Solution (b)

Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA)

• It is a law enacted by Parliament to regulate foreign contribution (especially monetary donation)
• As per the FCRA Act 2010, all NGOs are required to be registered under the Act to receive foreign funding.
• Under the Act, organisations require to register themselves every five years.
• Since the Act is internal security legislation, despite being a law related to financial legislation, it falls into the purview of Home Ministry and not the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/three-ngos-linked-to-congress-under-home-ministry-scanner/article32026705.ece

Solution (c)

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) for ensuring housing for all in urban areas was launched on 25th June 2015 for implementation during 2015-2022.

The scheme intends to provide housing for all in urban areas by year 2022. 

The Mission provides Central Assistance to the implementing agencies through States/Union Territories (UTs) and Central Nodal Agencies (CNAs) for providing houses to all eligible families/ beneficiaries against the validated demand for houses for about 1.12 cr. 

As per PMAY(U) guidelines, the size of a house for Economically Weaker Section (EWS) could be upto 30 sq. mt. carpet area, however States/UTs have the flexibility to enhance the size of houses in consultation and approval of the Ministry.

In continuation to this Government’s efforts towards empowerment of women from EWS and LIG unlike earlier schemes, PMAY (U) has made a mandatory provision for the female head of the family to be the owner or co-owner of the house under this Mission.

This scheme is converged with other schemes to ensure houses have a toilet, Saubhagya Yojana electricity connection, Ujjwala Yojana LPG gas connection, access to drinking water and Jan Dhan banking facilities, etc.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cabinet-nod-for-development-of-affordable-rental-housing-complexes-for-urban-migrants-poor/article32022523.ece

https://pmay-urban.gov.in/about

Solution (c)

The six main organs of the United Nations are:

1. General Assembly: The main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the UN
2. Security Council: Primarily responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security 
3. Economic and Social Council: The principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as implementation of internationally agreed development goals
4. Trusteeship Council: Provides international supervision for 11 Trust Territories that had been placed under the administration of seven Member States. It however, suspended its operation on 1 November 1994.
5. International Court of Justice: The principal judicial organ of the United Nations

Secretariat: Carries out the day-to-day work of the UN as mandated by the General Assembly and the Organization’s other principal organs

Solution (d)

The International Court of Justice (ICJ), located in The Hague, in the Netherlands, is the primary judicial organ of the UN. The ICJ’s primary purpose is to adjudicate disputes among states. 

Three UNESCO member states are not UN member states: Cook Islands, Niue, and Palestine (Palestine is a non-member observer State of the United Nations General Assembly since 29 November 2012), while one UN member state (Liechtenstein) is not a UNESCO member.

The International Criminal Court (ICC) is an independent judicial body with jurisdiction over persons charged with genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. It sits in The Hague in the Netherlands.

The Court was established by the Rome Statute. This treaty was negotiated within the UN; however, it created an independent judicial body distinct from the UN.

Solution (d)

Affordable Rental Housing Complexes (ARHCs) for Migrants Workers/ Urban Poor

• Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs has initiated Affordable Rental Housing Complexes (ARHCs), a sub-scheme under Pradhan Mantri AWAS Yojana- Urban (PMAY-U).
• This will provide ease of living to urban migrants/ poor in Industrial Sector as well as in non-formal urban economy to get access to dignified affordable rental housing close to their workplace.

The ARHC scheme will be implemented through two models:

1. Utilizing existing Government funded vacant houses to convert into ARHCs through Public Private Partnership or by Public Agencies
2. Construction, Operation and Maintenance of ARHCs by Public/ Private Entities on their own vacant land

Beneficiaries for ARHCs are urban migrants/ poor from EWS/ LIG categories. ARHCs will be a mix of single bedroom Dwelling Units and Dormitory of 4/6 beds including all common facilities which will be exclusively used for rental housing for a minimum period of 25 years.

Source: https://pmay-urban.gov.in/arhc-about

https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cabinet-nod-for-development-of-affordable-rental-housing-complexes-for-urban-migrants-poor/article32022523.ece