoons and snow-melt. The perennial nature of these rivers makes them useful for irrigation.
The upper reaches of the Himalayan Rivers are highly tortuous. When they enter the plains, there is a sudden reduction in the speed of flow of water. Under these circumstances these rivers form meanders and often shift their beds.
Incorrect
Explanation:
The Himalayan Rivers are perennial in nature, i.e., water flows throughout the year in these rivers. These rivers receive water both from the monsoons and snow-melt. The perennial nature of these rivers makes them useful for irrigation.
The upper reaches of the Himalayan Rivers are highly tortuous. When they enter the plains, there is a sudden reduction in the speed of flow of water. Under these circumstances these rivers form meanders and often shift their beds.
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Question 8 of 30
8. Question
Giri River is a tributary of:
Correct
Explanation:
PLEASE SEE THE LINK TO UNDERSTAND THE LOCATION OF RENUKA MULTIPURPOSE DAM PROJECT.
https://static.toiimg.com/img/67495919/Master.jpg
Giri river (a tributary of the Yamuna) is in news as recently Centre signed pact with 5 States [Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh] — to restart construction of the Renuka multipurpose dam project in the Upper Yamuna Basin.
The Renuka dam project has been conceived as a storage project on the Giri River (a tributary of the Yamuna) in Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh.
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/6-northern-states-sign-on-renukaji-dam-to-augment-water-flow-in-yamuna/articleshow/67495103.cms
Incorrect
Explanation:
PLEASE SEE THE LINK TO UNDERSTAND THE LOCATION OF RENUKA MULTIPURPOSE DAM PROJECT.
https://static.toiimg.com/img/67495919/Master.jpg
Giri river (a tributary of the Yamuna) is in news as recently Centre signed pact with 5 States [Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh] — to restart construction of the Renuka multipurpose dam project in the Upper Yamuna Basin.
The Renuka dam project has been conceived as a storage project on the Giri River (a tributary of the Yamuna) in Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh.
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/6-northern-states-sign-on-renukaji-dam-to-augment-water-flow-in-yamuna/articleshow/67495103.cms
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Question 9 of 30
9. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the jet streams:
- Jet streams have distinct peaks (ridges) and troughs.
- Ridges occur where the cold air mass pushes against the warm air mass. Troughs occur where warm air mass drops into cold air.
- The region on earth below the trough is at low pressure and the region below ridge is at high pressure.
- Usually the trough region creates cyclonic condition (high pressure) at the surface of earth whereas the ridge regions create anticyclonic condition.
Which of the above statements are incorrect?
Correct
Explanation: Statement 2 and 4 are incorrect.
Ridges occur where the warm air mass pushes against the cold air mass. Troughs occur where cold air mass drops into warm air.
Usually the trough region [the region exactly below the jet stream trough] creates cyclonic condition (low pressure not high pressure) at the surface of earth whereas the ridge regions create anticyclonic condition.
Extra information:
PLEASE SEE THE LINK TO UNDERSTAND THE POLAR VORTEX AND ITS RELATION WITH JET STREAM.
https://www.noaa.gov/image_download/3913?itok=5yZosn1E
Recently Tens of millions of Americans braved Arctic-like temperatures on January 31 as low as minus 49 degrees Celsius that paralysed the U.S. Midwest and were blamed for 21 deaths. Cause is said to be polar vortex phenomenon . Polar vortex refers to the upper level jet stream that circulates around both the North and South Poles, keeping the coldest air there. When that jet stream occasionally weakens and buckles, it disrupts weather patterns — bumping warmer air into Alaska and pushing cold winds down into the U.S. Midwest and East Coast.
Incorrect
Explanation: Statement 2 and 4 are incorrect.
Ridges occur where the warm air mass pushes against the cold air mass. Troughs occur where cold air mass drops into warm air.
Usually the trough region [the region exactly below the jet stream trough] creates cyclonic condition (low pressure not high pressure) at the surface of earth whereas the ridge regions create anticyclonic condition.
Extra information:
PLEASE SEE THE LINK TO UNDERSTAND THE POLAR VORTEX AND ITS RELATION WITH JET STREAM.
https://www.noaa.gov/image_download/3913?itok=5yZosn1E
Recently Tens of millions of Americans braved Arctic-like temperatures on January 31 as low as minus 49 degrees Celsius that paralysed the U.S. Midwest and were blamed for 21 deaths. Cause is said to be polar vortex phenomenon . Polar vortex refers to the upper level jet stream that circulates around both the North and South Poles, keeping the coldest air there. When that jet stream occasionally weakens and buckles, it disrupts weather patterns — bumping warmer air into Alaska and pushing cold winds down into the U.S. Midwest and East Coast.
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Question 10 of 30
10. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the Role of Sub-Tropical Jet Stream (STJ) in Indian Monsoon:
- Sub-Tropical Jet stream plays a significant role in both hindering the monsoon winds as well as in quick onset of monsoons.
- The burst of monsoons depends upon the upper air circulation which is dominated by STJ.
- In winter STJ flows along the southern slopes of the Himalayas but in summer it shifts northwards.
- Northward movement of the subtropical jet is the first indication of the onset of the monsoon over India.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Explanation:
Sub-Tropical Jet stream plays a significant role in both hindering the monsoon winds as well as in quick onset of monsoons. Sub-Tropical Jet stream is a narrow band of fast moving air flowing from west to east [Westerlies].
The burst of monsoons depends upon the upper air circulation which is dominated by STJ.
In winter STJ flows along the southern slopes of the Himalayas but in summer it shifts northwards, rather dramatically. The periodic movement of the Jet stream is often the indicator of the onset and subsequent withdrawal of the monsoon. Northward movement of the subtropical jet is the first indication of the onset of the monsoon over India..
Incorrect
Explanation:
Sub-Tropical Jet stream plays a significant role in both hindering the monsoon winds as well as in quick onset of monsoons. Sub-Tropical Jet stream is a narrow band of fast moving air flowing from west to east [Westerlies].
The burst of monsoons depends upon the upper air circulation which is dominated by STJ.
In winter STJ flows along the southern slopes of the Himalayas but in summer it shifts northwards, rather dramatically. The periodic movement of the Jet stream is often the indicator of the onset and subsequent withdrawal of the monsoon. Northward movement of the subtropical jet is the first indication of the onset of the monsoon over India..
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Question 11 of 30
11. Question
Consider the following statements:
- There is no south west monsoon in winters because ITCZ has left India.
- During winter, the southern branch of Sub Tropical Jet stream is strong and is to the south of Himalayas.
- There is already a strong high pressure over Tibet.
Which of the above statements contribute to no south-west monsoons during winter?
Correct
Explanation:
Reasons behind the no south-west monsoons during winter include:
Reason 1: ITCZ has left India (the winds that blow over India are mostly offshore –– land to land or land to ocean –– so they carry no moisture).
Reason 2: During winter, the southern branch of STJ is strong and is to the south of Himalayas. The ridge of the jet lies over north-western India and is associated with strong divergence of winds and creates a high pressure region (sub-tropical high pressure belt) over entire north India. [This is how the mechanism of jet streams influence Indian Monsoons in winter season]
Reason 3: There is already an strong high pressure over Tibet. [High Pressure due to STJ + High Pressure over Tibet = strong divergence = no rainfall]
Incorrect
Explanation:
Reasons behind the no south-west monsoons during winter include:
Reason 1: ITCZ has left India (the winds that blow over India are mostly offshore –– land to land or land to ocean –– so they carry no moisture).
Reason 2: During winter, the southern branch of STJ is strong and is to the south of Himalayas. The ridge of the jet lies over north-western India and is associated with strong divergence of winds and creates a high pressure region (sub-tropical high pressure belt) over entire north India. [This is how the mechanism of jet streams influence Indian Monsoons in winter season]
Reason 3: There is already an strong high pressure over Tibet. [High Pressure due to STJ + High Pressure over Tibet = strong divergence = no rainfall]
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Question 12 of 30
12. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the rivers in North East India:
- The Sunderban delta is formed by Ganges river system and Brahmaputra river system only.
- The Barak River originates in Nagaland and it flows into Assam past the town of silchar and after that it gets divided into two parts of Surma River and Kushiyara River.
- River Brahmaputra is called as Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet, Dihang in mountainous course and Siang in plain valley area of Arunachal Pradesh, Brahmaputra in Assam and Padma in Bangladesh.
- Brahmaputra is a classic example of a braided river and is highly susceptible to channel migration and avulsion. It is also one of the few rivers in the world that exhibit a tidal bore.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Note: – Level of the question is very difficult.
This question has been asked due to many reasons such as:-
- Chinese refused to share Brahmaputra river data with us after Doklam incident in 2017 and also China is building many dams on Brahmaputra River.
- Clashes in the Barak river valley and Brahmaputra valley due to citizenship amendment bill. This issue dominated headlines for most part of the year and we have no reasons as why not to include a question based on this in the geography section.
- PM of India has inaugurated many bridges in past 4-5 years over Brahmaputra.
- Frequent Floods in Brahmaputra River displacing lakhs of people every year during south west monsoons.
Hence Candidates are advised to look into this aspect very carefully. It is not possible to cover all angles in one question but we have tried our best. Kindly do have a good look at this by referring the internet.
Explanation:
FIRST OF ALL PLEASE SEE THE LINK FOR UNDERSTANDING THE LOCATION OF BARAK VALLEY AND BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY.
https://images.indianexpress.com/2018/07/assam-nrc-8.jpg
The Surma-Meghna River System is a river complex in the Indian Subcontinent, one of the three that form the Ganges Delta, the largest on earth. The other two are Ganges and Brahmaputra river system. The River rises in the Manipur Hills of northeast India as the Barak River and flows west becoming the Surma River and then flows south as the Meghna River.
After entering into south Assam, Barak divides in two, with the northern branch being called the Surma River and the southern branch the Kushiyara River. At this point the river enters the Sylhet Depression (or trough) which forms the Surma Basin.
The Surma is fed by tributaries from the Meghalaya Hills to the north, and is also known as the Baulai River after it is joined by the south-flowing Someswari River.
The Kushiyara receives tributaries from the Sylhet Hills and Tripura Hills to the south, the principal one from the Tripura Hills being the Manu. The Kushiyara is also known as the Kai River after it is joined by a major offshoot (distributary) from the Surma.
When the Surma and the Kushiyara finally rejoin in Kishoreganj District above Bhairab Bazar, the river is known as the Meghna River.
River Brahmaputra is called as Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet, Siang in mountainous course and Dihang in plain valley area of Arunachal Pradesh, Brahmaputra in Assam and Jamuna in Bangladesh.
Brahmaputra flows southwest through the Assam Valley as Brahmaputra and south through Bangladesh as the Jamuna (not to be mistaken with Yamuna of India). In the vast Ganges Delta, it merges with the Padma, which is the popular name of the river Ganges in Bangladesh, and finally the Meghna (surma + kushiyara) and from here it is known as Meghna before emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
http://wikimapia.org/river/679971/Dihang-or-Siang
Extra Information:-
PLEASE SEE THE LINK TO UNDERSTAND THE LOCATION OF CURRENT AND PROPOSED BRIDGES ON RIVER BRAHMAPUTRA.
https://images.indianexpress.com/2019/03/river.jpg
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs approved the construction of a four-lane bridge over the Brahmaputra. It will be the country’s longest, and will boost connectivity and commerce in the region.
At 19.28 km, it will connect Dhubri in Assam to Phulbari in Meghalaya. It is projected to reduce the travel distance between these two places from 205.3 km to 19.282 km, and travel time from 5 hours to 20 minutes.
The current longest road and rail-road bridges of the country are already over the Brahmaputra.
The Dhola-Sadiya bridge (road) runs 9.15 km, and the Bogibeel bridge (rail-road) is 4.94 km.
The bridge will be built under the North-East Road Network Connectivity Project with loan assistance from Japan International Cooperation Agency.
https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/why-the-brahmaputra-needs-long-bridges-5612765/
Incorrect
Note: – Level of the question is very difficult.
This question has been asked due to many reasons such as:-
- Chinese refused to share Brahmaputra river data with us after Doklam incident in 2017 and also China is building many dams on Brahmaputra River.
- Clashes in the Barak river valley and Brahmaputra valley due to citizenship amendment bill. This issue dominated headlines for most part of the year and we have no reasons as why not to include a question based on this in the geography section.
- PM of India has inaugurated many bridges in past 4-5 years over Brahmaputra.
- Frequent Floods in Brahmaputra River displacing lakhs of people every year during south west monsoons.
Hence Candidates are advised to look into this aspect very carefully. It is not possible to cover all angles in one question but we have tried our best. Kindly do have a good look at this by referring the internet.
Explanation:
FIRST OF ALL PLEASE SEE THE LINK FOR UNDERSTANDING THE LOCATION OF BARAK VALLEY AND BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY.
https://images.indianexpress.com/2018/07/assam-nrc-8.jpg
The Surma-Meghna River System is a river complex in the Indian Subcontinent, one of the three that form the Ganges Delta, the largest on earth. The other two are Ganges and Brahmaputra river system. The River rises in the Manipur Hills of northeast India as the Barak River and flows west becoming the Surma River and then flows south as the Meghna River.
After entering into south Assam, Barak divides in two, with the northern branch being called the Surma River and the southern branch the Kushiyara River. At this point the river enters the Sylhet Depression (or trough) which forms the Surma Basin.
The Surma is fed by tributaries from the Meghalaya Hills to the north, and is also known as the Baulai River after it is joined by the south-flowing Someswari River.
The Kushiyara receives tributaries from the Sylhet Hills and Tripura Hills to the south, the principal one from the Tripura Hills being the Manu. The Kushiyara is also known as the Kai River after it is joined by a major offshoot (distributary) from the Surma.
When the Surma and the Kushiyara finally rejoin in Kishoreganj District above Bhairab Bazar, the river is known as the Meghna River.
River Brahmaputra is called as Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet, Siang in mountainous course and Dihang in plain valley area of Arunachal Pradesh, Brahmaputra in Assam and Jamuna in Bangladesh.
Brahmaputra flows southwest through the Assam Valley as Brahmaputra and south through Bangladesh as the Jamuna (not to be mistaken with Yamuna of India). In the vast Ganges Delta, it merges with the Padma, which is the popular name of the river Ganges in Bangladesh, and finally the Meghna (surma + kushiyara) and from here it is known as Meghna before emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
http://wikimapia.org/river/679971/Dihang-or-Siang
Extra Information:-
PLEASE SEE THE LINK TO UNDERSTAND THE LOCATION OF CURRENT AND PROPOSED BRIDGES ON RIVER BRAHMAPUTRA.
https://images.indianexpress.com/2019/03/river.jpg
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs approved the construction of a four-lane bridge over the Brahmaputra. It will be the country’s longest, and will boost connectivity and commerce in the region.
At 19.28 km, it will connect Dhubri in Assam to Phulbari in Meghalaya. It is projected to reduce the travel distance between these two places from 205.3 km to 19.282 km, and travel time from 5 hours to 20 minutes.
The current longest road and rail-road bridges of the country are already over the Brahmaputra.
The Dhola-Sadiya bridge (road) runs 9.15 km, and the Bogibeel bridge (rail-road) is 4.94 km.
The bridge will be built under the North-East Road Network Connectivity Project with loan assistance from Japan International Cooperation Agency.
https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/why-the-brahmaputra-needs-long-bridges-5612765/
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Question 13 of 30
13. Question
Which one of the following statements regarding the Monsoons is incorrect?
Correct
Explanation:
Monsoons are peculiar to Indian Subcontinent, South East Asia, parts of central Western Africa (Not North Western America)
Incorrect
Explanation:
Monsoons are peculiar to Indian Subcontinent, South East Asia, parts of central Western Africa (Not North Western America)
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Question 14 of 30
14. Question
Consider the following statements:
- Intense heating of Tibetan plateau during summer months.
- Permanent high pressure cell in the South Indian Ocean (east to north-east of Madagascar in summer).
- Subtropical Jet Stream (STJ).
- Tropical Easterly Jet (African Easterly Jet).
- Inter Tropical Convergence Zone.
Which of the above statements are the Factors responsible for south-west monsoon formation?
Correct
Subtropical Jet Stream (STJ), Tropical Easterly Jet (African Easterly Jet) and Inter Tropical Convergence Zone are the Factors that influence the onset of south-west monsoons. They are not the Factors responsible for south-west monsoon formation. They just influence onset.
The Intense heating of Tibetan plateau during summer months and the Permanent high pressure cell in the South Indian Ocean (east to north-east of Madagascar in summer) are the Factors that are not just responsible for south-west monsoon formation but they also influence onset of south west monsoon.
Incorrect
Subtropical Jet Stream (STJ), Tropical Easterly Jet (African Easterly Jet) and Inter Tropical Convergence Zone are the Factors that influence the onset of south-west monsoons. They are not the Factors responsible for south-west monsoon formation. They just influence onset.
The Intense heating of Tibetan plateau during summer months and the Permanent high pressure cell in the South Indian Ocean (east to north-east of Madagascar in summer) are the Factors that are not just responsible for south-west monsoon formation but they also influence onset of south west monsoon.
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Question 15 of 30
15. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the El Nino condition:
- In an El Nino year, air pressure drops over large areas of the central Pacific and along the coast of South America.
- Because of El Nino severe droughts occur in Australia, Indonesia, India and southern Africa.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Explanation:
El Niño is the name given to the occasional development of warm ocean surface waters along the coast of Ecuador and Peru. When this warming occurs the usual upwelling of cold, nutrient rich deep ocean water is significantly reduced.
In an El Niño year, air pressure drops over large areas of the central Pacific and along the coast of South America. The normal low pressure system is replaced by a weak high in the western Pacific (the southern oscillation). These changes in pressure pattern causes the trade winds to be reduced == Weak Walker Cell. Sometimes Walker Cell might even get reversed.
This reduction allows the equatorial counter current (current along doldrums) to accumulate warm ocean water along the coastlines of Peru and Ecuador. This accumulation of warm water causes the thermocline to drop in the eastern part of Pacific Ocean which cuts off the upwelling of cold deep ocean water along the coast of Peru.
Climatically, the development of an El Niño brings drought to the western Pacific, rains to the equatorial coast of South America, and convective storms and hurricanes to the central Pacific.
Effects of El Nino includes the warmer waters had a devastating effect on marine life existing off the coast of Peru and Ecuador.
Fish catches off the coast of South America were lower than in the normal year (Because there is no upwelling). Severe droughts occur in Australia, Indonesia, India and southern Africa and heavy rains in California, Ecuador, and the Gulf of Mexico.
Incorrect
Explanation:
El Niño is the name given to the occasional development of warm ocean surface waters along the coast of Ecuador and Peru. When this warming occurs the usual upwelling of cold, nutrient rich deep ocean water is significantly reduced.
In an El Niño year, air pressure drops over large areas of the central Pacific and along the coast of South America. The normal low pressure system is replaced by a weak high in the western Pacific (the southern oscillation). These changes in pressure pattern causes the trade winds to be reduced == Weak Walker Cell. Sometimes Walker Cell might even get reversed.
This reduction allows the equatorial counter current (current along doldrums) to accumulate warm ocean water along the coastlines of Peru and Ecuador. This accumulation of warm water causes the thermocline to drop in the eastern part of Pacific Ocean which cuts off the upwelling of cold deep ocean water along the coast of Peru.
Climatically, the development of an El Niño brings drought to the western Pacific, rains to the equatorial coast of South America, and convective storms and hurricanes to the central Pacific.
Effects of El Nino includes the warmer waters had a devastating effect on marine life existing off the coast of Peru and Ecuador.
Fish catches off the coast of South America were lower than in the normal year (Because there is no upwelling). Severe droughts occur in Australia, Indonesia, India and southern Africa and heavy rains in California, Ecuador, and the Gulf of Mexico.
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Question 16 of 30
16. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the ENSO [El Nino southern oscillation]:
- The formation of an El Niño [Circulation of Water] is linked with Pacific Ocean circulation pattern known as the southern oscillation.
- Southern Oscillation, in oceanography and climatology, is a coherent inter-annual fluctuation of atmospheric pressure over the tropical Indian Ocean region.
Which of the above statements are incorrect?
Correct
Explanation:
Southern Oscillation, in oceanography and climatology, is a coherent inter-annual fluctuation of atmospheric pressure over the tropical Indo-Pacific (not Indian Ocean) region.
Extra info:
El Nino and Southern Oscillation coincide most of the times hence their combination is called ENSO – El Nino Southern Oscillation.
Only El Nino = [Warm water in Eastern Pacific + Cold water in Western Pacific].
Only southern oscillation = [Low Pressure over Eastern Pacific + High Pressure over Western Pacific]
ENSO = [Warm water in Eastern Pacific + Low Pressure over Eastern Pacific] + [Cold water in Western Pacific + High Pressure over Western Pacific].
Incorrect
Explanation:
Southern Oscillation, in oceanography and climatology, is a coherent inter-annual fluctuation of atmospheric pressure over the tropical Indo-Pacific (not Indian Ocean) region.
Extra info:
El Nino and Southern Oscillation coincide most of the times hence their combination is called ENSO – El Nino Southern Oscillation.
Only El Nino = [Warm water in Eastern Pacific + Cold water in Western Pacific].
Only southern oscillation = [Low Pressure over Eastern Pacific + High Pressure over Western Pacific]
ENSO = [Warm water in Eastern Pacific + Low Pressure over Eastern Pacific] + [Cold water in Western Pacific + High Pressure over Western Pacific].
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Question 17 of 30
17. Question
The north-east trade winds cause which of the following in India?
Correct
Explanation: Winter rains in Chennai are caused by north-east trade winds.
Incorrect
Explanation: Winter rains in Chennai are caused by north-east trade winds.
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Question 18 of 30
18. Question
Consider the following statements regarding North East Monsoon (NEM):
- While Southwest Monsoon covers entire country, Northeast Monsoon (NEM) affects only five sub-divisions of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, South Interior Karnataka, Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra Pradesh.
- Unlike Southwest Monsoon, there is no official onset date for Northeast Monsoon (NEM) as well as the Monsoon sets in one go over the region.
- Rainfall variation is much more in Northeast Monsoon as compared to Southwest Monsoon.
- Usually intense cyclonic systems cause rainfall and improve the NEM’s performance, at least in the southern states, but that did not happen with the southern peninsula this time (end of 2018).
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Note: – Level of the question is very difficult.
The question contains 6 statements instead of the usual 4 because monsoon has been a complex issue and we wanted to complete much of it in as little space as possible. Also, the north east monsoon is usually given less importance by students as compared to the south west monsoon, so it is to be taken as a learning curve.
The tough and detailed question on North East Monsoon was asked due to many current developments related to it:
In 2015, there was copious rainfall over Chennai which resulted in severe floods. One of the reasons was the extreme activity of the North East Monsoon. Please see the info graphic from DownToEarth for better understanding.
https://cdn.downtoearth.org.in/uploads/0.97807300_1451544231_49-1-2016-01-15.jpg
The 2018 Kerala floods were due to excessive activity of both South West Monsoon and North East Monsoon. Kindly see the info graphic from times of India and note down the finer details for complete understanding of the issue.
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/kerala-floods-it-is-very-bad-and-getting-worse/articleshow/65432466.cms
In January of 2019, it was reported that the south west monsoon last year was around 9% deficient but the north east monsoon in end of 2018 was deficient to the tune of 44% causing adverse effect on both winter sown rabi crop as well as the winter precipitation over Himalayas. Kindly see the link from DownToEarth given below. Its last paragraph also addresses the point 6 of the above question.
https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/environment/poor-northeast-monsoon-spells-trouble-for-rabi-season-62747
Climate change has been a burning issue since past many years and this year is no exception with reports being circulated of setting up of a weak El-Nino this year. The following link is of February 2019 which indicates that El-Nino may affect Indian Monsoon this year. When we talk of Indian Monsoon both SW and NE are included. Since SW is covered in detail by routine questions the focus was on NE monsoon.
https://weather.com/en-IN/india/news/news/2019-02-15-weak-el-nino-forms-in-pacific-may-affect-monsoon
The first five statements, all of them which are correct were taken from the following link of skymet.
https://www.skymetweather.com/content/weather-news-and-analysis/know-how-northeast-monsoon-is-different-from-southwest-monsoon/
Incorrect
Note: – Level of the question is very difficult.
The question contains 6 statements instead of the usual 4 because monsoon has been a complex issue and we wanted to complete much of it in as little space as possible. Also, the north east monsoon is usually given less importance by students as compared to the south west monsoon, so it is to be taken as a learning curve.
The tough and detailed question on North East Monsoon was asked due to many current developments related to it:
In 2015, there was copious rainfall over Chennai which resulted in severe floods. One of the reasons was the extreme activity of the North East Monsoon. Please see the info graphic from DownToEarth for better understanding.
https://cdn.downtoearth.org.in/uploads/0.97807300_1451544231_49-1-2016-01-15.jpg
The 2018 Kerala floods were due to excessive activity of both South West Monsoon and North East Monsoon. Kindly see the info graphic from times of India and note down the finer details for complete understanding of the issue.
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/kerala-floods-it-is-very-bad-and-getting-worse/articleshow/65432466.cms
In January of 2019, it was reported that the south west monsoon last year was around 9% deficient but the north east monsoon in end of 2018 was deficient to the tune of 44% causing adverse effect on both winter sown rabi crop as well as the winter precipitation over Himalayas. Kindly see the link from DownToEarth given below. Its last paragraph also addresses the point 6 of the above question.
https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/environment/poor-northeast-monsoon-spells-trouble-for-rabi-season-62747
Climate change has been a burning issue since past many years and this year is no exception with reports being circulated of setting up of a weak El-Nino this year. The following link is of February 2019 which indicates that El-Nino may affect Indian Monsoon this year. When we talk of Indian Monsoon both SW and NE are included. Since SW is covered in detail by routine questions the focus was on NE monsoon.
https://weather.com/en-IN/india/news/news/2019-02-15-weak-el-nino-forms-in-pacific-may-affect-monsoon
The first five statements, all of them which are correct were taken from the following link of skymet.
https://www.skymetweather.com/content/weather-news-and-analysis/know-how-northeast-monsoon-is-different-from-southwest-monsoon/
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Question 19 of 30
19. Question
The concept of differential heating was primarily given to explain which of the following geographical phenomena in India?
Correct
Explanation: The concept of differential heating about the origin of Indian Monsoon was given by Halley.
Incorrect
Explanation: The concept of differential heating about the origin of Indian Monsoon was given by Halley.
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Question 20 of 30
20. Question
Which of the following rivers does not flow into the Arabian Sea?
- Ulhass River.
- Sabarmati
- Mandovi/Mahadayi
- Narmada
Choose from the following options:
Correct
All of the above flow into Arabian Sea.
Explanation:-
Mandovi or Mahadayi River is in news because of 3 reasons:
First the Goa government has given 6 month extension to casinos.
Second, a new cable strayed bridge has been inaugurated on it.
Thirdly, 50 year old dispute between Karnataka and Goa has been ended by the Mahadayi river water tribunal.
https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/goa-government-gives-mandovi-river-casinos-6-month-extension/1331110/
http://www.tourismnewslive.com/2019/01/25/new-cable-stayed-bridge-over-river-mandovi-in-goa-to-be-inaugurated-on-sunday/
https://www.news18.com/news/india/karnataka-will-get-13-5-tmc-mahadayi-water-tribunal-ends-50-year-old-water-dispute-with-goa-1844471.html
Ulhass River is in news because of 4 reasons:
Firstly, a boat ride service has been started at thane creek which is formed by Ulhass River.
Secondly, a case is going on in the Supreme Court related to pollution of Ulhass River.
Thirdly, Thane creek was declared as a flamingo sanctuary by the Maharashtra government in 2015.
Fourthly, a museum on history of ulhass river basin has been inaugurated recently.
https://www.mid-day.com/articles/untreated-sewage-continues-to-deface-ulhas-river/20571186
http://www.asianage.com/metros/mumbai/271018/boat-ride-at-thane-creek-to-start-from-november.html
https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/coming-soon-ulhas-river-basin-s-history-in-a-museum/story-QsWbAACvwy2OJ8VbnhKS6O.html
Explanation 1:
The Mahadayi/Mandovi River also known as Mahadayi or Mhadei River is described as the lifeline of the Indian state of Goa. The Mandovi and the Zuari are the two primary rivers in the the Mormugao harbour.
Panaji, the state capital and Old Goa, the former capital of Goa, are both situated on the left bank of the Mandovi.
It originates from Bhimgad in the Western Ghats in the Belagavi district of Karnataka. With its cerulean waters, Dudhsagar Falls and Varapoha Falls, it is also known as the Gomati in a few places.
Three large freshwater isles — Divar, Chorão and Vanxim are present in the Mandovi near the town of Old Goa. The island of Chorão is home to the Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, named after the renowned ornithologist Salim Ali.
Explanation 2:
A river that has its beginnings in pristine streams flowing down from the Western Ghats at Rajmachi near Lonavala, the Ulhas ends as a smelly creek in the Arabian Sea.
The Ulhas begins its 122-km journey to Mumbai and the sea near Tungarli dam, where it is a fairly shallow water body. As it travels, it swells in volume and size with mountain streams feeding it.
The river flows via Pune, Raigad and Thane districts, where the inhabitants of its banks use it for various purposes including washing clothes and fishing. The river flows through Khandala valley and interior Karjat. It then flows through Bhivpuri, Neral, Badlapur, Ambernath, Ulhasnagar, Shahad, Kalyan and Dombivli before joining the the Vasai creek and, eventually, reaching the Arabian Sea.
The Maharashtra Government has declared the area along the western bank of the Thane Creek as the “Thane Creek Flamingo Sanctuary”. It will be Maharashtra’s second marine sanctuary after Malvan sanctuary.
The location of the places has been taken from the following link:-
https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/ulhas-river-how-a-river-dies/article8610049.ece
Incorrect
All of the above flow into Arabian Sea.
Explanation:-
Mandovi or Mahadayi River is in news because of 3 reasons:
First the Goa government has given 6 month extension to casinos.
Second, a new cable strayed bridge has been inaugurated on it.
Thirdly, 50 year old dispute between Karnataka and Goa has been ended by the Mahadayi river water tribunal.
https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/goa-government-gives-mandovi-river-casinos-6-month-extension/1331110/
http://www.tourismnewslive.com/2019/01/25/new-cable-stayed-bridge-over-river-mandovi-in-goa-to-be-inaugurated-on-sunday/
https://www.news18.com/news/india/karnataka-will-get-13-5-tmc-mahadayi-water-tribunal-ends-50-year-old-water-dispute-with-goa-1844471.html
Ulhass River is in news because of 4 reasons:
Firstly, a boat ride service has been started at thane creek which is formed by Ulhass River.
Secondly, a case is going on in the Supreme Court related to pollution of Ulhass River.
Thirdly, Thane creek was declared as a flamingo sanctuary by the Maharashtra government in 2015.
Fourthly, a museum on history of ulhass river basin has been inaugurated recently.
https://www.mid-day.com/articles/untreated-sewage-continues-to-deface-ulhas-river/20571186
http://www.asianage.com/metros/mumbai/271018/boat-ride-at-thane-creek-to-start-from-november.html
https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/coming-soon-ulhas-river-basin-s-history-in-a-museum/story-QsWbAACvwy2OJ8VbnhKS6O.html
Explanation 1:
The Mahadayi/Mandovi River also known as Mahadayi or Mhadei River is described as the lifeline of the Indian state of Goa. The Mandovi and the Zuari are the two primary rivers in the the Mormugao harbour.
Panaji, the state capital and Old Goa, the former capital of Goa, are both situated on the left bank of the Mandovi.
It originates from Bhimgad in the Western Ghats in the Belagavi district of Karnataka. With its cerulean waters, Dudhsagar Falls and Varapoha Falls, it is also known as the Gomati in a few places.
Three large freshwater isles — Divar, Chorão and Vanxim are present in the Mandovi near the town of Old Goa. The island of Chorão is home to the Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, named after the renowned ornithologist Salim Ali.
Explanation 2:
A river that has its beginnings in pristine streams flowing down from the Western Ghats at Rajmachi near Lonavala, the Ulhas ends as a smelly creek in the Arabian Sea.
The Ulhas begins its 122-km journey to Mumbai and the sea near Tungarli dam, where it is a fairly shallow water body. As it travels, it swells in volume and size with mountain streams feeding it.
The river flows via Pune, Raigad and Thane districts, where the inhabitants of its banks use it for various purposes including washing clothes and fishing. The river flows through Khandala valley and interior Karjat. It then flows through Bhivpuri, Neral, Badlapur, Ambernath, Ulhasnagar, Shahad, Kalyan and Dombivli before joining the the Vasai creek and, eventually, reaching the Arabian Sea.
The Maharashtra Government has declared the area along the western bank of the Thane Creek as the “Thane Creek Flamingo Sanctuary”. It will be Maharashtra’s second marine sanctuary after Malvan sanctuary.
The location of the places has been taken from the following link:-
https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/ulhas-river-how-a-river-dies/article8610049.ece
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Question 21 of 30
21. Question
Which of the following statement is/are correct with respect to ‘Credit Rating Agencies’?
- It is an agency that collects and researches individual credit information and sells it for a fee to creditors so they can make a decision on granting loans.
- Credit Analysis and Research limited (CARE) and Credit Rating Information Services of India Limited (CRISIL) are the only Credit Rating Agencies in India
Select the correct statements
Correct
Credit Rating Agencies (CRA) assess creditworthiness of organisation and different entities. In simple words, these agencies analyse a debtor’s ability to repay the debt and also rate their credit risk. All the credit rating agencies in India are regulated by SEBI (Credit Rating Agencies) Regulations, 1999 of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992.
Other CRAs are Brickwork Ratings (BWR), Small and Medium Enterprises Rating Agency of India (SMERA), ICRA LIMITED etc.
Read More – https://www.bankbazaar.com/cibil/credit-rating-agencies-in-india.html
Incorrect
Credit Rating Agencies (CRA) assess creditworthiness of organisation and different entities. In simple words, these agencies analyse a debtor’s ability to repay the debt and also rate their credit risk. All the credit rating agencies in India are regulated by SEBI (Credit Rating Agencies) Regulations, 1999 of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992.
Other CRAs are Brickwork Ratings (BWR), Small and Medium Enterprises Rating Agency of India (SMERA), ICRA LIMITED etc.
Read More – https://www.bankbazaar.com/cibil/credit-rating-agencies-in-india.html
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Question 22 of 30
22. Question
Consider the following statements with respect to ‘India Post Payments Bank (IPPB)’
- It does not offer the facility of Current Account
- It does not offer any ATM debit card
- As per RBI rules, one cannot hold more than ₹ 1 lakh in IPPB savings accounts
Select the correct statements
Correct
IPPB offers the facility of a Current Account to the small merchants/ kirana stores and individual businessmen. This account is a prerequisite for carrying out and expanding business. IPPB’s Current Account gets you started on the road to digital transactions for your business needs. Along with this, IPPB also offers a Merchant App for meeting business requirements. The current account can be opened at the Post Office Counters or at your doorstep through our Postman/GDS.
All the 3 IPPB savings accounts offer some common features and benefits, including 4% interest rate, no minimum balance, etc. As per RBI rules, you can’t hold more than ₹ 1 lakh in all payments bank accounts but you can open a post office bank account where any amount in excess of ₹ 1 lakh will be transferred.
None of these IPPB savings accounts allows you to open a joint account. You also don’t get a cheque book, debit card or ATM card but a QR card, which allows you the benefit of all three.
Incorrect
IPPB offers the facility of a Current Account to the small merchants/ kirana stores and individual businessmen. This account is a prerequisite for carrying out and expanding business. IPPB’s Current Account gets you started on the road to digital transactions for your business needs. Along with this, IPPB also offers a Merchant App for meeting business requirements. The current account can be opened at the Post Office Counters or at your doorstep through our Postman/GDS.
All the 3 IPPB savings accounts offer some common features and benefits, including 4% interest rate, no minimum balance, etc. As per RBI rules, you can’t hold more than ₹ 1 lakh in all payments bank accounts but you can open a post office bank account where any amount in excess of ₹ 1 lakh will be transferred.
None of these IPPB savings accounts allows you to open a joint account. You also don’t get a cheque book, debit card or ATM card but a QR card, which allows you the benefit of all three.
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Question 23 of 30
23. Question
Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Commercial Paper (CP)’
- It can be issued in denominations of Rs.5 lakh or multiples thereof
- Only a scheduled bank can act as an Issuing and Paying Agent (IPA) for issuance of CP
- It is always issued at a discount to face value
Select the correct statements
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Question 24 of 30
24. Question
‘e-VBAB Network Project’ is associated with
Correct
E-VBAB Network Project is primarily a technological upgrade and extension of the Pan-African e-Network Project (Phase 1) which was implemented in 48 partner countries across Africa from 2009 till 2017.
Read More – https://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/30373/Signing+of+Agreement+between+MEA+and+TCIL+for+the+eVBAB+Network+Project
Incorrect
E-VBAB Network Project is primarily a technological upgrade and extension of the Pan-African e-Network Project (Phase 1) which was implemented in 48 partner countries across Africa from 2009 till 2017.
Read More – https://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/30373/Signing+of+Agreement+between+MEA+and+TCIL+for+the+eVBAB+Network+Project
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Question 25 of 30
25. Question
Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)’
- It seeks to prevent nuclear proliferation by controlling the export of materials, equipment and technology that can be used to manufacture nuclear weapons.
- North Korea and China are the only countries who are yet to sign the treaty.
Select the correct statements
Correct
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is the Treaty banning all nuclear explosions – everywhere, by everyone. The Treaty was negotiated at the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva and adopted by the United Nations General Assembly. It opened for signature on 24 September 1996. Since then, the Treaty has reached near-universality. 182 countries have signed the Treaty – the last country to do so was Trinidad and Tobago on 8 October 2009 which also ratified the Treaty on 26 May 2010. 154 countries have ratified the Treaty – most recently Ghana on 14 June 2011.
The treaty will enter into force 180 days after the 44 states listed in Annex 2 of the treaty have ratified it. These “Annex 2 states” are states that participated in the CTBT’s negotiations between 1994 and 1996 and possessed nuclear power reactors or research reactors at that time. As of 2016, eight Annex 2 states have not ratified the treaty: China, Egypt, Iran, Israel and the United States have signed but not ratified the Treaty; India, North Korea and Pakistan have not signed it.
Incorrect
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is the Treaty banning all nuclear explosions – everywhere, by everyone. The Treaty was negotiated at the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva and adopted by the United Nations General Assembly. It opened for signature on 24 September 1996. Since then, the Treaty has reached near-universality. 182 countries have signed the Treaty – the last country to do so was Trinidad and Tobago on 8 October 2009 which also ratified the Treaty on 26 May 2010. 154 countries have ratified the Treaty – most recently Ghana on 14 June 2011.
The treaty will enter into force 180 days after the 44 states listed in Annex 2 of the treaty have ratified it. These “Annex 2 states” are states that participated in the CTBT’s negotiations between 1994 and 1996 and possessed nuclear power reactors or research reactors at that time. As of 2016, eight Annex 2 states have not ratified the treaty: China, Egypt, Iran, Israel and the United States have signed but not ratified the Treaty; India, North Korea and Pakistan have not signed it.
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Question 26 of 30
26. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Gold bought by, The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for the first time in nearly a decade in 2018:
- More than 60% of the RBI’s foreign reserves are held in the form of Gold.
- India is the largest holder of Gold reserve in the World.
Which of the above is / are correct?
Correct
More than 60% of the RBI’s foreign reserves are held in the form of bonds and securities.
The Reserve Bank of India, which added 6.5 tonnes of gold to its reserves in January 2019, taking its total holding forming part of its foreign exchange reserves to 607 tonnes, is set to become the tenth largest holder of the metal worldwide, displacing the Nerherlands.
According to data provided by the World Gold Council, India’s share of gold held globally has been rising steadily to stand at 6.2 per cent at the end of 2018 and has gone up further in January 2019.
https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-the-rbi-bought-gold-for-the-first-time-since-2009/articleshow/65669182.cms
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/commodities/news/rbi-buys-gold-for-first-time-in-nearly-a-decade/articleshow/65651133.cms
Incorrect
More than 60% of the RBI’s foreign reserves are held in the form of bonds and securities.
The Reserve Bank of India, which added 6.5 tonnes of gold to its reserves in January 2019, taking its total holding forming part of its foreign exchange reserves to 607 tonnes, is set to become the tenth largest holder of the metal worldwide, displacing the Nerherlands.
According to data provided by the World Gold Council, India’s share of gold held globally has been rising steadily to stand at 6.2 per cent at the end of 2018 and has gone up further in January 2019.
https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-the-rbi-bought-gold-for-the-first-time-since-2009/articleshow/65669182.cms
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/commodities/news/rbi-buys-gold-for-first-time-in-nearly-a-decade/articleshow/65651133.cms
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Question 27 of 30
27. Question
WHO recently released a paper titled ‘Mycotoxins’. Consider the following statements:
- Mycotoxins are manmade toxins produced by certain moulds (fungi) and are found in artificially made food.
- Mycotoxins can cause a variety of adverse health effects and pose a serious health threat to both humans and livestock.
- Aflatoxins are amongst the most poisonous mycotoxins and are produced by certain moulds which grow in soil, decaying vegetation, hay, and grains.
Which of the given statements is/are correct?
Correct
Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxins produced by certain moulds (fungi) and can be found in food.
- The moulds grow on a variety of different crops and foodstuffs including cereals, nuts, spices, dried fruits, apples and coffee beans, often under warm and humid conditions.
- Mycotoxins can cause a variety of adverse health effects and pose a serious health threat to both humans and livestock.
- The adverse health effects of mycotoxins range from acute poisoning to long-term effects such as immune deficiency and cancer.
Aflatoxins are amongst the most poisonous mycotoxins and are produced by certain moulds (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus) which grow in soil, decaying vegetation, hay, and grains. There is also evidence that they can cause liver cancer in humans
Ochratoxin A is produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium and is a common food-contaminating mycotoxin. Contamination of food commodities, such as cereals and cereal products, coffee beans, dry vine fruits, wine and grape juice, spices and liquorice, occurs worldwide. Ochratoxin A is formed during the storage of crops and is known to cause a number of toxic effects in animal species.
Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of moulds, particularly Aspergillus, Penicillium and Byssochlamys. Often found in rotting apples and apple products, patulin can also occur in various mouldy fruits, grains and other foods. Major human dietary sources of patulin are apples and apple juice made from affected fruit.
https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/steps-to-stop-the-rot/article24875097.ece
Incorrect
Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxins produced by certain moulds (fungi) and can be found in food.
- The moulds grow on a variety of different crops and foodstuffs including cereals, nuts, spices, dried fruits, apples and coffee beans, often under warm and humid conditions.
- Mycotoxins can cause a variety of adverse health effects and pose a serious health threat to both humans and livestock.
- The adverse health effects of mycotoxins range from acute poisoning to long-term effects such as immune deficiency and cancer.
Aflatoxins are amongst the most poisonous mycotoxins and are produced by certain moulds (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus) which grow in soil, decaying vegetation, hay, and grains. There is also evidence that they can cause liver cancer in humans
Ochratoxin A is produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium and is a common food-contaminating mycotoxin. Contamination of food commodities, such as cereals and cereal products, coffee beans, dry vine fruits, wine and grape juice, spices and liquorice, occurs worldwide. Ochratoxin A is formed during the storage of crops and is known to cause a number of toxic effects in animal species.
Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of moulds, particularly Aspergillus, Penicillium and Byssochlamys. Often found in rotting apples and apple products, patulin can also occur in various mouldy fruits, grains and other foods. Major human dietary sources of patulin are apples and apple juice made from affected fruit.
https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/steps-to-stop-the-rot/article24875097.ece
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Question 28 of 30
28. Question
Consider the following statements regarding ‘edible-oil’ consumption in India:
- India is the largest producers of edible oil in the World.
- Edible-oil accounts for one of the largest agricultural commodity being exported by India.
Which of the given statements is/are correct?
Correct
Both the statements are wrong.
Among food commodities, edible oil import is the largest with a foreign exchange outgo of a humongous $11 Billion (₹77,000 crore) towards import of about 15 million tonnes of various types of oils. Imports are necessary because consumption continues to far outstrip domestic production.
The central government has prepared a five-year schedule to double India’s edible oil production and reduce import dependence, through expansion in sowing area and yield.
https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/lets-cut-edible-oil-imports/article24979978.ece
https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/govt-plans-to-double-edible-oil-production-by-2022-to-cut-import-dependence-118092400873_1.html
Incorrect
Both the statements are wrong.
Among food commodities, edible oil import is the largest with a foreign exchange outgo of a humongous $11 Billion (₹77,000 crore) towards import of about 15 million tonnes of various types of oils. Imports are necessary because consumption continues to far outstrip domestic production.
The central government has prepared a five-year schedule to double India’s edible oil production and reduce import dependence, through expansion in sowing area and yield.
https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/lets-cut-edible-oil-imports/article24979978.ece
https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/govt-plans-to-double-edible-oil-production-by-2022-to-cut-import-dependence-118092400873_1.html
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Question 29 of 30
29. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Sugar production and consumption:
- India is the second largest producer of sugar in the world.
- India is the largest consumer of sugar in the world.
Which of the given statements is/are correct?
Correct
Both the statements are correct.
India, which is the world’s largest consumer of sugar, is set to produce a record yield of sugarcane in the current financial year.
This is largely because sugarcane farmers are assured of a government-mandated fair price from sugar mills that exceeds their costs by a significant margin.
According to data from the Indian Sugar Mills Association, the country’s sugarcane farmers will produce 35.5 million tonnes of sugar between October 2018, when the crop season starts, and September 2019. This is a significant jump over the 32.2 million tonnes it will have produced by the end of 2017-18.
In doing so, India will unseat Brazil as the world’s largest producer of sugar.
Currently, Brazil is the largest producer of sugar in the world.
https://www.businessinsider.in/india-could-soon-become-the-worlds-largest-sugar-producer-but-heres-why-thats-a-problem/articleshow/65657844.cms
Incorrect
Both the statements are correct.
India, which is the world’s largest consumer of sugar, is set to produce a record yield of sugarcane in the current financial year.
This is largely because sugarcane farmers are assured of a government-mandated fair price from sugar mills that exceeds their costs by a significant margin.
According to data from the Indian Sugar Mills Association, the country’s sugarcane farmers will produce 35.5 million tonnes of sugar between October 2018, when the crop season starts, and September 2019. This is a significant jump over the 32.2 million tonnes it will have produced by the end of 2017-18.
In doing so, India will unseat Brazil as the world’s largest producer of sugar.
Currently, Brazil is the largest producer of sugar in the world.
https://www.businessinsider.in/india-could-soon-become-the-worlds-largest-sugar-producer-but-heres-why-thats-a-problem/articleshow/65657844.cms
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Question 30 of 30
30. Question
‘Ethiopia-Eritrea Border Opens for First Time in 20 Years’. Consider the following statements:
- Both Ethiopia and Eritrea are landlocked countries.
- Both share border with Djibouti.
Which of the above is / are correct?
