DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 17th July 2023

Syllabus

• Prelims –Government Schemes

Context: In a recent tweet, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that the PM-MITRA mega textile parks will bolster productivity, foster innovation and generate many employment opportunities.

About PM-MITRA:-

IMAGE SOURCE: yojanapandit.com

• Launched: 2021.
  • The setting up of 7 PM MITRA Parks was announced in the Union Budget for 2021-22 and later approved by the Central Government. (UPSC CSE: PM MITRA)
• Ministry: Ministry of Textiles
• Objective: It aspires to fulfil the vision of building an Aatmanirbhar Bharat and to position India strongly on the Global textiles map.

Key Features of PM MITRA:-

• The PM MITRA scheme is inspired by the 5F vision – Farm to Fibre to Factory to Fashion to Foreign.
• PM MITRA Parks will be developed by a Special Purpose Vehicle which will be owned by the State Government and Government of India in a Public Private Partnership (PPP) Mode. (UPSC CSE: PM MITRA Parks)
• The Park will have:-
  • Core Infrastructure: Incubation Centre & Plug & Play facility, Developed Factory Sites, Roads, Power, Water and Waste Water system, Common Processing House & CETP and other related facilities e.g. Design Centre, Testing Centers etc.
  • Support Infrastructure: Workers’ hostels & housing, Logistics Park, warehousing, medical, training & skill development facilities.
• Competitiveness Incentive Support (CIS) of ₹300 Crore will also be provided to each PM MITRA park for the early establishment of textiles manufacturing units in PM MITRA Park.

Advantages of PM MITRA:-

• PM MITRA Parks aim to have world-class industrial infrastructure.
• They will attract cutting-edge technology and boost FDI and local investment in the textiles sector.
• The Parks offer an opportunity to create an integrated textiles value chain right from spinning, weaving, processing/dyeing and printing to garment manufacturing at 1 location.
• Integrated Textile Value chain at 1 location will reduce the logistics cost of the Industry.
• Intended to generate 1 lakh direct and 2 lakh indirect employment per park.
• 7 Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (PM MITRA) Parks are aimed at helping India to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 9: “Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation”.

MUST READ: Textile Industry in India

SOURCE: AIR

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Q.1) Consider the following statements in relation to Janani Suraksha Yojana: (2023)

1. It is a safe motherhood intervention of the State Health Departments.
2. Its objective is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality among poor pregnant women.
3. It aims to promote institutional delivery among poor pregnant women.
4. Its objective includes providing public health facilities to sick infants up to one year of age.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

1. Only one
2. Only two
3. Only three
4. All four

Q.2) In India, which one of the following compiles information on industrial disputes, closures, retrenchments and lay-offs in factories employing workers? (2022)

1. Central Statistics Office
2. Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade
3. Labour Bureau
4. National Technical Manpower Information System

Syllabus

• Prelims –Important Awards

Context: As per recent announcements, President Droupadi Murmu will present Bhoomi Samman awards in New Delhi.

Background:-

• Rural Development and Panchayati Raj Minister stated this event is extremely significant for Revenue and Registration functionaries of the State, who would receive the “Bhoomi Samman” for the first time in the last 75 years for their outstanding performance.
• He further said that the “Bhoomi Samman” Scheme is a fine example of Centre-State cooperative federalism based on trust and partnership.

About Bhoomi Samman 2023:-

• Launched: 2023.
• Presented by: President of India.
• Presented at: Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.
• Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development.
• Selection Process:-
  • The grading has been done on the basis of the performance of Districts as reflected in the Management Information System (MIS) of the Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP) and as reported by the State/UT Governments. (UPSC CSE: SVAMITVA Scheme)
  • Platinum Grading is given to the Districts which have completed saturation i.e. 100% targets in the respective core components of DILRMP. (UPSC CSE: Unique Land Parcel Identification Number (ULPIN) scheme)
• Nine State Secretaries and 68 District Collectors of the various Districts will be presented with “Bhoomi Samman” recognizing their efforts in achieving outstanding performances. 

MUST READ: Revised Rural Area Development Plan Formulation and Implementation (RADPFI) Guidelines

SOURCE: AIR

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2023)

Statement-I:

India accounts for 3·2% of the global export of goods.

Statement-II:

Many local companies and some foreign companies operating in India have taken advantage of India’s ‘Production-linked Incentive’ scheme.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
2. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
3. Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
4. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

Q.2) With reference to Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, consider the following statements: (2022)

1. Private and public hospitals must adopt it.
2. As it aims to achieve universal health coverage, every citizen of India should be part of it ultimately.
3. It has seamless portability across the country.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

Syllabus

• Prelims –International Relations/Economy

Context: Recently, India and UAE signed a historic Memorandum of Understanding on Local Currency Settlement (LCS) system.

Background:-

• The agreement was signed between the Reserve Bank of India and the Central Bank of the UAE.
• Objective: to revolutionize cross-border transactions between the two nations.

About Local Currency Settlement (LCS) system:-

IMAGE SOURCE: blogspot.com

• The Local Currency Settlement (LCS) system enables exporters and importers to invoice and pay in their respective domestic currencies.
• The LCS system between India and UAE allows for the use of the Indian Rupee and UAE Dirham in bilateral trade.
• It is India’s first-ever LCS arrangement.
• This innovative system is expected to have a transformative impact on transaction costs and processing time.
• It is anticipated to have a ripple effect on global economic engagements, encouraging the use of local currencies and fostering greater financial independence.
• It will increase the reliance on local currencies.
• The LCS system, will provide a seamless and efficient mechanism for cross-border transactions. (UPSC CSE: India-UAE and FTA)
• It will reduce dependence on international currencies and further strengthen economic cooperation.
• It will enable the use of surplus balances in local currencies for investment in various local currency assets, such as corporate bonds, government securities, and equity markets, creating new avenues for growth and collaboration.
• It will amplify the preferential terms already established by the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), bringing new opportunities for trade and investment.
  • CEPA: a free trade agreement between two countries which covers negotiation on the trade in services and investment, and provides for an institutional mechanism to encourage and improve trade between the two countries. (UPSC CSE: CEPA between India and the UAE)
• This arrangement would also promote investments and remittances.

MUST READ: India-UAE relations

SOURCE: AIR

 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2023)

The ‘Stability and Growth Pact’ of the European Union is a treaty that

1. limits the levels of the budgetary deficit of the countries of the European Union
2. makes the countries of the European Union share their infrastructure facilities
3. enables the countries of the European Union to share their technologies

How many of the above statements are correct?

1. Only one
2. Only· two
3. All three
4. None

Q.2) Consider the following statements about G-20: (2023)

1. The G-20 group was originally established as a platform for the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors to discuss international economic and financial issues.
2. Digital public infrastructure is one· of India’s G-20 priorities.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

Syllabus

• Prelims –Science and Technology

Context: Recent reports suggest that London is at risk of a major measles outbreak.

Background:-

• Data revealed that there has been a steady rise in measles cases this year which indicates a resurgence of the illness in London.

About Measles:-

IMAGE SOURCE: KVAL News

• It is a highly contagious airborne disease. (UPSC CSE: Measles)
• Caused by: a virus in the paramyxovirus family.
• Transmission: it is normally passed through direct contact and the air.
• The virus infects the respiratory tract, and then spreads throughout the body, causing severe disease, complications and even death.
• Measles is a human disease and is not known to occur in animals.
• Measles vaccine introduction: 1963.

Symptoms of measles:-

• Measles signs and symptoms appear around 10 to 14 days after exposure to the virus.
• These include:-
• Fever
• Dry cough
• Runny nose
• Sore throat
• Inflamed eyes (conjunctivitis)
• Tiny white spots with bluish-white centers on a red background found inside the mouth on the inner lining of the cheek — also called Koplik’s spots

Risk factors for measles:-

• Being unvaccinated.
• Traveling internationally.
• Having a vitamin A deficiency.

Treatment for measles:-

• No specific antiviral treatment exists for measles.

Prevention for measles:-

• Vaccine: The vaccine for the diseases is provided in the form of measles-rubella (MR), measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), or measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) combination.
• Routine measles vaccination for children, combined with mass immunization campaigns in countries with low routine coverage, are key public health strategies to reduce global measles deaths. (UPSC CSE: India’s plan to eradicate measles, rubella)
• WHO recommends immunization for all susceptible children and adults for whom measles vaccination is not contraindicated.

MUST READ: Ni-kshay Mitra

SOURCE: HINDUSTAN TIMES

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2023)

Statement-I:

India’s public sector health care system largely focuses on curative care with limited preventive, promotive and rehabilitative care.

Statement-II:

Under India’s decentralized approach to health care delivery, the States are primarily responsible for organizing health services.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
2. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
3. Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
4. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

Q.2) Consider the following statements: (2021)

1. Adenoviruses have single-stranded DNA genomes whereas retroviruses have double-stranded DNA genomes.
2. Common cold is sometimes caused by an adenovirus whereas AIDS is caused by a retrovirus.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

Syllabus

• Prelims –International Relations

Context: Recent conflicts in Blue Nile or Darfur regions of Sudan has led to nationwide displacement.

Background:-

• Some 2,231,523 internal displacements have been recorded in Sudan (as of June 28, 2023), since conflict erupted in one of Africa’s biggest countries on April 15, 2023.

About Sudan conflicts:-

IMAGE SOURCE: countryreports.org

• The conflict in April 2023 is a power struggle between the two major factions of Sudan, which has led to the outbreak of violence.
• The ongoing struggle is between the paramilitaries of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudanese military forces.
• Reason for conflict:–
  • 2019: The conflict in Sudan has its roots in the overthrowing of long-serving President Omar al-Bashir by military generals in April 2019, following widespread protests.
  • 2021: The military overthrew the transitional government led by Abdalla Hamdok in October 2021, with Burhan becoming the de-facto leader of the country and Dagalo his second-in-command.
  • The current fight is due to the RSF supporting the former warlord Gen Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, also known as Hemedti, while the Sudanese military forces supporting Gen Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, who is the de facto ruler of the nation.
• Current Impact of Conflict:-
  • It has resulted in millions of internal and cross-border displacements.
  • Fighting initially took place in cities across Northern and Khartoum states, later spreading across the Darfur and Kordofan states. (UPSC CSE: Sudan’s Darfur region)
  • Khartoum state has been experiencing the highest levels of internal displacement.

India and Sudan conflict:-

• There are about 2,800 Indian nationals in Sudan, and there is also a settled Indian community of about 1,200 in the country.
• India began Operation Kaveri in 2023. (UPSC CSE: Indian Naval Ship Airavat enters Port Sudan under Mission Sagar – II)
• Operation Kaveri: a codename for India’s evacuation effort to bring back its citizens stranded in Sudan amid intense fighting between the army and a rival paramilitary force there.
• The operation involves the deployment of the Indian Navy’s INS Sumedha, a stealth offshore patrol vessel, and two Indian Air Force C-130J special operations aircraft on standby in Jeddah.

MUST READ: Sudan and Israel Agree to Normalise Relations

SOURCE: DOWN TO EARTH

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Q.1) Which one of the following countries have been suffering from decades of civil strife and food shortages and was in the news in the recent past for its very severe famine? (2023)

1. Angola
2. Costa Rica
3. Ecuador
4. Somalia

Q.2) Consider the following countries: (2023)

1. Bulgaria
2. Czech Republic
3. Hungary
4. Latvia
5. Lithuania
6. Romania

How many of the above-mentioned countries share a land border with Ukraine?

1. Only two
2. Only three
3. Only four
4. Only five

Syllabus

• Mains – GS 2 (Governance)

Context: The Union health ministry has sounded the alarm on a vector-borne disease outbreak with record rainfall in North India.

About Vectors:

• Vectors are living organisms that can transmit infectious pathogens between humans, or from animals to humans.
• Many of these vectors are bloodsucking insects, which ingest disease-producing microorganisms during a blood meal from an infected host (human or animal) and later transmit it into a new host, after the pathogen has replicated.

About Vector-borne diseases:

• They are human illnesses caused by parasites, viruses and bacteria that are transmitted by vectors.
• They are of six types (Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Japanese Encephalitis, Lymphatic Filariasis, Kala-Azar).
• They are seasonal and spreads mainly during monsoon and post-monsoon period generally.

Vector-borne diseases in India:

• Vector-borne diseases are human illnesses caused by parasites, viruses and bacteria that are transmitted by vectors.
• The burden of these diseases is highest in tropical and subtropical areas, and they disproportionately affect the poorest populations.
• Since 2014, major outbreaks of dengue, malaria, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika have afflicted populations, claimed lives, and overwhelmed health systems in many countries.
• Other diseases such as Chikungunya, leishmaniasis and lymphatic filariasis cause chronic suffering, life-long morbidity, disability and occasional stigmatisation.

Challenges:

• Changing climatic conditions, particularly temperature and moisture variations following events such as extreme rainfall in some places and drought in others, will lead to a surge in the spread of vector-borne and infectious diseases across India, say scientists.
• As concerns mount over the recent increase in respiratory viral infections, including H2N3, adenoviruses and swine flu, in many parts of India.
• The prospect of climate change leading to an increased burden with the spread of diseases such as dengue, chikungunya and malaria looms large.

Global Vector Control Response (GVCR) 2017–2030 by WHO:

• The “Global Vector Control Response (GVCR) 2017–2030” was approved by the World Health Assembly in 2017.
• It provides strategic guidance to countries and development partners for urgent strengthening of vector control as a fundamental approach to preventing disease and responding to outbreaks.
• To achieve this a re-alignment of vector control programmes is required, supported by increased technical capacity, improved infrastructure, strengthened monitoring and surveillance systems, and greater community mobilization.

India’s Efforts:

National Anti – Malaria Programme (NAMP)

• At the time of independence malaria was contributing 75 million cases with 0.8 million deaths every year prior to the launching of National Malaria Control Programme in 1953.
• A countrywide comprehensive programme to control malaria was recommended in 1946 by the Bhore committee report that was endorsed by the Planning Commission in 1951.
• The national programme against malaria has a long history since that time. In April 1953, Govt. of India launched a National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP).

Kala -Azar Control Programme

• Kala-azar or visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic disease caused by an intracellular protozoan (Leishmania species) and transmitted to man by bite of female phlebotomus sand fly.
• Currently, it is a main problem in Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal and some parts of Uttar Pradesh.
• In view of the growing problem, planned control measures were initiated to control kala-azar.

National Filaria Control Programme

• Bancroftian filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, which is transmitted to man by the bites of infected mosquitoes – Culex, Anopheles, Mansonia and Aedes.
• Lymphatia filaria is prevalent in 18 states and union territories.
• Bancroftian filariasis is widely distributed while brugian filariasis caused by Brugia malayi is restricted to seven states – UP, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Gujarat.
• The National Filaria Control Programme was launched in 1955.
• The activities were mainly confined to urban areas. However, the programme has been extended to rural areas since 1994.

Japanese Encephalitis Control Programme

• Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a zoonotic disease and caused by an arbovirus, group B (Flavivirus) and transmitted by Culex mosquitoes.
• This disease has been reported from 26 states and UTs since 1978, only 15 states are reporting JE regularly.
  • The case fatality in India is 35%, which can be reduced by early detection, immediate referral to hospital and proper medical and nursing care.
  • The total population at risk is estimated 160 million.
• The most disturbing feature of JE has been the regular occurrence of outbreak in different parts of the country.
• of India has constituted a Task Force at National Level, which is in operation and reviews the JE situations and its control strategies from time to time.
  • However, Directorate of National Anti-Malaria Programme is monitoring JE situation in the country.

Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

• Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) are acute fevers caused by four antigenically related but distinct dengue virus serotypes (DEN 1,2,3 and 4) transmitted by the infected mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti.
• Dengue outbreaks have been reported from urban areas from all states.
• All the four serotypes of dengue virus (1, 2, 3 and 4) exist in India.
• The Vector Aedes Aegypti breed in peridomestic fresh water collections and is found in both urban and rural areas.

Way Forward:

As Vector Borne disease is becoming a public health threat, it becomes necessary for a country to reduce its GHG Emissions as Climate change proves to be a major driver behind the expansion of such vectors.

Modelling future scenarios using state-of-the-art techniques that allow predictive future disease patterns or hotspots can be a useful tool to aid decision-makers in planning suitable and timely interventions.

Source:    Indian Express

Syllabus

• Mains – GS 3 (Economy)

Context: The latest Consumer Price Index data showing a resurgence in retail inflation proves exactly why the RBI’s monetary authorities have reiterated the need to keep the policy approach firmly tilted towards ensuring price stability.

Consumer Price Index (CPI):

• The Consumer Price Index (CPI) in India measures the average change in prices of a fixed basket of goods and services consumed by households over time.
• It measures the Inflation rate in India and is commonly used by policymakers, economists, and market analysts to monitor price changes and evaluate the effectiveness of Monetary Policy.

The Inflation figures

• With food prices becoming unmoored and spiraling up, June’s CPI-based provisional inflation reading accelerated by half a percentage point to a three-month high of 4.81%.
• Inflation in the food and beverages group, the single-largest constituent of the CPI that contributes almost 46% of its weight, led the resurgence, quickening from May’s level to 4.63%.
• The food price inflation was broad-based with 10 of the 12 sub-groups witnessing year-on-year increases: cereals registered 12.7% price gains, eggs logged 7%, dairy experienced 8.56% inflation, pulses posted 10.5% and spices saw gains exceed 19%.
• Of the non-food items, clothing and footwear, as well as health and personal care saw price gains that exceeded 6% in June.
• Education prices too continued to keep rising steadily.

Reasons for the rising inflation:

• Rising food prices are a major cause of inflation, with the food and beverages group’s inflation reaching 4.63%.
• Specific food items like cereals and spices saw significant price increases, at 12.7% and 19% respectively.
• Even vegetable prices, despite being in the disinflation zone, witnessed a sharp rise in June.
• Core inflation (excluding food and fuel) remains steady but high at 5.16%.

Impact of agricultural trends on inflation:

• Impact of monsoon trends on inflation: Erratic monsoon trends are causing uncertainties in the agricultural sector.
  • These uncertainties may disrupt crop outputs, leading to price increases and thus influencing inflation rates.
• Impact of sowing trends on inflation: As of July 7, overall kharif sowing was 8.7% lower than the previous year.
  • This shortfall, especially a 24% drop in rice sowing and a 26% drop in pulses, could reduce crop availability, pushing prices and consequently inflation upwards.
• Impact of oilseeds deficiency on inflation: With oilseeds reflecting a 14% deficiency compared to 2022 levels, there is a potential risk for inflation.

Tackling Inflation

 Monetary Policy Measures

• Using contractionary monetary policy, the money supply in the economy can be decreased. This leads to decrease in aggregate demand in the market and thereby reduces inflation.
• Decrease in supply of money → rate of interest increases → Investment decreases → Aggregate demand decreases → prices decline → rate of inflation is lower
• The RBI to control inflation increases rates like CRR, SLR, Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate to affect the money supply in the economy.

Fiscal Policy Measures

• Fiscal Policy refers to the revenue and expenditure policy of the government. Contractionary Fiscal Policy can be useful to tackle high inflation rates.
• The process is as follows: Increased taxes (keeping government spending constant) → disposable personal income decreases→ consumption decreases → aggregate demand decreases → prices decline → rate of inflation is lowered.
• Similar process follows if the government cuts down on its expenditures without raising taxes (or reduces its deficit/ increases surplus).
• Some of the fiscal policy measures are – reducing import duties, banning exports or imposing minimum export prices, suspending the futures trading of commodities, raising the stock limit for commodities, etc.

Supply Measurement Measures

• It aims to increase the competitiveness and efficiency of the supply chain, putting downward pressure on long-term costs.
• Some of the supply management measures taken are- Restricting exports of commodities in short supply and increasing their imports.
• Effective implementation of the Essential Commodities Act, 1952 to prevent hoarding and speculation.
• Incentivizing the increase in production of commodities through tax concessions, subsidies, institutional support etc.
• Higher MSP has been announced to incentivize production and thereby enhance the availability of food items, which may help moderate prices.
• Fixing the ceiling prices of the commodities and taking measures to control the black marketing of those goods.
• Reforming the supply chain through infrastructure development, foreign investments etc.

Constraints in Controlling Inflation

• India imports more than 80 percent of its oil requirements. Oil prices are volatile owing to the various Political and Economic events in the international arena.
• Long overdue supply-side reforms.
• Inefficiencies in the monetary policy transmission.
• Limited control of Government and RBI in controlling rupee depreciation.
• Political compulsion in reducing expenditure and fiscal deficit.
• Populist measures of the government.

Way Forward:

Thus, the policies can target inflation levels. A low level of inflation is considered to be healthy for the economy. If inflation is high, a contractionary policy can address this issue. Policymakers must tighten their grip over prices to prevent the broader economic recovery from floundering.

Source:   The Hindu

Q1) Consider the following statements

Statement-I:

Exercise “Nomadic Elephant – 2023” will commence in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

Statement-II:

The last edition of the exercise was held at, Bakloh, Himachal Pradesh in October 2019.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
2. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
3. Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
4. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

Q2) Consider the following statements

Statement-I:

Having a vitamin A deficiency is a risk factor for Measles.

Statement-II:

There is no vaccine available for Measles.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
2. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
3. Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
4. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

Q3) Consider the following pairs:

    Rescue Operation                              Countries

Vande Bharat Mission:                             Yemen

Operation Raahat:                                     Kuwait

Operation Maitri:                                      Nepal

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

1. Only one
2. Only two
3. Only three
4. None

Mains Practice Questions

Q.1) What do you understand by inflation targeting? Has the adoption of an inflation-targeting regime served the interests of the Indian economy well? Critically examine (250 words)

Q.2) How should India address the rising challenge of vector-borne diseases? Discuss (250 words)

Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!!

ANSWERS FOR ’ 17th July 2023 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st

Q.1) – a

Q.2) – d

Q.3) -a