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Hello Friends,
Given the fact that the coveted civil services attract lakhs of youngsters to appear in the examination every year, stiff competition is a given! With the experience attained through multiple interactions with thousands of students and mentoring them, we have realised that cracking this examination takes more than just plain learning and application of concepts. It requires emotional management also. In fact, we can put it first in the prerequisites of qualifying this examination. With hardly a month remaining for the preliminary examination, we thought that sharing our experiences and the ways to tackle various scenarios that you must be facing now will help you manage your anxieties and apprehensions.
One thing that we must understand is that we are all different, our problems, priorities and pains are different and therefore the ways and means to address them are also different. You might be facing the same examination as your roommate is; but for both you, the challenges and moods might be different. In the next few paragraphs, we present an exhaustive list of scenarios that you as a candidate might be facing. Please see whether you fit somewhere in this classification. We have also provided the reasons behind the feelings that you might be experiencing in different scenarios and have also tried to give solutions to address them positively. It is also possible that you find yourself in two or even more than two scenarios. We hope that this objective scenario analysis will help you overcome your anxieties and lead to your success eventually.
Scenario 1: You have not yet completed your revision. Wit each passing day, you rewrite your schedule and convince yourself that there is enough time to revise all the subjects. But deep within, you are a bit scared.
Why does it happen: It happens because your emotions are torn between your commitment to excel and reality. You are committed to clear the exam but at the same time have apprehensions that you might lose it eventually. It happens with the majority of candidates (in fact with the top rankers as well!). The major factor could be your overcommitment due to which you covered so many things in the first phase of the study that it is becoming unmanageable to revise them all. The fear of not revising the hard work already done creates even more anxiety! Another reason could, of course, be procrastination. This is a fundamental human trait in the 21st century. With the internet and social media in our hands, we tend to postpone important things in our life.
What can be done: The first and the foremost thing that you need to do is to prioritise. Believe us, it doesn’t take more than 50% of your acquired knowledge to take the form of wisdom. It is wisdom that does the rest. It simply means that an investment in knowledge always pays the best interest. You might not be able to revise everything that you have read in the past few months but still, the wisdom acquired with the help of those readings will sail you through. Therefore, make a fixed time table and stick to it. Prioritise the areas you need to focus without getting too much concerned about the portions that you are going to leave in this process. The second most important thing to do is to stop procrastinating. Do it now, sometimes later becomes never!
Scenario 2: Everything was going fine. You were scoring high marks test after tests and everyone was betting on your preparation and potential. But then, the last few tests have gone haywire. You have lost the sheen and your performance has dropped. You feel that you are losing it now!
Why does it happen: Success makes us complacent. It also makes failures hard to accept. Our mind and emotions get habitual of pride and praise. A departure from the norm makes it difficult to adapt to the new realities. It hurts the confidence and brings a further dip in performance.
What can be done: No success is permanent and no failure is fatal. The mocks that you are appearing in are meant to train you for the ultimate battle. By no stretch of the imagination, they can become the yardstick to decide your performance in the actual examination. Your failure or rather the limited success in the recent tests mean nothing more than a reminder. It simply tells you to be more careful and don’t take things for granted. You are well prepared and only need to focus harder. Don’t lose the momentum now! It will be fatal. Take your failures with a pinch of salt and move on. Neither try too hard nor be listless. Just keep doing your job.
Scenario 3: This is your last attempt and you are in severe stress. You always think about the results. What if you don’t qualify this time too? What will your parents, friends and family think? have you waited your career?
Why does it happen: It happens because we humans are insecure beings. The feeling of insecurity of any kind overpowers our thinking. We start focusing too much on the negative possibilities rather than the positive ones. We start blaming our fate and also lose faith in hard work. Moreover, having spent a considerable amount of time, the feeling of impatience and frustration starts to foster. Lack of security in terms of career makes us uneasy an under-confident.
What can be done: Understand the concept of time zones. Different parts of the world have different times because they lie in different time zones. Human beings are also in their time zones. It simply means that just like sunlight doesn’t come all at once to the entire planet, success also comes at different times for different individuals. What affects your chances however is despondency. What if this is your time right now? What if there is a guarantee of success this time? Don’t lose this opportunity. Give your 100% and hope for the best. If you sail through, nothing can be better and even if you don’t, there are millions of opportunities waiting to be explored.
Scenario 4: This is your first attempt. You know that there are so many experienced players already in competition. You have a feeling that you don’t stand a chance.
Why does it happen: Contrary to the concept of ‘beginner’s advantage’, freshers suffer from the ill-placed syndrome of ‘beginners disadvantage’. They have a feeling that cramming up concepts of UPSC for years can give an individual edge over the others. This is natural as it happens in many other fields also, most notably sports and jobs.
What can be done: How do some sportsmen have the dream debuts? Why do many first-timers crack UPSC in the very first attempt? The answer is simple. If you have the right tools, the right attitude and the right frame of mind, it doesn’t matter if you are a fresher or a veteran; you will always succeed. You have nothing to lose and no one to compete with except yourself. Just focus on improving your own performance without bothering too much about the people around you.
Scenario 5: You see highly intelligent people around yourself. They study in groups and always keep discussing new concepts, some of which just fly over your head. You have a feeling that you don’t have what it takes to become a civil servant.
Why does it happen: We always tend to put ourselves in comparison to others. Even a slight hint of inferiority bewilders us. We start feeling that we can’t compete with the more competent and the smarter lot. We start feeling excluded and that affects our confidence adversely.
What can be done: Even the smartest and the most talented players have been defeated by the consistent ones. Civil services examination requires consistency in efforts and a willingness to better ourselves. If one goes on to make others as the benchmark, he is bound to get lost in the process. The best thing to do is to stay true to your commitment, strive hard with each passing day and hour and keep improving your abilities. Believe us, success shall be yours.
Scenario 6: You are scared of numbers. Can you succeed by competing lakhs of students? You didn’t even feature in the top 20% of your class in the school/ college! How can you be there in the top 0.5% of the candidates appearing in the examination?
Why does it happen: We get overwhelmed by numbers. India is a country of millions of jobless youth competing neck to neck with each other to get their dream jobs. It is natural to be scared of such stiff competition.
What can be done: A reality check will soothe your senses. Of the lakhs that appear in the preliminary examination, the ones who are actually prepared and hold some potential might only be thousands in number. Moreover, they are all facing the same competition. They are all equally scared of the numbers. You are not alone in this fear. The more you overcome this fear, the better are your chances to succeed.
Scenario 7: Everything is going great. You are high on confidence. You have firm belief in your abilities and hard work. You are sure to crack this examination.
Why does it happen: Hard work and a high level of preparedness give confidence. But it can also lead to overconfidence which can be fatal for you. Many times, brilliant candidates peak much before the actual examination and falter on the ‘D day’.
What can be done: Don’t let your performance peak right now. Remain humble and wait for the right time to give your best performance. There are many like you who are confident of clearing the examination. You have to compete with them and the best way to do it is by not letting your confidence corrupt your senses.
Scenario 8: You are appearing this year just to measure the depth of waters. You will come stronger and better prepared next year. You simply want to have a “feel” of this examination.
Why does it happen: This again is a natural human tendency. Many a time, we don’t give the full throttle fearing failure. We keep convincing ourselves that we have the potential to succeed and we will definitely taste success one day. This escapist tendency might actually be harmful sometimes.
What can be done: Don’t appear in the examination if you aren’t fully prepared. Examination as a process seeps into your intellectual faculties and can cause irreversible harm by affecting your confidence. You won’t even realise it and it will break your spirits. So it is better to stay away from such wishful thinking. If at all, you want to have the “feel”, it would be much better if you attempt the paper at home after the examination.
So, where do you find yourself? It’s perfectly fine to be scared or anxious. We are all human beings. But at the same time, we must have the intelligence to tackle our emotions and move in the right direction.
Success is what we want and success is what we should work for!
All the Best
IASbaba Team
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The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2019 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2019.
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Question 1 of 30
1. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the cropping systems:
- The main objective of mixed cropping is to utilise the space between rows of main crop and to produce more grain per unit area while main objective of inter cropping is insurance against crop failure.
- There is no competition between main and inter crop (subsidiary crop) in mixed crop while there is competition between component crops in inter cropping.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Statements are interchanged for Mixed cropping and inter cropping.
Extra information:
In inter cropping, the main crop may be a long duration one and the inter crop may be a short duration/early maturing one while in mixed cropping ,Crops may or may not be of same duration.
Main and inter crops are sown in definite row arrangement in inter cropping while in mixed cropping, there is no specific row arrangement. Generally crop seeds are mixed and broadcasted.
In inter cropping the sowing time of both the crops may or may not be the same. Sometimes the main crops is sown earlier than the inter crop While in mixed cropping, the sowing time of component crops is same.
Incorrect
Statements are interchanged for Mixed cropping and inter cropping.
Extra information:
In inter cropping, the main crop may be a long duration one and the inter crop may be a short duration/early maturing one while in mixed cropping ,Crops may or may not be of same duration.
Main and inter crops are sown in definite row arrangement in inter cropping while in mixed cropping, there is no specific row arrangement. Generally crop seeds are mixed and broadcasted.
In inter cropping the sowing time of both the crops may or may not be the same. Sometimes the main crops is sown earlier than the inter crop While in mixed cropping, the sowing time of component crops is same.
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Question 2 of 30
2. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the System of Rice Intensification (SRI):
- SRI is a combination of several practices those include changes in nursery management, time of transplanting, water and weed management.
- It emphasizes altering of certain agronomic practices of the conventional way of rice cultivation.
- As per SRI, Rice yield increased with more water and with reduction in chemical inputs.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
SRI is not a fixed package of technical specifications, but a system of production with four main components, viz., soil fertility management, planting method, weed control and water (irrigation) management.
Rice yield increased with “less water” (not more) and with reduction in chemical inputs.
Incorrect
SRI is not a fixed package of technical specifications, but a system of production with four main components, viz., soil fertility management, planting method, weed control and water (irrigation) management.
Rice yield increased with “less water” (not more) and with reduction in chemical inputs.
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Question 3 of 30
3. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI):
- Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) is an innovative set of agronomic practices that involves using more seeds, raising seeds in a nursery, and following new planting methods, with wiser seed spacing, and better water and nutrient management to increase the cane yield significantly.
- These methods can increase sugarcane yields by at least 20% with 30% less water and a 25% reduction in chemical inputs.
- The SSI method of sugarcane cultivation was evolved from the principles of ‘More with Less’ followed in SRI (System of Rice Intensification) and introduced in India in 2009.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI)
Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) is an innovative set of agronomic practices that involves using “less” seeds (not more), raising seeds in a nursery, and following new planting methods, with wiser seed spacing, and better water and nutrient management to increase the cane yield significantly.
SSI methods can increase sugarcane yields b at least 20% with 30% less water and a 25% reduction in chemical inputs.
The SSI method of sugarcane cultivation was evolved from the principles of ‘More with Less followed in SRI (System of Rice Intensification) and introduced in India in 2009.
Incorrect
Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI)
Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) is an innovative set of agronomic practices that involves using “less” seeds (not more), raising seeds in a nursery, and following new planting methods, with wiser seed spacing, and better water and nutrient management to increase the cane yield significantly.
SSI methods can increase sugarcane yields b at least 20% with 30% less water and a 25% reduction in chemical inputs.
The SSI method of sugarcane cultivation was evolved from the principles of ‘More with Less followed in SRI (System of Rice Intensification) and introduced in India in 2009.
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Question 4 of 30
4. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the zero tillage:
- In this, new crop is planted in the residues of the previous crop without any prior soil tillage or seed bed preparation.
- Zero tilled soils are homogenous in structure with more number of earthworms.
- Higher amount of nitrogen has to be applied for mineralization of organic matter in zero tillage.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Zero tillage (No tillage): In this, new crop is planted in the residues of the previous crop without any prior soil tillage or seed bed preparation and it is possible when all the weeds are controlled by the use of herbicides.
Advantages of Zero tillage:
- Zero tilled soils are homogenous in structure with more number of earthworms.
- Organic matter content increases due to less mineralization.
- Surface runoff is reduced due to presence of mulch.
Disadvantages of Zero tillage
- Higher amount of nitrogen has to be applied for mineralization of organic matter in zero tillage.
- Perennial weeds may be a problem.
- High number of volunteer plants and build-up of pests.
Incorrect
Zero tillage (No tillage): In this, new crop is planted in the residues of the previous crop without any prior soil tillage or seed bed preparation and it is possible when all the weeds are controlled by the use of herbicides.
Advantages of Zero tillage:
- Zero tilled soils are homogenous in structure with more number of earthworms.
- Organic matter content increases due to less mineralization.
- Surface runoff is reduced due to presence of mulch.
Disadvantages of Zero tillage
- Higher amount of nitrogen has to be applied for mineralization of organic matter in zero tillage.
- Perennial weeds may be a problem.
- High number of volunteer plants and build-up of pests.
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Question 5 of 30
5. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the irrigation system:
- Drip irrigation is also called trickle irrigation and involves dripping water onto the soil at very high rates from a system of small diameter plastic pipes fitted with outlets called emitters.
- In the sprinkler method of irrigation, water is sprayed into the soil and allowed to reach the ground surface.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Sprinkler Irrigation:
In the sprinkler method of irrigation, water is sprayed into the air and allowed to fall on the ground surface somewhat resembling rainfall. The spray is developed by the flow of water under pressure through small orifices or nozzles.
Drip irrigation:
Drip irrigation is also called trickle irrigation and involves dripping water onto the soil at very low rates from a system of small diameter plastic pipes fitted with outlets called emitters.
Water is applied close to plants so that only part of the soil in which the roots grow is wetted, unlike surface and sprinkler irrigation, which involves wetting the whole soil profile.Incorrect
Sprinkler Irrigation:
In the sprinkler method of irrigation, water is sprayed into the air and allowed to fall on the ground surface somewhat resembling rainfall. The spray is developed by the flow of water under pressure through small orifices or nozzles.
Drip irrigation:
Drip irrigation is also called trickle irrigation and involves dripping water onto the soil at very low rates from a system of small diameter plastic pipes fitted with outlets called emitters.
Water is applied close to plants so that only part of the soil in which the roots grow is wetted, unlike surface and sprinkler irrigation, which involves wetting the whole soil profile. -
Question 6 of 30
6. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the volcanoes type:
- These volcanoes are mostly made up of basalt, a type of lava that is very fluid when erupted.
- They become explosive if somehow water gets into the vent; otherwise, they are less explosive.
- These volcanoes are not steep
- Hawaiian volcanoes are most famous examples.
The above statements are defining which of the following:
Correct
Composite Type Volcanic Landforms are conical or central type volcanic landforms.
Along with andesitic lava, large quantities of pyroclastic material and ashes find their way to the ground.Andesitic lava along with pyroclastic material accumulates in the vicinity of the vent openings leading to formation of layers, and this makes the mounts appear as composite volcanoes.
The highest and most common volcanoes have composite cones.
They are often called strato – volcanoes.Stromboli ‘Lighthouse of the Mediterranean’, Mt. Vesuvius, Mt. Fuji etc. are examples.
Incorrect
Composite Type Volcanic Landforms are conical or central type volcanic landforms.
Along with andesitic lava, large quantities of pyroclastic material and ashes find their way to the ground.Andesitic lava along with pyroclastic material accumulates in the vicinity of the vent openings leading to formation of layers, and this makes the mounts appear as composite volcanoes.
The highest and most common volcanoes have composite cones.
They are often called strato – volcanoes.Stromboli ‘Lighthouse of the Mediterranean’, Mt. Vesuvius, Mt. Fuji etc. are examples.
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Question 7 of 30
7. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the P-wave of earthquake:
- They are a type of longitudinal or compressional waves.
- Particles of the medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave.
- P-waves move faster and are the first to arrive at the surface.
- These waves are of low frequency.
- They can travel in all mediums
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Primary Waves (P waves) Also called as the longitudinal or compressional waves.
Particles of the medium vibrate along the direction of propagation of the wave. P-waves move faster and are the first to arrive at the surface. These waves are of high frequency. They can travel in all mediums.
Velocity of P waves in Solids > Liquids > Gases
Their velocity depends on shear strength or elasticity of the material.
Incorrect
Primary Waves (P waves) Also called as the longitudinal or compressional waves.
Particles of the medium vibrate along the direction of propagation of the wave. P-waves move faster and are the first to arrive at the surface. These waves are of high frequency. They can travel in all mediums.
Velocity of P waves in Solids > Liquids > Gases
Their velocity depends on shear strength or elasticity of the material.
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Question 8 of 30
8. Question
Consider the following statements:
- Westerlies come all the year round.
- There is a tendency towards an autumn or winter maximum of rainfall.
- Light snow falls in winter.
- Ports are never frozen but frosts do occur on cold nights.
- The seasons are very distinct.
- And the climate is very favorable for maximum human output.
The above statements define which type of climate?
Correct
British Type Climate or Cool Temperate Western Margin Climate or North-West European Maritime Climate.
The cool temperate western margins are under the influence of the Westerlies all-round the year.
They are the regions of frontal cyclonic activity [Temperate Cyclones].
This type of climate is typical to Britain, hence the name ‘British Type’.
Also called as North-West European Maritime Climate due to greater oceanic influence.
Incorrect
British Type Climate or Cool Temperate Western Margin Climate or North-West European Maritime Climate.
The cool temperate western margins are under the influence of the Westerlies all-round the year.
They are the regions of frontal cyclonic activity [Temperate Cyclones].
This type of climate is typical to Britain, hence the name ‘British Type’.
Also called as North-West European Maritime Climate due to greater oceanic influence.
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Question 9 of 30
9. Question
Consider the following statements:
- Stable climatic conditions
- Perpetually cold and shallow water.
- Abundant Plankton
- Little or no pollution
Which of the following includes the idea condition for the growth of coral reefs?
Correct
Ideal Conditions for Coral Growth
Stable climatic conditions:
Corals are highly susceptible to quick changes. They grow in regions where climate is significantly stable for a long period of time.
Perpetually warm waters: Corals thrive in tropical waters [30°N and 30°S latitudes, The temperature of water is around 20°C] where diurnal and annual temperature ranges are very narrow.
Shallow water:
Coral require fairly good amount of sunlight to survive. The ideal depths for coral growth are 45 m to 55 m below sea surface, where there is abundant sunlight available.
Clear salt water: Clear salt water is suitable for coral growth, while both fresh water and highly saline water are harmful.Abundant Plankton:
Adequate supply of oxygen and microscopic marine food, called plankton [phytoplankton], is essential for growth. As the plankton is more abundant on the seaward side, corals grow rapidly on the seaward side. Little or no pollution: Corals are highly fragile and are vulnerable to climate change and pollution and even a minute increase in marine pollution can be catastrophic.
Incorrect
Ideal Conditions for Coral Growth
Stable climatic conditions:
Corals are highly susceptible to quick changes. They grow in regions where climate is significantly stable for a long period of time.
Perpetually warm waters: Corals thrive in tropical waters [30°N and 30°S latitudes, The temperature of water is around 20°C] where diurnal and annual temperature ranges are very narrow.
Shallow water:
Coral require fairly good amount of sunlight to survive. The ideal depths for coral growth are 45 m to 55 m below sea surface, where there is abundant sunlight available.
Clear salt water: Clear salt water is suitable for coral growth, while both fresh water and highly saline water are harmful.Abundant Plankton:
Adequate supply of oxygen and microscopic marine food, called plankton [phytoplankton], is essential for growth. As the plankton is more abundant on the seaward side, corals grow rapidly on the seaward side. Little or no pollution: Corals are highly fragile and are vulnerable to climate change and pollution and even a minute increase in marine pollution can be catastrophic.
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Question 10 of 30
10. Question
Consider the following statements:
- The ocean water is cooled by processes of back radiation, evaporation and exchange of heat.
- Ocean water exposed to a colder atmosphere will see its surface water cool faster than water at depth.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
The convectional currents:
Convection in the ocean is caused by a negative buoyancy force, that is, whenever denser fluid happens to exist above lighter fluid. The top-heavy situation overturns to seek a situation of lower potential energy. The overturning motion is called convection.
There are two ways by which a top-heavy situation can be created, by a temperature inversion (colder water above warmer water) or by a salinity inversion (saltier water above fresher water). This is because water becomes denser when temperature decreases and salinity increases. Combinations are also possible. Here are examples.
Surface cooling: Ocean water exposed to a colder atmosphere will see its surface water cool faster than water at depth. Colder, denser water lying above warmer, lighter water will generate convection.
Surface evaporation: When ocean water evaporates, fresh (distilled) water is removed, leaving an unchanged amount of salt in less liquid water, thus increasing salinity near the surface. Saltier, denser water lying above fresher, lighter water will generate convection.
The ocean water is cooled by Back radiation (heat budget) from the sea surface takes place as the solar energy once received is reradiated as long wave radiation (terrestrial radiation or infrared radiation) from the seawater.
Exchange of heat between the sea and the atmosphere if there is temperature difference.
Evaporation: Heat is lost in the form of latent heat of evaporation (atmosphere gains this heat in the form of latent heat of condensation).
Incorrect
The convectional currents:
Convection in the ocean is caused by a negative buoyancy force, that is, whenever denser fluid happens to exist above lighter fluid. The top-heavy situation overturns to seek a situation of lower potential energy. The overturning motion is called convection.
There are two ways by which a top-heavy situation can be created, by a temperature inversion (colder water above warmer water) or by a salinity inversion (saltier water above fresher water). This is because water becomes denser when temperature decreases and salinity increases. Combinations are also possible. Here are examples.
Surface cooling: Ocean water exposed to a colder atmosphere will see its surface water cool faster than water at depth. Colder, denser water lying above warmer, lighter water will generate convection.
Surface evaporation: When ocean water evaporates, fresh (distilled) water is removed, leaving an unchanged amount of salt in less liquid water, thus increasing salinity near the surface. Saltier, denser water lying above fresher, lighter water will generate convection.
The ocean water is cooled by Back radiation (heat budget) from the sea surface takes place as the solar energy once received is reradiated as long wave radiation (terrestrial radiation or infrared radiation) from the seawater.
Exchange of heat between the sea and the atmosphere if there is temperature difference.
Evaporation: Heat is lost in the form of latent heat of evaporation (atmosphere gains this heat in the form of latent heat of condensation).
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Question 11 of 30
11. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the tidal bore:
- The steep-nosed tide crest looks like a vertical wall of-water rushing upstream and is known as a tidal bore.
- The favorable conditions for tidal bore include strength of the incoming tidal wave, slim and depth of the channel and the river flow.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
The steep-nosed tide crest looks like a vertical wall of-water rushing upstream and is known as a tidal bore.
The favorable conditions for tidal bore include strength of the incoming tidal wave, slim and depth of the channel and the river flow.
There are exceptions. The Amazon River is the largest river in the world. It empties into the Atlantic Ocean. The mouth of the Amazon is not narrow, but the river still has a strong tidal bore. A tidal bore develops here because the mouth of the river is shallow and dotted by many low-lying islands and sand bars.
In India, tidal bores are common in the Hooghly River. Most powerful tidal bores occur in Qiantang River in China.
The name ‘bore’ is because of the sound the tidal current makes when it travels through narrow channels.
Bores occur in relatively few locations worldwide, usually in areas with a large tidal range, typically more than 6 metres (20 ft) between high and low water.
Incorrect
The steep-nosed tide crest looks like a vertical wall of-water rushing upstream and is known as a tidal bore.
The favorable conditions for tidal bore include strength of the incoming tidal wave, slim and depth of the channel and the river flow.
There are exceptions. The Amazon River is the largest river in the world. It empties into the Atlantic Ocean. The mouth of the Amazon is not narrow, but the river still has a strong tidal bore. A tidal bore develops here because the mouth of the river is shallow and dotted by many low-lying islands and sand bars.
In India, tidal bores are common in the Hooghly River. Most powerful tidal bores occur in Qiantang River in China.
The name ‘bore’ is because of the sound the tidal current makes when it travels through narrow channels.
Bores occur in relatively few locations worldwide, usually in areas with a large tidal range, typically more than 6 metres (20 ft) between high and low water.
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Question 12 of 30
12. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the geographical extent of India:
- The southernmost point of the country is the Pygmalion Point or Indira Point is located at 16° 45′ N latitude.
- North-south extent from Indira Col in Kashmir to Kanniyakumari is less than the East-west width from the Rann of Kachachh to Arunachal Pradesh.
- India is the seventh largest country of the world.
- India accounts for about 2.4 per cent of the total surface area of the world.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
- The southernmost point of the country is the Pygmalion Point or Indira Point is located at 6° 45′ N latitude( You don’t have to learn exact number but 16 as written in options is way too far so it’s about common sense)
- North-south extent from Indira Col in Kashmir to Kanniyakumari is 3,214 km.
- East-west width from the Rann of Kachachh to Arunachal Pradesh is 2,933 km.
- So east west is lesser than north south extent.
Incorrect
- The southernmost point of the country is the Pygmalion Point or Indira Point is located at 6° 45′ N latitude( You don’t have to learn exact number but 16 as written in options is way too far so it’s about common sense)
- North-south extent from Indira Col in Kashmir to Kanniyakumari is 3,214 km.
- East-west width from the Rann of Kachachh to Arunachal Pradesh is 2,933 km.
- So east west is lesser than north south extent.
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Question 13 of 30
13. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the ITCZ:
- This is the region of descending air, maximum clouds and heavy rainfall.
- The location of ITCZ shifts north and south of equator with the change of season.
- In the summer season, the sun shines vertically over the Tropic of Cancer and the ITCZ shifts northwards.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
This is the region of “ascending” air, maximum clouds and heavy rainfall.
The location of ITCZ shifts north and south of equator with the change of season.
In the summer season, the sun shines vertically over the Tropic of Cancer and the ITCZ shifts northwards.Extra information:
The southeast trade winds of the southern hemisphere cross the equator and start blowing in southwest to northeast direction under the influence of Coriolis force.
These displaced trade winds are called south-west monsoons when they blow over the Indian sub-continent.The front where the south-west monsoons meet the north-east trade winds is known as the Monsoon Front (ITCZ). Rainfall occurs along this front.
In the month of July the ITCZ shifts to 20°- 25° N latitude and is located in the Indo-Gangetic Plain and the south-west monsoons blow from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The ITCZ in this position is often called the Monsoon Trough [maximum rainfall].
Incorrect
This is the region of “ascending” air, maximum clouds and heavy rainfall.
The location of ITCZ shifts north and south of equator with the change of season.
In the summer season, the sun shines vertically over the Tropic of Cancer and the ITCZ shifts northwards.Extra information:
The southeast trade winds of the southern hemisphere cross the equator and start blowing in southwest to northeast direction under the influence of Coriolis force.
These displaced trade winds are called south-west monsoons when they blow over the Indian sub-continent.The front where the south-west monsoons meet the north-east trade winds is known as the Monsoon Front (ITCZ). Rainfall occurs along this front.
In the month of July the ITCZ shifts to 20°- 25° N latitude and is located in the Indo-Gangetic Plain and the south-west monsoons blow from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The ITCZ in this position is often called the Monsoon Trough [maximum rainfall].
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Question 14 of 30
14. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Factors that influence the location of Iron and Steel industry:
- Raw materials
- Transportation and other infrastructure
- Investment and Entrepreneurship
- Labour
- Market
- Climate
Which of the above options are the factors that influence the location of Iron and Steel industry?
Correct
Factors that influence the location of Iron and Steel industry
- Raw materials – iron ore, coal, limestone, etc.
- Transportation and other infrastructure – road, rail, ports etc.
- Investment and Entrepreneurship = banking facilities, human capital for managerial roles.
- Labour – unskilled to semi-skilled workforce for manual operations, skilled workforce for technical operations.
- Market – construction industry, automobile industry etc.
- Government policy – Development agenda, land acquisition, ease of doing business = labor laws, unambiguous and fair taxation policy, least government interference, less red tapeism, quick environmental clearance.
Incorrect
Factors that influence the location of Iron and Steel industry
- Raw materials – iron ore, coal, limestone, etc.
- Transportation and other infrastructure – road, rail, ports etc.
- Investment and Entrepreneurship = banking facilities, human capital for managerial roles.
- Labour – unskilled to semi-skilled workforce for manual operations, skilled workforce for technical operations.
- Market – construction industry, automobile industry etc.
- Government policy – Development agenda, land acquisition, ease of doing business = labor laws, unambiguous and fair taxation policy, least government interference, less red tapeism, quick environmental clearance.
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Question 15 of 30
15. Question
Bindibu tribe is tribe of which dessert?
Correct
Bindibu is an aboriginal tribe of Australia.
Incorrect
Bindibu is an aboriginal tribe of Australia.
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Question 16 of 30
16. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the Problems of Coal Mining in India:
- The distribution of coal is uneven.
- High ash content and high caloric value.
- Large percentage of coal is taken out from open cast mines.
- Heavy losses due to fires in the mines.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Problems of Coal Mining in India:
- The distribution of coal is uneven.
- High ash content and low caloric value.
- Large percentage of coal is taken out from underground mines. [Very few open cast mines]
- Heavy losses due to fires in the mines.
- Pilferage at several stages also adds to losses – bad transportation infrastructure.
- Serious problem of environmental pollution. High ash, moisture == more smoke.
- Safety measures against environmental pollution are very costly. Clean coal technology == Complex technology.
- Misuse of good quality coal for burning into transport and industries.
- Short life of metallurgical coal.
- Selective mining leading to large scale wastage of raw coal
- Unscientific method of extraction of coal.
Incorrect
Problems of Coal Mining in India:
- The distribution of coal is uneven.
- High ash content and low caloric value.
- Large percentage of coal is taken out from underground mines. [Very few open cast mines]
- Heavy losses due to fires in the mines.
- Pilferage at several stages also adds to losses – bad transportation infrastructure.
- Serious problem of environmental pollution. High ash, moisture == more smoke.
- Safety measures against environmental pollution are very costly. Clean coal technology == Complex technology.
- Misuse of good quality coal for burning into transport and industries.
- Short life of metallurgical coal.
- Selective mining leading to large scale wastage of raw coal
- Unscientific method of extraction of coal.
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Question 17 of 30
17. Question
Which of the following is the highest peak of Satpura Range?
Correct
Mount Dhupgarh or Dhoopgarh is the highest point in the Satpura Range and in Madhya Pradesh, India. Located in Pachmarhi, it has an elevation of 1,350 metres (4,429 ft).It is the highest point of Madhya Pradesh.
Incorrect
Mount Dhupgarh or Dhoopgarh is the highest point in the Satpura Range and in Madhya Pradesh, India. Located in Pachmarhi, it has an elevation of 1,350 metres (4,429 ft).It is the highest point of Madhya Pradesh.
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Question 18 of 30
18. Question
Tropic of Cancer passes through which of the following group of Indian States?
Correct
The Tropic of Cancer divided India into almost 2 equal parts. It passes through8 Indian States of India – Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.
Incorrect
The Tropic of Cancer divided India into almost 2 equal parts. It passes through8 Indian States of India – Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.
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Question 19 of 30
19. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the soil profile:
- In E horizon, “E” stands for eluviated layer.
- It is the horizon that has been significantly leached of clay, iron, and aluminum oxides, which leaves a concentration of resistant minerals, such as quartz, in the sand and silt sizes.
- These are present only in older, well-developed soils, and generally occur between the A and B horizons.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Correct
E-horizon
- It is a light coloured eluviated layer, that is eroded of its nutrients.
- It underwent significant leaching which took away the nutrients like iron, aluminium, clay etc., leaving behind resistant, undissolvable materials like quartz, sand, and silt.
- It is an older layer usually found between the A-horizon and the B-horizon.
Incorrect
E-horizon
- It is a light coloured eluviated layer, that is eroded of its nutrients.
- It underwent significant leaching which took away the nutrients like iron, aluminium, clay etc., leaving behind resistant, undissolvable materials like quartz, sand, and silt.
- It is an older layer usually found between the A-horizon and the B-horizon.
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Question 20 of 30
20. Question
Which of the following Mountain passes forms the ‘tri-junction’ of India, China and Myanmar?
Correct
Diphu Pass is a mountain pass around the area of the disputed tri-point borders of India, China, and Myanmar. Diphu Pass is also a strategic approach to eastern Arunachal Pradesh. It lies on the McMahon Line.
Incorrect
Diphu Pass is a mountain pass around the area of the disputed tri-point borders of India, China, and Myanmar. Diphu Pass is also a strategic approach to eastern Arunachal Pradesh. It lies on the McMahon Line.
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Question 21 of 30
21. Question
Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
- Shanghumughom beach – Kerala
- Chandrabhaga beach – Odisha
- Chimbai beach – Andhra Pradesh
Select the correct code:
Correct
Shanghumughom beach – Kerala
Chandrabhaga beach – Odisha
Chimbai beach – Maharashtra
Incorrect
Shanghumughom beach – Kerala
Chandrabhaga beach – Odisha
Chimbai beach – Maharashtra
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Question 22 of 30
22. Question
The term ‘AMRAAM’ refers to
Correct
Advanced medium-range air to air missile – In news because of Dogfight between India (MIG21) and Pakistan (F16)
Incorrect
Advanced medium-range air to air missile – In news because of Dogfight between India (MIG21) and Pakistan (F16)
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Question 23 of 30
23. Question
Election commission allows which of the following documents to prove voters’ identity?
- PAN card
- MNREGA Job Card
- Official identity cards issued to MPs
Select the correct code:
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Question 24 of 30
24. Question
‘Non-detriment Findings’ is associated with
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Question 25 of 30
25. Question
‘Operation Sunrise’ was in news associated with which of the following countries?
- India
- Myanmar
- Bhutan
- Nepal
Select the correct code:
Correct
Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport Project involving India and Myanmar– critical to the connectivity between North East and Myanmar was saved by a joint operation carried out by forces of both countries.
Incorrect
Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport Project involving India and Myanmar– critical to the connectivity between North East and Myanmar was saved by a joint operation carried out by forces of both countries.
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Question 26 of 30
26. Question
Monaco Blue Initiative was recently in news related to Marine Protected Area. Where is Monaco located?
Correct
Monaco is a tiny independent city-state on France’s Mediterranean coastline.
Incorrect
Monaco is a tiny independent city-state on France’s Mediterranean coastline.
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Question 27 of 30
27. Question
Consider the following statements regarding ‘World Conservation Congress’:
- It is a body of International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
- It is held once in four years.
- The next World Conservation Congress is scheduled to be held in France in 2020
Which of the give statements is/are correct?
Correct
Held once every four years, the IUCN World Conservation Congress brings together several thousand leaders and decision-makers from government, civil society, indigenous peoples, business, and academia, with the goal of conserving the environment and harnessing the solutions nature offers to global challenges.
France will host the IUCN World Conservation Congress 2020 from 11 to 19 June at Parc Chanot in Marseille.
Incorrect
Held once every four years, the IUCN World Conservation Congress brings together several thousand leaders and decision-makers from government, civil society, indigenous peoples, business, and academia, with the goal of conserving the environment and harnessing the solutions nature offers to global challenges.
France will host the IUCN World Conservation Congress 2020 from 11 to 19 June at Parc Chanot in Marseille.
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Question 28 of 30
28. Question
The Navratna: India’s National Treasure Artists includes:
- Jamini Roy
- Raja Ravi Verma
- Rabindranath Tagore
- Subhash Chandra Bose
Which of the given is/are correct?
Correct
The Navratna: India’s National Treasure Artists features
- Raja Ravi Varma,
- Amrita Sher-Gil,
- Rabindranath Tagore,
- Abanindranath Tagore
- Gaganendranath Tagore,
- Nandalal Bose,
- Sailoz Mukherjea,
- Jamini Roy,
- Nicholas Roerich.
Source:
Incorrect
The Navratna: India’s National Treasure Artists features
- Raja Ravi Varma,
- Amrita Sher-Gil,
- Rabindranath Tagore,
- Abanindranath Tagore
- Gaganendranath Tagore,
- Nandalal Bose,
- Sailoz Mukherjea,
- Jamini Roy,
- Nicholas Roerich.
Source:
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Question 29 of 30
29. Question
This region is now regarded as a site museum of palaeo-zoology because of its well-preserved fossils and corals. Like the Grand Canyon in Colorado, USA, it is considered as Cretaceous Park of South India by the geological community. Name the region?
Correct
This region is now regarded as a site museum of palaeo-zoology because of its well-preserved fossils and corals.
Like the Grand Canyon in Colorado, US, Ariyalur is considered as Cretaceous Park of South India by the geological community.
Some Facts about Ariyalur:
- The fossil site is spread out over 2 lakh acres within a 40-70 kilometre radius from Ariyalur town. It covers Samayapuram and Kallakudi in Tiruchi district, Sathanur in Perambalur district and the coastal region close to Marakkanam in Cuddalore district.
- The mouth of the Vellar was considered the entry point of the sea from the Bay of Bengal (a phenomenon called sea ingression). After being a marine haven for 40 million years, the sea evaporated (known as regression), leaving behind a vast graveyard of shellfish, corals, clams, gastropods and branchiopods. These formed huge bands of sedimentary rocks, most of it limestone, the main raw material for cement production.
- The region is a magnet for cement companies because of the purity of Ariyalur’s limestone (90% compared to the 67% required for production). The factories burn a mixture of powdered limestone, gypsum, coal and other chemicals to produce cement and clinker (a stony residue). But unchecked mining has led to air pollution and large quantities of overburden soil being heaped up randomly.
Source:
Incorrect
This region is now regarded as a site museum of palaeo-zoology because of its well-preserved fossils and corals.
Like the Grand Canyon in Colorado, US, Ariyalur is considered as Cretaceous Park of South India by the geological community.
Some Facts about Ariyalur:
- The fossil site is spread out over 2 lakh acres within a 40-70 kilometre radius from Ariyalur town. It covers Samayapuram and Kallakudi in Tiruchi district, Sathanur in Perambalur district and the coastal region close to Marakkanam in Cuddalore district.
- The mouth of the Vellar was considered the entry point of the sea from the Bay of Bengal (a phenomenon called sea ingression). After being a marine haven for 40 million years, the sea evaporated (known as regression), leaving behind a vast graveyard of shellfish, corals, clams, gastropods and branchiopods. These formed huge bands of sedimentary rocks, most of it limestone, the main raw material for cement production.
- The region is a magnet for cement companies because of the purity of Ariyalur’s limestone (90% compared to the 67% required for production). The factories burn a mixture of powdered limestone, gypsum, coal and other chemicals to produce cement and clinker (a stony residue). But unchecked mining has led to air pollution and large quantities of overburden soil being heaped up randomly.
Source:
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Question 30 of 30
30. Question
The kalpavriksha is a dominant artistic theme in mythology and cosmology as a wish-fulfilling divine tree of:
- Hinduism
- Jainism
- Buddhism
Select the correct code:
Correct
The kalpavriksha is a dominant artistic theme in Hindu, Jain and Buddhist mythology and cosmology as a wish-fulfilling divine tree.
James Fergusson, in his 19th-century History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, writes, “Of the various forms which the Saracenic architecture assumed in India, that of Ahmedabad may probably be considered the most elegant, as it certainly is the most characteristic of all. No other form is so essentially Indian, and no one tells its tale with the same unmistakable distinctness.”
Sidi Saiyyed Mosque in Ahmedabad- It’s a symbol of the city, and the logo of IIM Ahmedabad. It was this tree of life or kalpavriksha carved in this Mosque.
Source:
https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/the-kalpavriksha-on-minarets/article26544493.ece
Incorrect
The kalpavriksha is a dominant artistic theme in Hindu, Jain and Buddhist mythology and cosmology as a wish-fulfilling divine tree.
James Fergusson, in his 19th-century History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, writes, “Of the various forms which the Saracenic architecture assumed in India, that of Ahmedabad may probably be considered the most elegant, as it certainly is the most characteristic of all. No other form is so essentially Indian, and no one tells its tale with the same unmistakable distinctness.”
Sidi Saiyyed Mosque in Ahmedabad- It’s a symbol of the city, and the logo of IIM Ahmedabad. It was this tree of life or kalpavriksha carved in this Mosque.
Source:
https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/the-kalpavriksha-on-minarets/article26544493.ece